Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Broccardo Author-Name: Simona Alfiero Author-Name: Francesca Culasso Title: Enhancing Performance Management Systems in a challenging environment Abstract: Amidst the backdrop of military conflicts, climate change, pandemics, and social disparities, it is clear that firms must acquire the necessary skills to effectively learn, respond promptly, and mitigate these global occurrences. Increased invest-ment in the deployment of robust and efficient performance management sys-tems is necessary to effectively lead firms in implementing their corporate strategy. Performance measurement systems encompass many processes, methods, and tools that are designed to quantitatively assess critical factors in order to facilitate the execution of a strategy. Moreover, these systems may serve as catalysts to promote debates and conversations, leading to the identification of improvement activities for corporate goals and performance. As a result, firms can achieve more rational growth. Moreover, when used and adjusted correctly, performance as-sessment systems enable firms to adapt and progress in accordance with the eco-nomic and social environment, as well as technological advancements, thus facing challenging contexts. Indeed, in performance measurement systems, it is crucial to ensure that the pa-rameters and measurement methods are appropriately adjusted. This is necessary to avoid a situation where the company's strategic goals, such as digitalization or sustainability, are measured in an unsuitable manner, delayed, and without align-ment with the formulated strategy or necessary adaptations. The volatility caused by external variables, such as emerging technology, envi-ronmental issues, crises, and organizational restructuring, influences and drives companies to implement and increase the utilization of performance measure-ment systems, which must be custom-designed to be aligned with the company?s requirements. Indeed, the consensus in the research is that there is no universally applicable performance management system. Instead, its design is contingent up-on contextual factors such as the environment, technology, strategy, and culture. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:5-14 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75450&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001001 Number: 1 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75450 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hanne Norreklit Author-Name: Lino Cinquini Title: Performance measurement for a better future Abstract: Performance measurement has become increasingly crucial, encompassing both organizational and personal spheres. It assesses how effectively tasks are carried out and is pivotal in determining the value derived from these activities. Tradition-al approaches to performance measurement, rooted in representational realism or social constructivism, present limitations in ensuring trustworthiness. This paper proposes pragmatic constructivism (PC) as an alternative paradigm to enhance the reliability of performance measurement. PC posits that organizational practices are constructed by humans through cognitive processes and offers an epistemolog-ical framework for developing effective measurement systems and a foundation for intentional and valuable outcomes. The paper discusses the shortcomings of traditional paradigms, outlines the principles of PC, and demonstrates its applica-tion in evaluating the three existing measurement frameworks of financial accounting, the Balanced Scorecard, and sustainability framework of Global Report-ing Initiative (GRI). Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:15-38 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75451&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001002 Number: 2 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75451 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salvatore Madonna Author-Name: Greta Cestari Author-Name: Francesca Giuliani Title: L?integrazione della sostenibilit? ambientale nei sistemi di controllo e gestione delle imprese: evidenze dal settore energetico italiano Abstract: The Corporate Social Responsibility is becoming increasingly important for com-panies, not only for the fundamental value of its contents (environmental, social and governance), but for its ability to generate value for the system. Furthermore, Corporate Social Responsibility becomes an integrated dimension to financial re-porting. Regarding the application of scientific theories in the business field, there are sev-eral tools and models for integrating Corporate Social Responsibility into compa-nies' internal performance measurement systems. The inside-out, outside-in and twin-track approaches represent different methodologies for integrating environ-mental and social issues into corporate processes and strategies. In addition, the sustainability balanced scorecard model can allow companies to consider the im-pact of their activity on the environment, the risks of environmental damage, the use of resources or customer satisfaction for the implementation of a sustainable strategy. This research focuses on the analysis of control and performance meas-urement systems of Italian companies in the energy sector in the last five years: these companies have been integrating environmental sustainability into their in-ternal company processes for years now, but only recently they are moving to-wards redesigning their organization not only for external reporting purposes, but increasingly at a strategic level. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:39-61 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75452&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001003 Number: 3 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75452 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Domenico Raucci Author-Name: Manuela Paolini Author-Name: Grazia Di Pietro Title: Le Istituzioni Scolastiche Pubbliche alla prova della prima Rendicontazione Sociale prevista dal Sistema Nazionale di Valutazione Abstract: The recent reforms in the public-school context have been characterized by the diffusion of performance evaluation and self-evaluation systems that have im-pacted the traditional School Accountability (SA) processes. The D.P.R.80/2013 has introduced the ?National Evaluation System? which requires public schools to account for their performance to the community through the publication of a So-cial Report (SR). So far, the research that has dealt with social reporting practices in public schools is still limited. This study presents a content analysis of the SR produced by a sample of 76 Italian public schools in the first year of the adoption of the D.P.R.80/2013. The purpose is to verify the level of detail of the contents reported based on the legislation. The results show a low level of this content (around 32%) highlighting an approach to social reporting in schools limited to the mere ?return of results? and typical of traditional administrative accountability logic. In these perspectives, the work contributes to the SA literature and more spe-cifically to the research streams on social reporting processes in public schools. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:63-85 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75453&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001004 Number: 4 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75453 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastiano Cupertino Author-Name: Gianluca Vitale Title: Exploring the nexus between corporate digitalisation and environmental sustainability: The moderating role of slack resources Abstract: This paper investigated if high digitalisation exposure allows companies to reduce their environmental impacts. Further, the study also deepened the critical role of available slack resources by analysing their possible moderating effects on the relationship between the firm?s higher digitalisation exposure and environmental performance. Adopting the unbalanced panel data approach, the authors performed 5 years fixed-effects regression analysis on a sample of 5,481 non-financial listed companies? data derived from the Refinitiv ESG universe, as well as considering the annual constituents lists of the STOXX? Global Digitalisation index. Findings showed digitalisation positively affects specific environmental performance. Moreover, results highlighted that available slack resources negatively moderate the relationship between the firms? higher digitalisation exposure and the sustainable management of resources in internal business and procurement processes. Accordingly, slack resources could stress the profit maximisation logic penalising corporate sustainability. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:87-108 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75454&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001005 Number: 5 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75454 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Bronzetti Author-Name: Graziella Sicoli Author-Name: Maurizio Rija Author-Name: Anna Dominga Ippolito Title: L?impatto della trasformazione digitale sulla performance aziendale. Un?analisi empirica sulle societ? quotate italiane Abstract: The purpose of this article is to explore whether there is a relationship between ?goals transition? and ?goals capabilities?, also evaluating its impact on the per-formance. The methodology used by the authors adopted descriptive statistical methods and econometric models. The data was collected through content analy-sis. The results show that the development of goals transition is not entirely ho-mogenous among the companies in the sample. In fact, some companies undergo a more immediate and pervasive technological change than others in the same sector. The study helps to be more aware of the degree of development of the digi-tal transformation underway and, above all, of the way in which companies can derive sustainable competitive advantages through innovation and continuous improvement. The limitation is to be found in the limited observation period which will be the subject of future research; furthermore, it may be thought of making a comparison with other companies, listed in EU countries, with sectors to which they belong and characteristics similar to those investigated in Italy. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:109-130 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75455&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001006 Number: 6 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75455 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosita Capurro Author-Name: Raffaele Fiorentino Author-Name: Stefano Garzella Author-Name: Stefano Marciano Title: Metaverse: Value creation and performance measurement across physical and digital world Abstract: This study provides a first conceptualization of the Metaverse from a strategic management perspective and advances performance measurement approaches for the Metaverse value creation. Specifically, the study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of Metaverse and the related implications on the value creation processes of the companies. In order to achieve this goal, we performed a detailed literature review on digital transformation, Metaverse and performance measure-ment topics. Thus, we have developed a theoretical framework useful to facilitate the implementation of successful strategies in the Metaverse and subsequent mon-itoring and evaluation of achieved results. The paper provides relevant contributions in theory and practice. From a theoreti-cal perspective, the results contribute to the strategic management and perfor-mance management literature streams, extending them to the dimension of the ?digital world?. From a practical perspective, the results identify new performance measurement and new indicators useful for companies and practitioners to under-stand the link between Metaverse and value creation paths. Future studies should integrate the theoretical analysis with explorative empirical investigations. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:131-154 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75456&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001007 Number: 7 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75456 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filippo Vitolla Author-Name: Vitiana L?Abate Author-Name: Nicola Raimo Author-Name: Arcangelo Marrone Title: Gli effetti della pandemia da COVID-19 sulla disclosure aziendale. Un?analisi empirica nella prospettiva dell?Integrated Reporting Abstract: The serious consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on different business con-texts have also attracted the attention of academics, interested in exploring the changes undergone by business management in light of this catastrophic event. In particular, an important strand of the literature has focused attention on the changes undergone by corporate disclosure. However, limited attention has still been paid to this topic and there is little knowledge of the factors capable of influ-encing the integration of information relating to the impact of the COVID-19 pan-demic within corporate disclosure. This study aims to fill this important gap by an-alyzing the level of integration of information relating to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on company management within integrated reports and the factors capable of determining the inclusion of such information. In particular, among the different types of determinants, this study focuses attention on gov-ernance aspects by examining the role played by the characteristics of the board of directors. The econometric analysis, conducted on a sample of 116 European companies, shows first of all a very low level of integration of information relating to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on company management within inte-grated reports. In addition, it demonstrates that some characteristics of the board of directors such as size, independence, gender diversity and average age have a positive impact on the level of COVID-19 disclosure. This study offers important theoretical and practical implications. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:155-177 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75457&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001008 Number: 8 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75457 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simone Poli Author-Name: Marco Gatti Title: The relevance of cash flow information in predicting corporate bankruptcy in Italian private companies Abstract: This study investigates the relevance of cash flow information in predicting corpo-rate bankruptcy in Italian private companies. The results indicate that while the cash flow-based model exhibits a high predictive capacity, it is less effective than the accrual-based model. In addition, cash flow-based ratios do not improve the predictive capacity of the accrual-based model. From a theoretical perspective, this study enriches existing literature on the relevance of cash flow information in predicting corporate bankruptcy by extending the investigation to the Italian con-text, which has not yet been sufficiently studied. From a practical standpoint, it provides Italian companies with new bankruptcy prediction models and offers pre-liminary suggestions regarding the relevance that should be attributed to cash flow information within the organizational, administrative, and accounting structures that they must establish to promptly detect crises and undertake appropriate initia-tives in a timely manner to comply with the requirements of the new legislation on business crises. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:179-202 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75458&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001009 Number: 9 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75458 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Lucia Missaglia Author-Name: Alberto Bubbio Author-Name: Dario Gulino Title: From cost control to cost management: How is the current state of the Italian context? Abstract: The change in markets? dynamics occurred during the last 50 years led to a signifi-cant transformation within the cost structure of companies, resulting in a gradual loss of cost control systems? effectiveness. This caused a progressive shift from cost control to cost management (CM), involving the use of innovative tools and approaches that provide more suitable cost allocation methods, cost computation logics, and allow to detect value-creating costs in order to support the decision-making process. The present work aims at exploring the current state of CM application in the Ital-ian context, identifying the main mechanisms implemented and the key percep-tions of organizations concerning the upsides, downsides and innovativeness of CM logics. The findings show that the level of CM diffusion has increased in the most recent years compared to the evidence of prior research, but most companies still don?t use CM systems. Processes and activities-based approaches are increasingly ap-plied; however, besides traceable costing logics, the traditional full costing methods are still highly used. Companies benefited from the implementation of CM sys-tems, since they supply data that allow to understand which are the main causes of complexity, what costs really create value and facilitate participation in the de-cision-making process. However, the high quantity of resources required for the system?s development and the resilience of people to the process of change still represent barriers that hinder the diffusion of CM. The main implication of the study is raising awareness about the importance of using suitable CM systems to evaluate costs as well as signaling the potential chal-lenges of their application. The twofold role of human resources in the process of CM innovation is explored. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:203-226 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75459&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001010 Number: 10 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75459 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Di Berardino Author-Name: Faisal Anees Title: Creativit? organizzativa ed individuale nelle piccole e medie imprese: il ruolo del sistema di controllo Abstract: Many studies refer to innovation and creativity, however the relationship between management control systems (MCS) and creativity remains underexplored, espe-cially in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Adopting the Simon?s levers of control framework, this paper seeks to explore whether the diagnostic and inter-active use of MCS impact organizational creativity or whether these systems moderate the relationship between the creative CEO behavior and the organiza-tional creativity. Using data collected from an online survey in 112 Danish SMEs, this study demonstrates that creative CEO behavior significantly enhances organi-zational creativity. Our findings indicate that interactive use of MCS positively moderates the relationship between creative CEO behavior and organizational creativity. However, we do not find evidence that MCS are directly associated with organizational creativity. The use of MCS in isolation does not stifle or encourage creativity per se. The interactive use of MCS can act as an organizational context to maximize the impact of creative leadership. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:227-249 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75460&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:MACOMA:v:html10.3280/MACO2024-001011 Number: 11 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75460