Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luigi De Paoli Author-Name: Francesco Gull? Title: Bilancio della liberalizzazione del mercato dell'elettricit? e del gas in Italia: 1999-2009 Abstract: Ten years after the liberalization of the electricity and gas market in Italy it is possible to draw an evaluation of the achievements. The three key objectives of the single market mentioned in the original proposal of the European Commission have been achieved differently in the power market and in the gas sector. The exchanges with foreign countries has increased in the gas sector, but not in the electricity. The security of supply in both sectors has grown thanks to the investments. The price for final consumers has two parts: the competitive and the regulated one. The industrial component has only marginally decreased. Instead the costs for network utilization diminished more sensibly due to regulator intervention. The convergence of Italian prices compared to those in Europe was more modest in the electricity than in the gas sector. The industrial structure in both sectors has changed a lot. Much more players are operating now and the degree of concentration in all segments fell. This announces an increase in competition. Finally, there was a significant international opening both because some Italian companies have made significant investments abroad and because many foreign companies, especially European, are now present in the Italian energy market. Classification-JEL: D40, D78, K23, L11, L22, L94 Keywords: Liberalizzazione, politica energetica, industria elettrica, industria del gas, mercato, regolamentazione, prezzi, struttura industriale Note: Pages:5-38 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41927&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2010-002001 Number: 1 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlo Stagnaro Author-Name: Federico Testa Title: Nucleare, "modello finlandese" e mercato: una strada percorribile per l?Italia? Abstract: Con la legge n. 99 del 2009, l?Italia ha fatto il primo passo verso il ritorno alla produzione di energia nucleare sul proprio territorio. Questo articolo intende valutare la compatibilit? del nucleare con un mercato elettrico liberalizzato facendo riferimento al caso della Finlandia e alle soluzioni ivi adottate. In secondo luogo confronta le indicazioni che emergono da questo esame con le scelte compiute e da compiere da parte del governo italiano. Infine formula alcune proposte di policy per rendere compatibile gli investimenti in centrali nucleari con l?attuale organizzazione del mercato elettrico soggetta alle direttive europee. Classification-JEL: L94, L98, Q48, M21 Keywords: Energia nucleare, mercato elettrico, legge nucleare, liberalizzazione, Italia, Finlandia Note: Pages:39-55 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41928&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2010-002002 Number: 2 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susanna Dorigoni Author-Name: Federico Pontoni Title: Ownership Separation of the Gas Transportation Network: Theory and Practice Abstract: This article analyzes the pros and cons of ownership separation of the gas transportation network. This analysis is made with a specific test that confronts two pairs of different theoretical approaches on vertical integration. The result of this test shows that no uncontroversial solution can be offered to this problem, since all arguments (be them in favour or against) can be comfortably contrasted by a counterargument. In our view, an effective regulation would solve the problem, even though it has to be highlighted that ownership separation of the gas transportation network is not the key aspect of the gas industry. EU directives, in fact, cannot be applied where the biggest part of the value chain is produced, that is to say beyond the European borders, where an oligopoly operates. Due to its bargaining power, this oligopoly captures almost all the scarcity rent, reducing the scope for market liberalization. Classification-JEL: L13, L42, L95 Keywords: Separazione proprietaria, chiusura verticale, capacit? negoziale Note: Pages:57-83 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41929&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2010-002003 Number: 3 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miron Mushkat Author-Name: Roda Mushkat Title: Environmental governance in China: taking policy instruments seriously Abstract: The Chinese authorities have traditionally responded slowly and indecisively to threats to the ecosystem. The pace may be accelerating and a sense of urgency may be beginning to crystallize, a pattern that may be charted properly only if the tools relied upon by the government for this purpose are dissected rigorously. Such an exercise reveals that the approach pursued has been excessively narrow, generally overlooking a wide range of contextual factors. Methodological vehicles designed to capture and manage their impact in business settings may serve as a possible model in seeking conceptual refinement, but they may need to be adjusted to reflect public sector dynamics and specific socio-political conditions. Classification-JEL: F55, K32, Q10, Q38, Q53 Keywords: Strumenti, paradigmi, politiche pubbliche, approccio contestuale, proceduralismo, costruttivismo, contingentismo Note: Pages:85-101 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41930&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2010-002004 Number: 4 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Iafolla Author-Name: Massimiliano Mazzanti Author-Name: Francesco Nicolli Title: Rifiuti generati, rifiuti in discarica ed efficacia delle politiche ambientali in Europa Abstract: Si presentano varie analisi empiriche sul disaccoppiamento tra dinamiche di generazione e conferimento in discarica dei rifiuti e crescita economica, integrate da disamine sulla efficacia delle politiche ambientali europee, utilizzando un dataset originale che integra fonti EUROSTAT con indicatori di policy nel periodo 1995-2007 per l?Europa a 15. Si riscontra un delinking assoluto, con vari effetti che mostrano l?efficacia delle politiche introdotte in Europa da met? anni novanta, per il conferimento in discarica, ma non per la generazione dei rifiuti, associata ad una elasticit? rispetto al reddito in calo, ma ancora positiva. Le politiche come da attese non hanno avuto effetti sull?obiettivo di riduzione della generazione dei rifiuti, che ancora cresce e crescer? nei prossimi anni. La densit? di popolazione ? un fattore strutturale che appare ridurre sia generazione sia conferimento in discarica. Tuttavia, come da attese, l?eterogeneit? tra paesi gioca un ruolo importante. Modelli panel SURE evidenziano come le regolarit? statistiche medie europee nascondano spesso specificit? che consentono di raggruppare i paesi in base alle diverse performance sulla relazione rifiuti-crescita economica, mettendo anche in luce il rischio di recoupling. Le analisi empiriche panel con fini di analisi ex post delle politiche mostrano di poter avere una forte rilevanza nel supporto alla implementazione e modulazione nazionale delle future politiche sui rifiuti in Europa. Classification-JEL: C23, Q38, Q56 Keywords: Curve di Kuznets, produzione di rifiuti, disaccoppiamento, discariche dei rifiuti Note: Pages:103-135 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41931&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2010-002005 Number: 5 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paolo Nardi Title: The Interplay between the European Commission, Member States and Utilities in the Debate on Transmission Network Unbundling Abstract: A long debate among European Commission and Member States brought to the final approval of the third package on energy (June 2009). This work firstly introduces an overview of the principal acts and positions of the major players involved in the decision making process of the third package. Three different scenarios or models are suggested, according to the scholars? suggestions, to interpretate the debate: a pure pro-market model, capture by lobbies of hybridised utilities or a struggle for geopolitical supremacy. Afterwards these models are checked on the base of the main positions and comments of the EC members, the MS and the Utilities, as emerged from an analysis of documents, press releases, interviews and articles across 2007 and 2008. Conclusions point out that the debate on unbundling can be interpreted as a struggle for supremacy, because the EC which aims at a stronger role inside and outside its borders on energy policy. Integration of energy markets can be considered as a first step for the centralization of energy policy: afterwards, the essential role of energy for the development of the contemporary society will increase the EU polity?s importance respect to national states. Classification-JEL: L52, L94 Keywords: Unbundling, Europeanization, politica energetica Note: Pages:137-158 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41932&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2010-002006 Number: 6 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paolo D'Ermo Title: Le prospettive del settore energetico mondiale secondo il World Energy Congress di Montreal 2010 Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:159-170 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41933&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2010-002007 Number: 7 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: n.d. Title: Abstracts Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:159-170 Volume: Year: 2010 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=41934&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/Efe2010-002008 Number: 8