Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Gull? Title: Investments projects in natural gas distribution in Italy: A model of social cost-benefit analysis Abstract: The territory of Italy is divided into 177 distribution areas each of them will be auctioned. The regulation of these tenders requires to integrate the economic and technical offers with specific social cost-benefit analyses (CBA) proving the benefits of the different proposed investments in natural gas distribution facilities. This paper proposes an original method to carry out such a social cost-benefit analysis taking into account the different typologies of investments and namely projects to connect new customers, projects to increase security of supply, projects to improve service quality and finally investments to reduce the risk of severe accidents. An overall formula is also proposed in order to account for the possible combinations of the projects mentioned above. Classification-JEL: Q4, Q5, H23, H43 Keywords: Note: Pages:5-25 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59748&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003001 Number: 1 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59748 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian de Perthuis Author-Name: Patrice Geoffron Title: The Paris Agreement: From diplomatic success to effective implementation Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:27-29 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59749&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003002 Number: 2 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian de Perthuis Title: The Paris Agreement and the "free rider" Abstract: With the announcement on 1 June 2017 of the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, Donald Trump acted in accordance with his strategy of support for fossil energies. The withdrawal in no way facilitates the reorientation of federal energy policy, which will come up against many domestic barriers and economic laws. In the medium term, the risk is that through a contagion effect, other major fossil energy producers will turn away from the agreement, thereby increasing the number of free riders. On the other hand, this withdrawal could be the catalyst for renewed solidarity among the countries remaining in the agreement, leading variously to a rapid strengthening of monitoring and reporting rules, particularly in emerging countries; the extension of carbon pricing, promoted perhaps by a reinvigorated Europe determined to put an end to the disintegration of its CO2 trading system; and an increased financial effort to offset the likely drying up of US contributions. A paradox of history: this new American turnaround could possibly result in the correction of the weaknesses of an agreement based too exclusively on reliance on mutual trust and the goodwill of its parties. Classification-JEL: F55, Q54 Keywords: Note: Pages:31-44 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59750&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003003 Number: 3 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59750 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan B. Wiener Title: Climate policy in the new US Administration Abstract: During the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump promised to "cancel" the Paris Agreement. On 1 June 2017, he announced his intention to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. More generally, the new Trump administration has been vocal about changing US climate and environmental policies. This paper reviews these proposed changes, potential obstacles, and possible future paths. These include US membership in the Paris Agreement, the US NDC submitted to the Paris Agreement, and US domestic policies such as the EPA "Clean Power Plan" and other agency rules. So far, the Trump administration has taken some steps, but it has not made final policy changes. Its attempts at policy changes will take time, perhaps several years to withdraw from Paris and to conduct new agency rulemakings. They may be challenged by others, such as in other countries, in Congress, in the States, and in court. Litigation could seek to require agencies to justify their policy changes, to carry out statutory responsibilities, to use a social cost of carbon, and to protect the public trust. The effects of potential policy changes on the economy, emissions, and international relations remain to be seen. Beyond policy changes that may be made by the Trump administration, EPA and other agencies, another path may be through new legislative action in Congress. One avenue to seek bipartisan support for legislation in Congress might be a deal to remove EPA regulatory authority over greenhouse gases while also simultaneously adopting a new carbon tax. Climate policy is not determined by a single decision maker, but evolves in a complex web of institutions, with moves and countermoves by multiple actors Classification-JEL: F55, K32, Q54 Keywords: Note: Pages:45-61 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59751&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003004 Number: 4 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59751 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ZhongXiang Zhang Title: The implementation of the Paris Agreement in the international and China?s context Abstract: With Paris behind us, the focus is now turning to the implementation of the Paris Agreement. This article discusses post-Paris implementation issues both in the international context and in China?s context. These affect the post Paris negotiations and hold the key to achieving desired outcomes. The article ends with some remarks on a cloud cast over climate deal with the unexpected victory of Donald Trump. Classification-JEL: F55, Q54 Keywords: Note: Pages:63-69 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59752&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003005 Number: 5 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59752 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Teresa Ribera Author-Name: Thomas Spencer Author-Name: Davide Levai Title: Implementing the Paris Agreement in an uncertain world: Can the election of Donald Trump reshuffle the climate diplomacy? Abstract: While the trends represented by the US withdrawal decision raises concerns for the climate agenda, three strategies could maintain the momentum on climate change after Paris. Firstly, in order to respond to the contagion effect at a critical time, new coalitions and forums, whether formal or informal, will need to emerge. Secondly, new narratives will be required to anchor climate change in the national interests of major players, ranging from concerns related with American prosperity and innovation, industrial leadership and job competition with China, local air, ground and water pollution, - Thirdly, it is crucial to carefully implement the stocktaking exercise in 2018. If countries manage to overachieve their targets, it will demonstrate the resilience of the climate regime, and give leaders the political space to be more ambitious in the next round of contributions. Classification-JEL: F55, Q54 Keywords: Note: Pages:71-77 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59753&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003006 Number: 6 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Criqui Author-Name: Sandrine Mathy Title: The pragmatic approach of the Paris Agreement: The role of INDCs and deep decarbonization pathways Abstract: This paper analyzes the renewal of the intellectual constructs that have contributed to the Paris Agreement. In this paradigm shift, the concept of Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) has created the space in which Nation-states have been free to engage in the process while setting their own goals for the medium term. A second key concept, the Deep Decarbonization Pathways (DDP), although less institutionalized, has been an effective tool to describe how these medium-term national targets were likely to fit into a longer-term perspective of global mitigation scenarios as studied in particular by the IPCC. The dialectical interaction between these two concepts should result in a more ambitious definition of national climate objectives and consequently in the design and implementation of stronger national climate policies. Classification-JEL: F55, Q54. Keywords: Note: Pages:79-87 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59754&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003007 Number: 7 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59754 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlo Signorelli Author-Name: Anna Odone Author-Name: Stefano Capolongo Author-Name: Maddalena Buffoli Author-Name: Marcello Tirani Author-Name: Denis Grasso Author-Name: Edoardo Croci Title: Maintenance and efficiency of heating systems to reduce air pollution: Evaluation of a community-based campaign to change energy behaviors in an Italian province Abstract: Energy efficiency information campaigns are key to promote energy savings and reduction of air pollutants. The study?s aim is to assess the impact of an information campaign on heating systems maintenance implemented in a province of Northern Italy conducted developing ad hoc communication material, including posters, brochures, online advertising and media com-munication. Our analysis considered selected outcomes over the period 2008-2014. We report decreasing heating systems irregularities (from 52% to 31%; p<0.05), decreasing reported ?lack of maintenance? (from 23.3% to 12.2%; p<0.05), decreasing of other non-compliances (location: -62.5%, p<0.05, ventilation: -72.4%, p<0.05, among others) as well as decreasing fines to users (from 229/year to 137/year). These results support the hypothesis that campaigns to improve energy efficiency behavior could be considered as appropriate measures to promote and facilitate an efficient use of energy by small energy customers. Classification-JEL: Q52, I18, Q51 Keywords: Note: Pages:89-98 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59755&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003008 Number: 8 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59755 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Federico Pontoni Author-Name: Daniel Vecchiato Author-Name: Francesco Marangon Author-Name: Tiziano Tempesta Author-Name: Stefania Troiano Title: Choice experiments and environmental taxation: An application to the Italian hydropower sector Abstract: This paper represents the first attempt to simulate the introduction of an incentive-based environmental tax to the hydropower sector. As hydropower can negatively affect fluvial ecosystems, the paper shows how to design and determine per unit tax values for a taxation system that would then be able to provide producers with incentives to opt for more environmentally friendly solutions. The simulation is carried out in the Province of Sondrio (home to 20% of the Italian hydropower production). First, the paper determines the monetary value of the fluvial ecosystem by means of a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE); then, it compares the models estimated in WTP and preference spaces in order to opt for the most effective punctual values to be used as inputs in a newly designed incentive-based environmental tax; finally, it simulates the effects of the introduction of such a tax to a real case. According to our results, the magnitude of the environmental tax is such that it would certainly stimulate environmentally friendly production, without hindering operators? profitability. Classification-JEL: H23, Q25, Q26, Q38, Q51 Keywords: Note: Pages:99-118 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59756&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003009 Number: 9 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59756 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dian Rarassanti Author-Name: Alin Halimatussadiah Author-Name: Fithra Faisal Hastiadi Author-Name: Pyan Putro S. A. Muchtar Title: Does piped water improve the welfare of poor households? Abstract: The use of improved water sources could affect households? welfare in the form of better health quality. The number of households that have access to piped water, an acknowledged type of improved drinking water sources, is very low in Indonesia due to low investment in water infrastructure. For poor households, access to piped water is essential as the ability to pay for other kinds of clean water is weak. This study aims to examine the impact of the use of piped water on households? welfare by looking at the difference between the welfare score of households that are connected to piped water and that of those who are not. The two groups are selected using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The study employs Central Bureau of Statistics household survey data in South Tangerang City, Banten Province. The result shows that the welfare of piped water consumers is significantly higher than the non-consumers. To expand the program, we recommend that the government should put more effort to make drinking water with pipeline distribution system more accessible to poor households by subsidizing them. Classification-JEL: C21, L95, Q25 Keywords: Note: Pages:119-134 Volume: 2016/3 Year: 2016 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=59757&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:efeefe:v:html10.3280/EFE2016-003010 Number: 10 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=59757