Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gervasio Antonelli Author-Name: Maurizio Canavari Author-Name: Annalisa De Boni Author-Name: Concetta Nazzaro Title: Editoriale Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:7-9 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49941&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003001 Number: 1 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Franz Author-Name: Florian Warburg Title: Guest editorial Value Chains - Linking Theory and Practice Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:11-14 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49942&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003002 Number: 2 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Dannenberg Title: The rise of supermarkets and challenges for small farmers in South African food value chains Abstract: After over 20 years the rise of supermarkets in South Africa continues and has now reached the rural and urban poor as new customer segments. Supermarkets are thereby also putting traditional and informal food vendors into increasing competition. However, traditional and informal distribution ways are so far the most important sales opportunities for millions of small farmers, which are mostly not capable to fulfil the requirements of the supermarket chains. This paper explains the actual developments in the South African food value chains, and resulting actual and future challenges for small-scale farmers in their national context. The study is based on a conceptual framework which links existing approaches on analysing the integration of small farms in supply chains in a South African context with the Global Value Chain approach. Classification-JEL: Q17, F63 Keywords: Note: Pages:15-34 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49943&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003003 Number: 3 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jutta Kister Title: Fair trade in Germany left the niche market. Power shifts observed in global fair trade value chains Abstract: Fair trade is a fast growing niche market in Europe. Producer and consumer are linked via global value chains, based on the idea of solidarity manifested in a variety of social, economic and increasingly ecological criteria. In the German market, double-digit percentage growth is achieved by augmenting quality and diversity of fair trade products and selling sealed products via supermarkets and discounters. In consequence, the global value chains are subject to change; new actors not belonging to the social movement are getting involved. New steps of value creation are being inserted into existing value chains or shifted along the value chain, primarily into the consumer?s country. As a consequence, power shifts from south to north are observed. This aspect leads to the question whether the fair-trade-movement is still changing the conventional world trade system "from within" or if it is selling its reputation as a price for growth by cooperating with the market actors it is criticising. In this article the results of a study are presented, focusing on value chains of fair trade food products on the German market and their changes over time, on the upcoming of various new highly processed composite goods and on the new possibility for manufacturers and discounters to certify their in-house brand products. Classification-JEL: Q17, F63 Keywords: Note: Pages:35-54 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49944&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003004 Number: 4 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Dannenberg Author-Name: Tobia Lakes Title: The use of mobile phones by Kenyan export-orientated small-scale farmers: insights from fruit and vegetable farming in the Mt. Kenya region Abstract: In recent years, mobile phones have become a common feature in business and society in Kenya and are increasingly used in farming. This is also the case for export-orientated small-scale farmers. The aim of this paper is to study the role of mobile phone use by Kenyan export-orientated small-scale fresh fruit and vegetable famers (ffv). We focus on farmers in the Mt. Kenya region using data from questionnaires and expert interviews. We identify four different types of exchange for which mobile phones are used by these farmers: 1. transactions, 2. information, 3. complex knowledge and 4. organization and networking. Our results suggest that the use of mobile phones can improve the farmers? possibilities for payment, production, marketing, and knowledge transfer, and their competitiveness and integration in international value chains. However, so far the advantages are mostly limited to simple communication and payment; the broad introduction of new applications (with the exception of mobile payment) has not yet taken place. Classification-JEL: Q17, F63 Keywords: Note: Pages:55-75 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49945&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003005 Number: 5 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luisa Vogt Title: The economic side of agrotourism: business performance and competitive factors Abstract: Agrotourism is often numbered among the promising diversification strategies in agriculture. At the same time, the competitive situation and performance drivers are quite unknown. Research often concentrates on the reasons for the decision for this form of diversification or the drivers of agrotourism development in general. Surveys on the impact of different (potential) driving factors on the business performance of agrotourism firms are lacking to a large extent. Based upon a case study in North Rhine-Westphalia (ger) the present study focuses this gap and aims at measuring the competitive situation at firm level and at explaining the business performance via different internal and external factors (n = 48). So, it could be shown that agrotourism is quite a competitive market segment. Significant and most important drivers of performance are investments in the past 20 years, presence and implementation of strategic management such as regular target monitoring and the adaptation of supply to specific target groups, furthermore marketing expressed in the annual marketing budget and in the use of quality marks. In addition, the quality of operations, the relative location to core resources and the active participation in networks foster business performance. Interestingly (and in contrast to hypotheses in literature), motivations of business owners have no bearing with performance issues. Moreover, typical governmental acts such as subsidies or building law restrictions neither foster nor hamper the competitive situation at a significant level. Thus, policy implications of this study in particular relate to a promotion of individual resources, especially management skills, of business owners. Research desiderata mainly refer to a larger sample size. Classification-JEL: L8, R11, Q13 Keywords: Note: Pages:77-102 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49946&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003006 Number: 6 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tatiana Bouzdine-Chameeva Author-Name: Coralie Rames-Briois Author-Name: Philippe Barbe Title: Les circuits de distribution des vins bio en France Abstract: Since 2006 the conversion of vineyards to organic or biodynamic vineyards has been accelerating in France, and the annual rate of conversion varies between 20- 25% per year, attaining the total surface of 61.055 ha of bio vineyards in 2011. This growth is even more striking in the light of the shrinking total surface of vineyards and the decreasing trend of wine consumption in France. In this challenging context, we attempt to analyze which of the classic wine distribution channels are conducive to French bio wine producers. The study is grounded in a series of interviews in several regions of France on a variety of distribution practices employed by natural wine producers. The research methodology employs content analysis and cognitive mapping technique. While the bio wine distribution system appears to be diversified and mobilizes all the classic channels, direct sales and export appear to be of particular relevance. Our findings confirm the impact of extra production costs (from 15 to 30%) on the choice of an appropriate channel. This extra production cost, explained mainly by higher labor costs and partly justified by the higher quality of wines, typically results in higher prices which the final consumer must pay. In this case direct sales could be seen the most remunerative as a producer?s margins are not squeezed in intermediate transactions. A closer relation between a producer and a consumer also adds value to the product: consumers perceive bio wine primarily as a wine, a cultural product which witnesses the diversity of terroirs. The presented analysis of bio wines distribution channels will allow practitioners to better adjust their distribution strategies. Classification-JEL: L66, Q13, M11 Keywords: Note: Pages:103-123 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49947&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003007 Number: 7 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pasquale Lombardi Author-Name: Fabio Verneau Title: Dinamiche di consumo ed evoluzione degli stili alimentari attraverso l?indagine istat sui consumi delle famiglie Abstract: The paper uses the 1973-2009 historical series on domestic food consumption, and analyzes the main changes in the structure of food consumption both at national and regional level. In the first part of the work, it is shown the main changes undergone by domestic food consumption basket relative to the eight main product categories consist of: bread and cereals, dairy products and eggs, meat, fishery and fish farming products, fruit vegetables and potatoes, drinks, coffee sugar and groceries, oils and fats. The evolution of the basket is discussed taking into account the main social and economic factors such as the territorial area, the number of members of the family, type of employment. In the second part of the paper the analysis is developed taking into account the regional data. In this case the objective was to compare the differences in the composition of the basket at the beginning and at the end of the observation period to assess how the specific consumption of the 20 Italian regions have developed. By means of a hierarchical cluster analysis, data from three-year periods 1973-75 and 2007-?09 were compared in an attempt to identify the existence of common evolutionary paths in the composition of spending and lifestyles in food. The analysis at regional level suggests the existence of an evolutionary path generating a a process of convergence of the shares of spending on an unique assortment for all regions. This evidence allows to hypothesize the gradual disappearance of the specific regional life style in foods and the birth of a common and strongly homologated style. Although the type of data used does not allow further consideration to analyze the reasons for this convergence, it seems reasonable to identify the pervasive presence of modern retail and widespread role of the media as the most responsible for this process. Finally it is possible to conclude that the disappearance of regional and specific food habits represent a net loss to the country, at least in terms of culture and. Classification-JEL: D120, M370 Keywords: Note: Pages:125-148 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49948&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003008 Number: 8 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuseppe Marotta Author-Name: Concetta Nazzaro Author-Name: Mariarosaria Simeone Title: Capitale umano e capitale sociale nell?agricoltura multifunzionale: un?analisi delle esperienze di filiera corta nella Campania interna Abstract: The attention to business networks, therefore to the business relationships among companies, supply chain operators, manufacturers and consumers, aimed at commercial transactions, exchange of information, sharing of norms and associations of resources become an asset in the definition of modern strategies of competitive advantage for agribusiness companies. In this perspective, the short chain represents an interesting business model network, rooted in the specific territorial context, which, through specific organizational characteristics and diversified multi-functional activities, is enhanced by human and social resources, internal and external (at the company), and able to act on the local aggregation process and territorial value creation. Share capital and human capital become, therefore, the determining factors for the effectiveness of the short food supply chain experiences, especially in the inland areas, and for wider dissemination and sharing of the value created. Aim of this work is an analysis of the functional relationships between social capital and human capital in farms, diversified and multifunctional, which have taken paths of short chain. For this purpose, the empirical verification aimed to investigate how the quality of human capital affects the effectiveness of relational networks and how it could lead to have impacts on the performance of short chain, improving its ability to create value for the enterprise and for the territory. The results of the study made possible to understand the mechanisms and the strategic variables of this innovative mode of direct governance of transactions between producer and consumer-citizen, in specific territorial rural systems, and to indicate useful policy implications. Classification-JEL: Q12, Q13, Q18, Q19, Q56 Keywords: Note: Pages:149-173 Volume: 15 Year: 2013 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=49949&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2013-003009 Number: 9