Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Letizia Giorgetti Title: Entry and submarket concentration: empirical evidence from the pharmaceutical industry Abstract: The paper investigates the decisions of companies to enter new submarkets, analyzing the relationship between submarket concentration and entry through the explanatory power of submarkets. The relationship is analyzed both at the aggregate level for all countries and both at the country-specific level using a pharmaceutical company dataset gathered in seven countries in the 1987-1998 period. A Bayesian panel probit model enables us to measure entry into a new submarket using the lagged dependent variable to incorporate potential state persistence. The results obtained at the submarket level indicate a negative correlation between concentration and entry by diversification, although previous literature at market level has indicated conflicting results for the same relationship. Classification-JEL: L11, L65, C11, C23, C25 Keywords: Ingresso, diversificazione, dati panel, modello probit, effetti random Note: Pages:5-29 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46218&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003001 Number: 1 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Lissoni Title: Intellectual property and fundamental research: an introduction to the special section Abstract: Measuring the extent of the phenomenon of patenting in fundamental research (by and large taking place in universities and public research organizations) and studying its determinants and implications can improve our understanding of both the economics of science and the economics of technical change. Three papers presented at the workshop on Intellectual Property and Fundamental Research sponsored by the European Science Foundation have shed light on IP ownership, licensing, and management issues. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Inventori accademici, brevetti universitari, diffusione della conoscenza, ricerca scientifica Note: Pages:31-34 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46219&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003002 Number: 2 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Lissoni Title: Intellectual property and university-industry technology transfer in Europe and the U.S. Abstract: I survey the recent literature on the extent and characteristics of the phenomenon of academic patenting in the U.S. and Europe, and highlight differences and similarities between the two areas. I then examine the importance of academic patents as a vehicle for technology transfer, their commercial potential, and the systemic effects of the diffusion of intellectual property on the cumulative process of scientific enquiry. Classification-JEL: O31, O34 Keywords: Inventori accademici, propriet? brevettuale, universit? europee Note: Pages:35-54 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46220&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003003 Number: 3 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paula Stephan Title: The role of intellectual property rights in science Abstract: The recent surge in patenting by universities has sparked a considerable debate regarding the economic rationale and consequences of rewarding academic scientists with intellectual property rights other than that of priority recognition. The paper surveys the main conceptual issues regarding university patenting, as well as the available empirical evidence, both quantitative and qualitative. While there is little support for concerns over the trade-offs between patenting and publishing, or basic and applied research, concerns over accessibility of research tools have more validity. Classification-JEL: O31, O34 Keywords: Brevetti universitari, anti-commons, priorit?, ricerca scientifica Note: Pages:55-71 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46221&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003004 Number: 4 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre Azoulay Title: Empirical studies of the diffusion of scientific and technological knowledge: some methodological considerations Abstract: I review recent methodological developments that have great relevance for the study of the effect of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on the diffusion of scientific and technological knowledge across time, space, field, and institutional boundaries. In particular, I emphasize two aspects of study design for empirical work that have become increasingly (but not universally) recognized: (i) the need to identify "useful" regime shifts; and (ii) the selection of valid papers or patents to serve as controls. Classification-JEL: O31, O34 Keywords: Ricerca scientifica, diffusione di conoscenza, propriet? intellettuale Note: Pages:73-87 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46222&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003005 Number: 5 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna M. Falzoni Author-Name: Mara Grasseni Title: Modelli di specializzazione e imprese esportatrici: Italia, Francia e Germania a Confronto Abstract: The position of Italy in the international division of labour is unusual: strong in the traditional sectors and in some specialized supply industries, but weak in sectors based on economies of scale and, especially, in the high-tech sector, where capital and skillabundant countries historically have a comparative advantage. These production and trade patterns have fuelled increasing concern about Italy?s vulnerability in the foreign markets, where it faces the competitive pressure of products from low-wage countries. Are these factors mostly to blame for Italy?s poor export performance, or do other factors, such as the size distribution of exporting firms, play important roles in the country?s recent export dynamics? The paper aims to shed light on these issues through a comparative analysis of the recent international performance of Italy and its two major European partners, France and Germany. Classification-JEL: F14 Keywords: Italia, Francia, Germania, commercio internazionale, imprese esportatrici Note: Pages:89-111 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46223&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003006 Number: 6 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandra Lanza Author-Name: Andrea Dossena Title: Made in Italy and the global supply chain: winning strategy or unavoidable loss of know-how? Abstract: The gaps in the export performance between Italian industry and its main competitors have (re)focused attention on the concept of "bazaar economy". In the specific case of Italy, the hypothesis of an economic model such as that of the bazaar economy would translate into significant impacts in terms of both new opportunities (the possibility of the more downstream manufacturing companies to expand their potential sources of procurement) and threats (the risk of an excessive loss of manufacturing know-how). The production supply chains are ideal for investigating the level and speed of global integration. The analysis focuses on three supply chains highly representative of the traditional made in Italy production models: Food & Beverages; Fashion; and Wood & Furniture. According to the supply chain logic, the analysis will focus on the degree of dependency on the foreign markets of the diverse phases and the impact of the 2008-2009 financial crisis on the financial results of the companies of the different supply chains. Classification-JEL: L66, L67, L68, L11, L22, L23, R30 Keywords: Filiere industriali, internazionalizzazione, analisi dei bilanci, made in Italy Note: Pages:113-135 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46224&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003007 Number: 7 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paolo Beria Author-Name: Marco Ponti Title: Public funding in the Italian transport sector. A roadmap for policy-makers Abstract: Public money flowing in or out of the transport sector is one of the most powerful drivers of its evolution. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the revenue and expenditure of the Italian State and the local administrations for the Italian transport system. Based on the available resources, the paper quantifies the subsidies and the contracts to support investments, network maintenance and service delivery, as well as the value of the taxes generated. The analysis is completed by an historical background. The results indicate that road transport generates more in taxes than it receives in the form of free public roads (a net of over thirty-two billion euros per year). In contrast, the bus and rail systems receive subsidies valued at approximately thirteen billion euros per year, inclusive of new infrastructure. The other modes of transport benefit from relatively lower resources. The paper is completed by a discussion on the tools available for a more informed socio-economic assessment of this expenditure, by possible alternative scenarios of public expenditure and their effects on patronage and with some policy indications. Classification-JEL: H54, H83, R42 Keywords: Trasporti, infrastrutture, ferrovia, trasporto pubblico, spesa pubblica, tasse, analisi costi-benefici Note: Pages:137-169 Volume: 2012/3 Year: 2012 Issue:3 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=46225&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:polipo:v:html10.3280/POLI2012-003008 Number: 8