Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincenzo Alfano Title: Anatomy of social security contribution evasion in Italy Abstract: This work presents an estimate of social security contribution evasion (SSCE) for different job categories and job sectors in Italy, among 1995 and 2016. The evasion is computed as share of the work-force that did not pay social security contribution, not as monetary evasion. The author finds a stationary trend in the size of the SSCE over time, and some significative differences in the different sectors and in the different Italian regions. The average SSCE for Italy in the 1995-2016 period is 0.149, an evasion of around 15 percent of the workforce in the social security contributions of a representative sample of Italian population, calculated on over 26,000 observations. SSCE is a well-known issue all around the world. It is a highly sensitive topic, and it is been suggested that given the aging of the population and the increasing flexibility of the work, its importance is going to increase. It is particularly interesting in a country such as Italy, where there is a huge underground economy that affects the country. Even though economists have studied the determinant and the effect of tax evasion (Allingham and Sandmo, 1972) since half a century, very few works have specifically focused on the implication of contribution evasion for social security schemes (Bailey, 2001; McGillivray, 2002) and on the determinants of contribution evasion (Bailey, 1997), especially with a quantitative approach. This work aims to contribute to the literature on SSCE, which has his own specificities that makes it different from tax evasion, offering a series of descriptive statistics on SSCE in Italy in the last twenty years. The two main goals of this study are to estimate SSCE in Italy for the different job categories, in different work sectors and in all the Italian regions between 1995 and 2016 and to provide some insights about the main causes of SSCE. In a nutshell, the findings of the author show that the highest SSCE is among self-employed and temporary worker active in the household services, building and agriculture sectors. Instead for the geographical distribution concerns, Southern Italian regions register a higher SSCE than Centre and North of Italy. The trend over the period 1998-2016 of SSC evasion is pretty much stable, while there is a gap with the 1995 estimate. Classification-JEL: E26, H20, H55 Keywords: Note: Pages:7-37 Volume: 2020/2 Year: 2020 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=66766&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:epepep:v:html10.3280/EP2020-002001 Number: 1 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=66766 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luigi Benfratello Author-Name: Giuseppe Sorrenti Author-Name: Gilberto Turati Title: Tracking in the tracks in the Italian public schooling: Inequality patterns in an urban context Abstract: We study whether, alongside with an explicit tracking system separating students in general versus vocational curricula typical in European countries, the Italian highly centralised public schooling is also characterised by another implicit tracking system, typical of the US, separating students mostly by ability and income within the same track. We pursue this aim by considering the municipality of Turin, a post-industrialised urban context in Northern Italy. We proxy students? ability and skills with the score obtained at the standardised admission test at the School of Economics and Business of the local university. We find evidence of heterogeneity across tracks and schools within the same track, which suggests that the inequality patterns common in the Italian schooling system are affected by both types of tracking. We then discuss the potential sources of this US-style tracking, namely self-selection of better students in better schools, observed and unobserved school characteristics and income stratification. As for the role of income, we find limited evidence of residential segregation, but students from better socio-economic backgrounds travel more, exploiting information on school quality. Classification-JEL: I24, I28, R23 Keywords: Note: Pages:39-70 Volume: 2020/2 Year: 2020 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=66767&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:epepep:v:html10.3280/EP2020-002002 Number: 2 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=66767 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Di Carpegna Brivio Title: Il Parlamento dai controlli alla valutazione delle politiche pubbliche Abstract: L?articolo evidenzia come la storica marginalit? delle funzioni parlamentari di controllo stia lasciando il posto a una crescente consapevolezza circa la necessi-t? di utilizzare l?istituzione della rappresentanza nazionale come il luogo in cui sviluppare la trasparenza del processo decisionale, la definizione dei livelli di re-sponsabilit? e la verifica dei risultati concretamente prodotti. La valutazione del-le politiche pubbliche, come scienza che favorisce una costante circolarit? tra analisi scientifica e decisione politica viene indicata come uno strumento di rin-novamento fondamentale. Classification-JEL: D72, H70, H72 Keywords: Parlamento, politiche pubbli-che Note: Pages:71-87 Volume: 2020/2 Year: 2020 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=66768&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:epepep:v:html10.3280/EP2020-002003 Number: 3 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=66768 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Michieli Title: Il "dialogo sociale" nella costruzione asimmetrica dell?Unione Europea, tra battute d?arresto e rilanci Abstract: Nel processo di integrazione europea l?avanzamento del "dialogo sociale" e la tutela dei diritti sociali sono sempre andati di pari passo. L?armonizzazione "nel progresso" sostenuta dalle parti sociali europee si ? per? arrestata con la gestione della crisi del 2008 e con le scelte comunitarie di governance economica. Il con-tributo, dopo aver ripercorso la genesi della concertazione sociale europea e il suo attuale stato di paralisi, mette in rilevo la necessit? di un nuovo corso del "dialo-go sociale" che, con l?approvazione de Pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali, possa ridefinire l?equilibrio tra libert? e diritti nel mercato unico europeo Classification-JEL: J50, H75, H77 Keywords: Dialogo sociale, Pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali, Unione Europea, diritti sociali Note: Pages:89-104 Volume: 2020/2 Year: 2020 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=66769&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:epepep:v:html10.3280/EP2020-002004 Number: 4 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudia Peiti Author-Name: Cesare Vignocchi Title: Regolazione salariale e sistemi retributivi: il caso delle Utility in Italia Abstract: Great Recession has put pressure on wage regulation systems in Italian industries, creating a significant differentiation that leaded to a divergence in terms of wage dynamics, which contrasts with the common trend recorded in the previous decade. At the same time, with the new mechanism linked to the net HICP and introduced in 2009 to regulate contractual renewals, there has been a constant overestimation of future inflation. In assessing this evidence, should be considered not only the alleged escaped risks of a deflationary spiral, but also the actual risks that have arisen in terms of competitiveness deficits. In this paper, the authors explore wage regulation in a long-term perspective, analyzing trends over the past twenty years. Limits and potentials of national statistics are underlined, showing the advantages of further sectoral surveys. This is the case of the survey issued by Utilitalia (Industrial Association of Public Utilities), used here to analyze pay systems on three economic sectors of primary interest: Electricity, Gas-Water and Environmental Services. It is also an example of how detailed data can be used to create a management tool for companies. Classification-JEL: 31, E31, J52, J58, K23 Keywords: Differenziali retributivi, contrattazione nazionale e integrativa utilities Note: Pages:105-133 Volume: 2020/2 Year: 2020 Issue:2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=66770&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:epepep:v:html10.3280/EP2020-002005 Number: 5 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=66770