LIBRI DI EDOARDO REVIGLIO

Il volume traccia un bilancio di trent’anni di Europa, sottolineando, con rammarico, come per l’Italia si sia trattata di un’altra “occasione mancata”. Quando lo Stato imprenditore si è ritirato lasciando un’importante eredità (le imprese pubbliche), “gli eredi” delle privatizzazioni non si sono rivelati all’altezza del compito: ne è uscita compromessa la capacità di crescita del Paese, si sono aggravati gli squilibri territoriali e sociali, è andato colpevolmente disperso un solido patrimonio industriale e di competenze.

The aim of the paper is to study the evolution of Italian public debt and the determinants of the standard inter-temporal function of the public debt/gdp ratio in the period 1992-2006. We present a brief description of the evolution of each single component, namely the snow-ball effect, the primary surplus (or deficit) and the stock-flow adjustments. Subsequently we focus on the stock-flow adjustments, that is the difference between the change in government debt and the government deficit/surplus for a given period. The phenomenon has recently attracted the attention of the European accounting officials on the grounds that it has grown in most member countries due to the effect of the strict fiscal rules, such as the excessive deficit procedure and the stability and growth pact (sgp), aiming at constraining government behaviour. We show that the sgp rules have induced also the Italian governments to use stock-flow adjustments, a form of creative accounting, to hide deficit. This tendency to substitute stock-flow adjustments for budget deficit has been especially strong for the cyclical component of the deficit, as in times of recession the cost of reducing the deficit is particularly large. We conclude that the Government new target for reducing the debt/gdp ratio under the 100 per cent threshold by 2011 is realistic and it is based on positive medium term prospects for economic growth, creation of primary surplus and strong reduction of stock-flow adjustments.