Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Jannarelli Title: Editoriale. Gli attuali compiti delle scienze sociali di fronte alle trasformazioni del mondo agricolo italiano Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:5-12 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34033&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003001 Number: 1 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luigi Costato Title: La situazione mondiale in materia di energia, materie prime, ambiente e alimentazione Abstract: Energy, Raw Materials, Environment and Nutrition in the Contemporary World (by Luigi Costato) - In the last few decades the expansion of scientific knowledge has been responsible for an increase in the productive capacity of some lands and the sterilisation of others, the growth of the world?s population, and food shortages. An additional problem is that food is distributed badly. Food consumption and energy usage are set to soar to such an extent that coal and petrol resources, as well as renewable ones, will be unable to satisfy the increasing demand. Hence the need to reassess the usage of nuclear energy, step up research on new, clean energy sources, and optimise the practical applications of currently available knowledge. Yet, the idea of using agricultural products to obtain clean energy may be just a partial solution to the problem, as agriculture can only integrate other, quantitatively more important sources. With the world?s population set to rise an increase in the demand of food is likely; if agriculture has to provide both food and energy it will probably exceed its capabilities. A different approach to interstate relations and a revision of the concept of sovereignty become thus necessary. We must close the gap that divides the peoples of the world and invest in developing areas. At the same time, we need to avoid wasting resources in the richest countries. As well as taking on board new scientific discoveries we must rebuild man?s psychophysical equilibrium, which includes his moral and religious choices, in the industrialised world, while preserving it in the developing one. This contradicts neither research nor new technologies, but calls for their fulfilment without further disruptions to either the environment or man?s way of life. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:13-23 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34034&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003002 Number: 2 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Rook Basile Title: Il sistema della sicurezza alimentare attraverso le definizioni del regolamento 178/2002 Abstract: The Food Safety System Through the Definitions of Reg. 178/2002 (by Eva Rook Basile) - This paper aims to present the food safety system, introduced with Reg. 178/2002 of 28 January 2002, as the final stage of a long series of EU interventions to regulate health and competition within the food industry. The problem the EU had to tackle was the reconciliation of the rarely converging interests of health with those of the market, a complex issue given the Community?s competitive competence with regard to health and its exclusive competence with regard to competition The food safety system based on Reg. 178/2002 introduces the shared adoption of principles of paramount importance such as the principles of precaution and traceability, as well as that of risk analysis and management. It also states the need to create institutional organisations, such as the European Food Safety Authority, in order to enable, even from an interpretative perspective, the organisation of the whole legal system around the above principles. In this system, definitions have a fundamental role as legal categories pertaining exclusively to the food sector. They are able to expand horizontally, even to other regulations on the same subject, as demonstrated by Reg. 852/2004 and Reg. 183/2005 on the hygiene of food and feedstuffs. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:25-32 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34035&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003003 Number: 3 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paolo Borghi Title: Valutazione e gestione del rischio e standards del Codex Alimentarius Abstract: Risk Evaluation and Management. Standards of the Codex Alimentariu (by Paolo Borghi) - EC Regulation No 178/2002 has completely ruled the food-related risk management, outlining a new system based on the EC Commission?s political responsibility and on the scientific responsibility of an ad hoc specialized agency (European Food Safety Agency). In the text of EC Reg. No 178/2002 there are no explicit links between the tasks of EFSA and the Codex Alimentarius FAO-WHO Commission. Though, the fact that EFSA has to provide the best possible scientific opinions, taking advantage even from external resources (in close cooperation with all data-collecting organizations, including international bodies, so highlighting a possible role of the Codex), implies the need to consider the Codex alimentarius standards as including the best worldwide available scientific information. But also relevant are the fact that international standards must be taken into consideration in the development or adaptation of food law; or the fact that the EC must contribute to the development of international technical standards, and promote consistency between these standards and EU food law: hence, the adhesion (EC Decision No 2003/822/EC) of EC to Codex, which could be even deemed as involved in the EC Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed, open to participation of international organizations. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:33-46 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34036&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003004 Number: 4 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen R. Munzer Author-Name: Kal Raustiala Title: Conflict Alimentarius: Geographic Indications in International Trade Law Abstract: Conflitti alimentari: le indicazioni geografiche del commercio internazionale (by Kal Raustiala e Stephen R. Munzer) - Nel dibattito internazionale, attualmente le indicazioni geografiche sintetizzano tre delle questioni dominanti: l?international trade, la tutela delle propriet? intellettuali e le politiche agricole nazionali. Ed infatti, simile ad un marchio, l?indicazione geografica identifica e si avvale dell?origine dell?attivit? di produzione di un bene collegando ad essa delle peculiarit? e delle qualit? che il prodotto ottenuto o lavorato in altre regioni geografiche non dovrebbe avere, cos? caratterizzando il bene prodotto rispetto alla concorrenza. Sebbene tali segni distintivi abbiano una lunga storia, negli anni recenti si sono venuti imponendo all?attenzione degli operatori giuridici da un lato per la loro connaturale esigenza, nella circolazione delle merci a livello mondiale, di una espansione dei diritti di tutela delle propriet? intellettuali in seno alla Wto e, dall?altro, dinanzi ad una rapida globalizzazione del mondo, per l?esigenza di rispetto e tutela delle tradizioni locali e rurali. Dopo aver esaminato l?origine e le ragioni alla base dei tentativi di tutela delle indicazioni geografiche nel diritto internazionale, l?articolo indaga le possibili giustificazioni normative per tali peculiari tipologie di diritti intellettuali che se una forma blanda di tutela appare giustificabile, il livello di protezione messo a disposizione dalla Wto cos? come l?attuale posizione della EU per un suo incremento non appare per gli Autori ammissibile. Il lavoro tenta di dimostrare tale assunto sulla base delle teorie e della dottrina internazionale venutesi formando sul diritto di propriet?. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:47-70 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34037&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003005 Number: 5 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malgorzata Korzycka-Iwanow Title: Profili della sicurezza alimentare in Polonia Abstract: Food Safety in Poland (by Malgorzata Korzycka-Iwanow) - Currently ongoing in Polish legislation is the process of execution (of instructions) and transposition or implementation of EU regulations (directives). The new Polish law of 2006 on the safety of food and nutrition: a) implements the extensive EU law in the domain of food safety b) lays down the competences of public administration bodies and research entities in respect of food safety c) describes relations to other regulations that constitute the domestic legal order. Polish law expresses the Europeization of Poland?s legal order in respect of food safety; Polish administrative structures in a sense become European bodies which directly execute European law. The complicated and multilateral arrangement of norms concerning food safety puts the Polish legislator in the role of a connector between two separate legal orders: EU law and Polish law. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:71-81 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34038&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003006 Number: 6 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mira Kobuszynska Title: Il ruolo del settore agroalimentare polacco nel mercato dell?Unione Europea Abstract: The Place of Polish Agri-food Sector on the European Union Market (by Mira Kobuszynska) - The paper focuses on the Polish foreign trade in agri-food products. This trade according to the Author?s opinion is one of the most important factors inluencing the dynamic of developement of Polish agricultural and food sector. The first part of the article presents its general characteristic. There are analysed the recent tendency and trends as well as the factors of weekness of the links of Polish foreign trade in agri-food products with the world market. Furthermore, the level and structure of Polish agri-food export are presented. In particular, the paper takes into account the value of Polish foreign trade in agri-food products, the commodity structure of Polish agri-food export and the most important markets for Polish export. There are also showed the detaliled data about the export of the selected goods. The next part of the article describes the gradual process of the liberalization of trade conditions between Poland and the European Union before the accession as well as the main changes after the accession to the European Union. There are reviewed the benefits resulted from the accession which are: the opening of the 420 ml consumers market, the abolishment of import quotas and export subsides, the Polish exporters participation in the European Union subsidy system, the better protection against the third countries import. At least the changes on the selected markets are presented. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:83-92 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34039&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003007 Number: 7 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justyna Kaminska Title: Traditional Products in Poland. Specific Character of Protection Abstract: I prodotti tradizionali in Polonia. Specificit? della loro tutela giuridica (by Justyna Kaminska) - In Polonia, la disciplina comunitaria della tutela giuridica delle denominazioni tradizionali e regionali dei prodotti alimentari trova applicazione dal 1 maggio 2004. La sua introduzione ha richiesto diverse modifiche nel sistema nazionale fino a quel momento vigente. All?interno della disciplina sui prodotti tradizionali, i paesi membri non svolgono soltanto un mero ruolo di controllo del rispetto della normativa in esame. Infatti, a seconda delle specificit?, ogni paese membro pu? utilizzare ulteriori strumenti rispetto a quelli previsti dalla disciplina comunitaria, per garantire un pi? efficace ed efficiente utilizzo delle indicazioni geografiche. Cos? la Polonia ha elaborato un sistema di strumenti, applicabili all?interno del suo territorio, volti a garantire soprattutto la qualit? del prodotto. Tra questi si possono considerare: il sistema di ammissione alla valutazione della Commissione Europea delle domande di ottenimento della tutela Dop, Igp o Stg, il controllo degli stabilimenti di produzione dei prodotti tradizionali e regionali, nonch? la c.d. Lista dei Prodotti Tradizionali che serve a rendere i produttori sempre pi? consapevoli delle opportunit? e della protezione accordata dalla disciplina in esame. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:93-105 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34040&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003008 Number: 8 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agostino Severo Author-Name: Innocenzo Sandri Title: Il bilancio alimentare agricolo italiano nell?ultimo ventennio del ?900 Abstract: The Share of Agriculture in the Italian Nutritional Balance During The Last Two Decades of the 20th Century (by Innocenzo Sandri e Agostino Severo) - There are still no studies on the Italian nutritional balance in terms of the quantity and value of agricultural goods (the products of farming and stock breeding). In order to fill this gap we undertook the following research: An attempt to estimate the share of agricultural products in the nutritional balance of the Italian population (1980-2001). This article summarises some of the study?s most important results and covers consumption trends, the structure of the nutritional balance, and the current value of the following items: production, imports, exports, availability, and availability for internal use. Between 1980/82 and 1999/01 the consumption of agricultural goods has grown by 3,7%. As far as nutrients are concerned, there has been an increment of 1,9% (proteins: + 5,1%, lipids: + 17,6%, carbohydrates: -2,6%). The consumption of lipids has also increased, with a rise of 7,5% for those contained in animal fats, 25,9% for those found in olive oil, and 36,5% for lipids in oily seeds. Similarly, both the overall and daily per capita intake of calories have grown by 5,3% and 2,7% (from 3700 to 3800) respectively. This excludes calories ingested with fish, beer, and cocoa. In truth the real calorie intake even if still very high is lower, as the count above includes foods, and especially fats, that get discarded after the cooking process. With regard to current value trends, we identified five variations: quantity, quality, nominal price, inflation, and real price. We discovered a general slump in real prices, compared to variations in the current value, which is relatively more intense for imports than for production and exports. Our study highlighted also the following: international trade has been of paramount importance between 1981 and 2000; processed agricultural goods have been more dynamic than natural agricultural products; both the purchasing power (with the currency having the same purchasing power of 2001) of agricultural products and costs for importers have diminished, while proceeds for exporters have increased; the added value of product processing and distribution has grown faster than the value at origin for imports and especially exports. It derives from it that fluctuations of the agro-industrial trade balance are not indicative of fluctuations of the agricultural trade balance. Finally, it must be noticed that the structure of the balance is varied, with a lower incidence on the value of availability of both production value and internal availability over, respectively, imports and exports. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:107-130 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34041&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003009 Number: 9 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Maria Santucci Title: Imprese olivicole e certificazione biologica Abstract: Olive Oil Farms and Organic Certification (by Fabio Maria Santucci) - Organic produce has to be certified in order to be marketed as such. Certifying both the process and product is an obligation and an opportunity to gain premium price. 48 producers in six regions (Sicilia, Calabria, Puglia, Lazio, Toscana ed Umbria), who are licensed to bottle their organic olive oil, have been interviewed about their relationship with the Certification Bodies. These producers are young and educated, with average sized farms (total area of 37 ha, of which 16 ha olive groves), are market oriented, and also sell abroad, through several marketing channels. The CB is chosen firstly due to its experience and reliability, and secondly for its foreign accreditation. The main advantage found with certification was, especially in the South, the improvement of the firm?s image, while the costs of certification were the most negative aspects. All producers recognised the skills of the CB inspectors, who are considered trustworthy, but the whole system is seen as too rigid and a lack of communication is felt by many. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:131-140 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34042&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003010 Number: 10 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: n.d. Title: Indice dell'Annata 2007 Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:141-142 Volume: 2007/3 Year: 2007 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=34043&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:aimaim:v:html10.3280/Aim2007-003011 Number: 11