Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Levy Orelli Author-Name: Filippo Zanin Title: Governing the firm: Innovation, performance and risk Abstract: The article analyses the most recent challenges for governing the firms in the present post-pandemic scenario. In that context, it is central to understand how management control operates, providing insights concerning the intersection between accounting, organisational and social aspects. A realistic view of the different issues is imperative for governing the firm. All the private, public and non-profit organizations need to gather together innovation, performance and risks with a specific balance to face the next two years of challenges to recover from the pandemic, hopefully, completely. In the present special issue all the research papers offer insights about at list one out of the different challenges, contributing to the advancement of knowledge related to drivers and barriers for governing the firm. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:5-14 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69334&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1001 Number: 1 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69334 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuseppe Catturi Title: Potere aziendale, pandemia e smart working Abstract: This study discusses the social, economic, and environmental consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author analyzes how power could manifest in the firm and how certain traditional concepts related to its existence could be altered. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed not only the theoretical paradigms but also the structures of the firm, boosting the spread of information technology in every managerial aspect, especially the self-styled smart working. The widespread use of technology promotes individual and collective freedom, but it can also become a tool of oppression of the individual will lead to unacceptable inequality among those who can use technology and those who are excluded from it. The cultural growth should tend to set up a grid of values that can ensure an integral development of individuals and organizations through rational and responsible use of information technology tools. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:15-38 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69335&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1002 Number: 2 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69335 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Domenica Lavorato Author-Name: Rita Lamboglia Author-Name: Daniela Mancini Title: La relazione tra rischio reputazionale e controllo-guida: possibili linee di ricerca Abstract: The purpose of this research is to conduct an explorative study regarding the relationship between reputational risk and management control. The paper analyses the existing literature through two steps. First, the authors perform a bibliometric analysis of 238 papers in order to capture the literature basic information, such as the most productive authors and their geographical distribution, variations across publication years, and major journals. Then, the authors conduct a systematic literature review across the 28 most-cited articles of our collection. Findings show that scientific studies linking control to reputational risk mainly adopt an audit and risk management approach, delivering a structured picture made up of actions, processes, and tools for mitigating and monitoring the reputational risk. Little attention is paid to a control approach guided by predefined objectives, targets, and key performance indicators. The analysis reveals a wider diversification of topics in the research field. Furthermore, the analysis also reveals not only the absence of an integrated framework capable of constituting a mechanism for guiding and directing the activity of management but also the absence of a valid support for decision-making processes. This study helps to understand how reputational risk and management control studies evolve, and the direction these studies currently take, thereby identifying available avenues for future research. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:39-64 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69336&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1003 Number: 3 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69336 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riccardo Giannetti Author-Name: Lino Cinquini Author-Name: Mario Rapaccini Title: La valutazione degli investimenti in industria 4.0: oltre l?old wine in new bottles Abstract: Industry 4.0 technologies significantly impact business models, competitive strategies and the configuration of production systems. The evaluation of the economic and financial impacts is problematic since these technologies are complex and heterogeneous. Furthermore, these technologies can be combined in various manners, generating unpredictable effects that bring about a great deal of uncertainty in the evaluation process. There is a need to assess both the monetary and non-monetary aspects of introducing these technologies, especially in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that frequently have less sophisticated management accounting systems. This article presents an evaluation model and examines how this model has been developed in collaboration with different stakeholders, shedding light on various tangible and intangible aspects under assessment and the computational aspects of the evaluation. The results show that to conceive a model with a satisfactory degree of fit, its structure must be aligned with the specific context, particularly with the cultural and technical profile of the user. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:65-90 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69337&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1004 Number: 4 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69337 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enzo Bivona Title: Il dynamic business modelling per lo sviluppo e la prevenzione delle crisi delle piattaforme multi-sided Abstract: Over the last few decades, the sharing economy diffusion has implemented continuous changes in business model opportunities with multi-sided platforms (MSPs). MSPs are digital exchange platforms that connect unmatched demand and supply side participants through internet technology. Success examples of such businesses are Airbnb, Amazon, Uber, and Just Eat. However, in many cases, such initiatives also experience high growth followed by a rapid failure. Due to MSPs peculiar and complex characteristics, this study suggests adopting the dynamic business modeling (DBM) perspective. The DBM aims to make explicit reinforcing and balancing cause-and-effect relationships among strategic resources, value drivers, and firm performance. The paper illustrates the DBM application through a case study of a failed MSP (Take Eat Easy). Findings show that the DBM can effectively support MSP entrepreneurs to develop performance measurement systems and to identify strategy levers on which to act in order to strengthen favorably (or to weaken, which is not desired) value creation and value capture processes to maintain rapid growth (or to avoid failure) over time. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:91-113 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69338&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1005 Number: 5 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69338 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Sorrentino Author-Name: Pasquale Ruggiero Author-Name: Riccardo Mussari Title: Performance e co-produzione dei servizi pubblici: la problematica della misurazione Abstract: The article explores how public administrations develop co-produced public services performance measurement, addressing a relevant turning point in the literature on public services co-production. The authors adopt the single-case study methodology, and the investigation is guided by key theoretical concepts for analysing performance measurement in public administrations. The empirical setting is a participatory security practice implemented by a Tuscan municipality. The security practice is an example of collective co-production. Results from document analysis and interviews with key actors highlight how performance measurement is anchored to how the co-production practice is experienced. This paper advances the knowledge on co-production of public services and delivers practical contributions through empirical evidence on how co-production works in practice and how public administrations can measure the co-production results. Finally, a deeper dialogue between scholars and practitioners is encouraged to help both perspectives and backgrounds build systematic and valuable performance measures for co-produced public services. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:115-141 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69339&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1006 Number: 6 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69339 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrico Deidda Gagliardo Author-Name: Luca Papi Author-Name: Giorgia Gobbo Author-Name: Riccardo Ievoli Title: Qualit? e coerenza degli strumenti di programmazione e rendicontazione delle performance dei Ministeri Abstract: This research evaluates the programmatic and reporting quality, and related coherence, within the performance cycle. First, the paper investigates the programmatic quality of performance plans for the 13 Ministries related to the 2019-2021 performance cycle. For this research, programmatic quality is defined as suitability to carry out the management and the responsibility for the stakeholders. The authors have studied the draft methods and contents of the above-mentioned performance plans with regard to organizational and individual performance. Adopting the same methods, this paper analyzes the reporting quality of eight Ministries performance reports issued in 2019. Finally, the paper analyzes the methodological coherence between these documents. Methodological coherence is defined as the alignment between the structure and contents of performance plans and the reports. The main results show a high level of quality related to the documents? formal aspects and a low level of quality related to their content. With the exception of two cases, the level of coherence remains unsatisfactory due to several issues with the report. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:143-163 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69340&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1007 Number: 7 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69340 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Berardi Author-Name: Laurie Mook Author-Name: Michele A. Rea Title: Third sector accounting reform and integrated social accounting for Italian social economy organizations Abstract: This paper provides a detailed description of the new Italian social accounting rules and guidelines that the Government issued during the last four years. The application of the new law and guidelines requires new skills and knowledge for implementation. The new skills and knowledge are helpful for large organizations and also for medium and small ones that recognize the importance of using these tools (financial reporting, social reporting, social impact assessment) for improving their efficiency and effectiveness. Integrated social accounting may be helpful in this regard, and as such, the authors pose the research question: Is the integrated social accounting model (ISA model) applicable to the new accounting rules and innovations introduced by the law and guidelines for the Italian third sector entities? Are Italian non-profit organizations ready for these accounting innovations? The authors also pay attention to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2030) and social impact assessment (SIA). Using the case study method, the authors provide initial evidence from an Italian social economy organization, a food bank, implementing tools of social accounting that consider essential aspects of performance measurement and control and its impact on the economy, society, and the environment. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:165-188 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69341&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1008 Number: 8 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69341 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franco Cescon Author-Name: Luca Grassetti Title: Financial control and business strategy in start-up companies: An empirical analysis Abstract: This article focuses on the relationship between financial control (FC) techniques and business strategies (BSs). The context of the study is start-up companies in Italy, and the main motivation to consider this context is the very limited extant literature. The authors performed a survey to collect quantitative data from start-up companies, and they also complemented the survey with a series of interviews to collect qualitative data. Results show that the use of different FC techniques does not depend on BSs. As a strategic risk factor, the authors also show that reputation risk differs significantly between the two strategy-based groups, differentiation strategy group and focus strategy group. The interviews conducted with expert entrepreneurs aimed at determining the importance of specific FC techniques and the benefits of adopting them in start-up companies. Overall, the article provides new evidence for the debate about the role of FC techniques in the BSs of the firm. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:189-214 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69342&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1009 Number: 9 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69342 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Vedovato Author-Name: Antonio Costantini Author-Name: Alessio Ministeri Title: La valutazione del margine delle commesse pluriennali. Il caso Permasteelisa Group Abstract: This study aims to present and discuss the potentialities of an innovative management accounting method for evaluating and controlling the (infra)annual multi-years contract margin. While mitigating the limitation of traditional project management tools, the proposed method facilitates variance analysis in terms of scheduling life-cycle costs and revenues. The aim is to identify the factors determining the variances and continuously monitor any deviations from the expected margin. The study, which addresses technical core aspects of management accounting, takes advantage of an interventionist research approach through which the researchers worked together with the financial controller to solve a problem of practical relevance. The research context is a multinational contractor specialised in designing, manufacturing, and installing architectural envelopes and interiors. Results suggest that the control on ongoing multi-year contracts performed by the proposed method allows integrating project management and profit planning requirements in a single framework and also supports the information needs of contractors operating on multi-year contract. Furthermore, results confirm the role of interventionist research for gaining knowledge in the accounting field, narrowing the gap between research and practice. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:215-240 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69343&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1010 Number: 10 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69343 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paola Paoloni Author-Name: Antonietta Cosentino Author-Name: Barbara Iannone Title: L?attitudine delle imprese al cambiamento durante le crisi sistemiche. Spunti dal settore agroalimentare Abstract: The recent pandemic has changed the reference context of companies and imposed significant changes on them to react to the crisis and contain its effects. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the organizational, managerial, and relational changes small and medium-sized enterprises face during the COVID-19 pandemic and also the support offered by relational capital. The authors aim to identify possible strategies for resilience that can be applied at a macro-economic level. To achieve the research objectives, a qualitative method based on the analysis of two Italian agri-food companies is used. This approach is according to the interpretative model of CAOS (characteristics, environment, organization, survival/resilience) (Paoloni, 2011; 2021). CAOS is part of strategic management studies dedicated to relational capital. The findings show that the pandemic has changed the behaviour and habits of individuals and businesses, that it has dematerialized the concept of the company, and that it has brought about new roles and responsibilities. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:241-264 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69344&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1011 Number: 11 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69344 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silvia Fissi Author-Name: Francesco Grazzini Title: L?utilizzo dei Social Media durante la pandemia da COVID-19: un nuovo strumento per la gestione del rischio sanitario? Abstract: The public sector uses social media (SM) for the communication and engagement of citizens. The use of social media quickly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature review highlights that the analysis concerning SM use in public administration is limited at the level of local authorities. Moreover, the analysis considers only a few foreign countries, with little attention to the Italian case. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the use of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic within the more affected Italian regions. The results highlight that the use of social media is different in the pandemic era. Furthermore, the results also highlight that the above-mentioned Italian regions apply SM to communicate to citizens to manage health risks. At the same time, people tend to interact with institutions more than in the past. Finally, each region uses social media with a different strategy to manage the pandemic and, consequently, to reach citizens. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:265-288 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69345&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1012 Number: 12 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69345 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabrina Gigli Author-Name: Laura Mariani Author-Name: Angelo Paletta Title: Management accounting and governance implications: The case of the University of Bologna Abstract: University mission is a complex topic. Mission fulfilment requires the ability to manage different objectives simultaneously. An adequate performance management system can be crucial to support this process. The recent accounting reform of the Italian public universities offers the opportunity to implement such a performance management system. The introduction of the accrual accounting approach for financial reporting - and budgeting - does, in fact, require the collection of a greater amount of data and, notably, a richer amount of information on costs. The collected data and information can then be effectively used to promote accountability and to support decision-making processes from the governance to the operational level. In this context, the question arises: What are the drivers and the barriers that can facilitate the introduction of an effective performance management system in public universities? In order to answer this question, the authors conducted a study on the case of the University of Bologna, at its first implementation of a management accounting system (called COAN project). The aim of the COAN project is to contribute to the understanding of the organizational and procedural conditions that may affect the introduction of accounting innovation in the context of public universities. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:289-311 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69346&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1013 Number: 13 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69346 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesca Francioli Author-Name: Alberto Quagli Title: Management accounting change and the rise of Vespa (1884-1965) Abstract: This paper focuses on the manner in which the interplay of several external and internal forces can affect a company control-system architecture over time. As its object of enquiry, the Italian manufacturer Piaggio provides us with a glimpse of management accounting techniques across a century in a context of economic instability and political and social tensions in Italy. The authors examine the contextual factors conditioning influences and their interplay with Piaggio costing techniques. The study suggests that accounting change was dependant on a complex set of relationships and preconditions. The specificity of the company accounting controls was tied to the interplay of internal and external forces, for instance changes in the production motivated by the war requirements, the rise of fascism and protectionism, low market competition, high-skilled technicians, investment on innovation, low wages, and strikes of the workforce. The findings highlight that the occurred developments and changes were carried out in order to enable the survival of the firm and to respond to specific managerial, behavioural, and organizational needs. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:313-338 Volume: 2021/suppl. 2 Year: 2021 Issue:suppl. 2 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=69347&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2021-002-S1014 Number: 14 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=69347