Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gervasio Antonelli Author-Name: Maurizio Canavari Author-Name: Annalisa De Boni Author-Name: Concetta Nazzaro Title: Editoriale Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:7-11 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50614&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001001 Number: 1 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rudiger Elsholz Author-Name: Johannes Harsche Title: Determinants of regional disparities in farm income: markets or policy? Abstract: In this paper, the focus is on regional disparities in agricultural income, particularly in the context of agricultural price fluctuations and the impact of agricultural policy. In a first step, a theoretical model explaining regional disparities in farming revenues is presented. The following chapter contains an illustration of the development of agricultural prices as well as farming income with and without support. Additionally, we give an overview of regional disparities with regard to the instability of farm revenues, considering the issue of the stabilization effects of the cap. Analysis of the instability of farm revenues with and without support due to the adoption of different policies has revealed that there are remarkable differences among several of the policy scenarios. In order to get some information on causalities, we investigate regional disparities in farm revenues and analyse the differences for crop and animal production. The results of this analysis indicate substantial disparities between farms located in geographically different types of regions. That is to say, farms located in favoured agricultural regions obviously generate higher revenues than farms located in regions having to operate in poor conditions. Furthermore, investigation into recent regional changes in farm revenues finds that farms with a more balanced farming strategy generate the highest increase in farm revenues. Classification-JEL: O18, Q11, Q18, R11, R12 Keywords: Note: Pages:13-36 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50615&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001002 Number: 2 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefano Ciliberti Author-Name: Angelo Frascarelli Title: L?obbligo dei contratti di cessione dei prodotti agricoli e alimentari: una valutazione degli effetti dell?articolo 62 della legge n. 27/2012 Abstract: In recent years, European farmers have been facing two new phenomena: agricultural commodity price volatility and a decrease in agricultural added value. These issues led the High Level Forum to censure low transparency in relationships between firms and frequently unfair commercial practices, after the European Commission had recognized that the agri-food supply chains were functioning imperfectly. Economic theory considers contracts as a means of coordinating entrepreneurs? decisions (e.g. in terms of time, quantity, prices and product quality). Nevertheless, in the presence of oligopsony, buyers use contracts to improve and exercise their market power, for example by imposing vertical restraints. This situation is typical of European food supply chains, where highly concentrated sectors (food industry and retail) use their bargaining power against agriculture. In this context, antitrust authorities and eu Member States have sought to resolve the situation by stipulating appropriate competition policy measures. In Italy, Law 27/2012 has recently introduced new mandatory rules regarding sales contracts for agriculture and food products, in order to increase trading transparency and reduce payment times. Using an embedded multiple-case study, carried out through interviews and direct observations, this article analyses the initial effects of the application of the law on the Italian agri-food system. Classification-JEL: Q13, Q18, L14 Keywords: Note: Pages:37-61 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50616&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001003 Number: 3 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Marescotti Author-Name: Alessandro Brazzini Title: L?utilizzo degli standard privati di qualit? nella gdo italiana. Il caso dello standard GlobalG.A.P. Abstract: Voluntary standards have gained in importance all over the world. The choice to set-up voluntary standards and their consequent widespread application came from the private stakeholders? need to gain the trust and increase the security on the part of consumers and agro-food actors. In particular, it was a result of the negative effects caused by several food scares and the public?s difficulty in reacting promptly and efficiently to agro-food changes. Since the late 1980s, this process has been growing significantly. As a result, the setting-up of significant numbers of standards and the wide-range they cover has mirrored an ongoing transformation in food safety and food quality management among international agro-food chains. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the reasons for the wide diffusion of private standards schemes within the Italian retail market as well as obstacles it faces through the study of the Global-Gap standards case. Global-Gap is a private sector body that proposes voluntary standards for the certification of agricultural production processes around the world. Unlike other standards, Global-Gap has succeeded in establishing itself as a leader, both in Europe and all around the world. Nonetheless, Global-Gap?s geographical distribution is not homogeneous either across territories or in firms? business strategies. The survey helped to explain the particular Italian paradox, which, on the one hand, shows a large number of farms implementing the Global-Gap standard, but, on the other hand, its relatively infrequent use by retailers operating in Italy when accrediting upstream actors. North European retailers, in contrast, adopt this standard as a sort of passkey for fruit and vegetable producers. Classification-JEL: Q13, L15 Keywords: Note: Pages:63-83 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50617&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001004 Number: 4 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandro Palmieri Author-Name: Carlo Pirazzoli Title: Modelli di sviluppo per il miglioramento della competitivit? economico-commerciale della filiera orto-frutticola italiana sui mercati nazionali ed internazionali: il caso del comparto pataticolo in Emilia-Romagna Abstract: The Italian fruit and vegetable supply chain has been in a critical situation for several years. In recent times this situation has been getting even worse, mainly on account of the general economic crisis, which has triggered strong price competition among the great retail chains, resulting in a fall in prices at farm level. In this situation, the potato supply chain has become one of the weakest among the fruit and vegetables sectors in Italy. Both at farm and processing-industry level Italy has several characteristics that make it virtually impossible to compete with large producers in central and northern Europe. Consequently, the potato supply chain has been continually forced to innovate and make sustained efforts to valorise and differentiate its product from the largely mass produced one that is offered in Europe. This paper focuses on a locality in the province of Bologna that is one of the most important in the potato sector in Italy. Its aim is to analyse the supply chain and identify ways to turn round the present situation, which has very narrow margins and is unsustainable in the long term. More particularly, the study shows empirically that an increase in the level of integration between the actors in the supply chain is absolutely essential. This includes both horizontal integration, by concentrating supply among the producer organizations, and vertical integration, by extending the contractual arrangements between producers and traders right up to the final link in the chain, the mass distribution retailers. Another type of horizontal integration the study suggests is so-called "organized direct selling", showing how this emerging form of selling can be more suitable for a vegetable such as the potato, than other forms of direct selling (farm selling, farmers? markets, etc.). Classification-JEL: Q11, Q12, Q13 Keywords: Note: Pages:85-116 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50618&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001005 Number: 5 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Val?rie Bossi Fedrigotti Author-Name: Christian Fischer Title: The supply chain of sweet chestnuts in South Tyrol Abstract: Italy is the largest producer of chestnuts in Europe and its most advanced and chestnut-oriented regions are Tuscany, Calabria, Campania and Piedmont. This study, however, focuses on the chestnut supply chain in South Tyrol (Alto Adige/S?dtirol), a northern province where chestnuts are currently of minor importance in relation to other crops, such as apples and grapes. Nevertheless, a small number of chestnut farmers still keep the historically-rooted tradition alive. A detailed survey of the chestnut supply chain, involving interviews with 138 producers, 49 distributors and 272 consumers revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the local niche market. Moreover, separate analysis of four sub-regions revealed that significant production and marketing heterogeneity exists. In orchard management, as well as in purchasing and consumption habits, three different local characteristics were identified: (i) around Merano commercial chestnut production and direct sales; (ii) around Bressanone chestnut wood production; and (iii) in the Valle Isarco the use of "chestnut trails" as spare time activities. New regional development strategies will therefore have to take into account geographical disparities when introducing innovations into this traditional agricultural activity. Classification-JEL: Q13 Keywords: Note: Pages:117-137 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50619&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001006 Number: 6 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sandro Sillani Author-Name: Alessandro Esposito Author-Name: Teresa Del Giudice Author-Name: Francesco Caracciolo Title: Le preferenze dei consumatori della provincia di Trieste per l?olio extra vergine di oliva d?alta gamma Abstract: Food quality is made up of a set of both intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics, including how these characteristics are guaranteed and communicated to end consumers. As a result, purchase choices are affected not only by elements such as taste and price, but also by the level of food safety, production process characteristics, nutritional aspects, origin and organic certification. In this paper we present the results of an analysis of consumer preferences for "Tergeste" dop extra virgin olive oil produced in the province of Trieste. The conjoint analysis method was used to assess the importance attached by consumers to the different attributes of the extra virgin oil olive. A cluster analysis was carried out on the utility scores estimated in the conjoint analysis to classify consumers into homogeneous groups (or segments) for whom different attributes were more important. A proposal for consumer segmentation and the definition of "ideal product" is therefore, presented in the study. The paper concludes with some reflections and suggestions for the valorization of "Tergeste" dop in which it is shown that the characteristics of demand are such as to make the policy of high prices, related to the quality policy of the product, practicable. Finally, through analysis of identified consumer segments, the possibility for producers to implement new strategies to improve sales development are reported. Classification-JEL: Q13, M31, D12, C19 Keywords: Note: Pages:139-155 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50620&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001007 Number: 7 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christine Mauracher Author-Name: Isabella Procidano Author-Name: Giovanna Sacchi Title: Customer satisfaction per l?innovazione dell?enoturismo in Veneto. Effetti delle nuove forme di integrazione turistica Abstract: In the last decades the phenomenon of wine tourism has shown a remarkable growth in several countries and continents of the world, from Australia through the United States to Europe, encouraging the interest of many scholars and producing a large volume of studies. According to the current debate, wine tourists expectations and preferences are likely to vary across regions as well as circumstances and it is not possible to identify a unique and stereotypical wine tourist, nor giving a unilateral definition of him or her behaviour (Charters and Ali-Knight, 2002; Bruwer et al., 2002; Alebaki and Iakovidou, 2010). If the attempt of identifying of a unique wine tourist is unrealistic, our contribution on wine tourism debate regards the proposal of a new line of research by analysing the customer satisfaction of wine tourists who chose to visit the production areas of Prosecco District in the Veneto Region. Therefore, our proposal joins the debate on wine tourism within two primary objectives: - to detect which are the determinants of wine tourism experience in the "Prosecco District"; and - to analyse the customer satisfaction level of wine tourists. The study explore the demand of wine tourists at different stage of their experience. In particular, the research is focused on identifying which are the preferences and needs of wine tourists that decide to visit Prosecco production territories, taste and buy local products. Furthermore, it is analysed tourists? satisfaction with their experience to understand if some aspects or services should be innovated and/or improved. A web survey was administrated among wine tourists that subscribed to specific newsletters (i.e. Movimento del turismo del vino, Associazione Strada del Prosecco, wine companies newsletter etc.). There have been reached approximately 7.000 Italian and international tourists and wine tourist and there have been collected 400 questionnaires. The sample of people that already had an experience in the "Prosecco District" is composed by 200 people and they are compared to the remaining 200 individuals by the logistic regression (logit) model. This statistical model allows to understand which variables determine more than others a wine tourism experience in the considered area. In general terms, the results of the logit show that having more than 60 years, having planned another wine tourism experience, consuming often Prosecco and being a foreign tourist are the determinants of visiting the Prosecco District. The study give a complete picture of wine tourists? motivating factors, characteristic and satisfaction of the sample in order to have a broader snapshot of the current situation in the considered area. Our findings will increase from one hand the level of knowledge of tourists? preferences and, from the other, they will help in matching tourists? expectations and needs. Having a broad and complete picture of wine tourists? motivating factors, characteristic and satisfaction, indeed, will allow firms to position adequately into the market. Classification-JEL: D12, C13, Q13 Keywords: Note: Pages:157-178 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50621&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001008 Number: 8 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emilio Ferrari Title: Creating Value in the Durum Wheat Supply Chain: the Barilla experience in Contract Farming in Italy Abstract: Barilla is an Italian Family company founded in Parma more than 130 years ago. It is now the leading company in the world pasta market. Durum Wheat is the main raw material with a total consumption of around 1.5 Million tons per year. Due to the limited world production of around 30 Million tons the durum wheat market is susceptible to specific risks regarding Supply Security, Quality Security and Price Volatility. Barilla has developed a detailed analysis of these risks and specific tools to mitigate them: Geographical diversification of Durum wheat origins, Stock management, Cross Financial hedging with other cereals markets, and Cultivation Contracts. This last tool consists of a vertical integration in the supply chain starting from plant-breeding companies, through farming organizations, offering farmers specific premiums in order to improve the quality and safety of the durum wheat grown close to Barilla mills, creating value along the whole supply chain. This approach also helps to improve durum wheat cultivation practices and sustainability of the crop from the economic and environmental standpoints. Classification-JEL: Q11, Q13, Q14 Keywords: Note: Pages:179-188 Volume: 16 Year: 2014 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=50622&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:ecaqec:v:html10.3280/ECAG2014-001009 Number: 9