Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefano Solari Title: The Synchronisation and Standardisation of Time (1830-1970): Technological Innovation and Public Policy Abstract: Clock-making has represented a fundamental sector for industrialisation, al-lowing a more precise division of labour and developing the competences for au-tomation, which was well understood by Charles Babbage. Besides precision, the problems of synchronisation and standardisation have characterised the creation of the uniform time dimension. This paper proposes the history of these processes with a glance at their protagonists. Scientific progress, technological innovation, institutions and cultural frames co-evolved assuring a favourable frame to indus-trialisation. That was possible thanks to a synergy between astronomers and clock-makers as well as between inventors and railways. Even when exact time was made a public good, access to it was quite demanding in technological terms. The history of railways let us understand how reliability and trust have been the crucial variables in the making of the industrialised society. Conventions and the passion of technicians with a faith in progress have been more relevant than the often disorienting action of governments or the uncertainty of market competition. Classification-JEL: B19, D02, D80, N63, N64, N70, N83, N84, O14, O31 Keywords: Note: Pages:5-28 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75750&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001001 Number: 1 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75750 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisabetta Caroppo Title: The International Institute of the Middle Classes in the Early Twentieth Century: Economic Policies, Theoretical Models, and Action Plans Abstract: In the context of the recent debate on the role played by economists, international organisations, and epistemic communities in the development of new theoretical models and international economic policies, this paper aims to explore the contribution made by the International Institute of the Middle Classes. Such an organisation identified economic policy and analysis as the key to dealing with the social conflict that arose in Europe in the 1800s and 1900s. In addition to confirming the importance played by cooperation in the building of a new European order that could prevent social conflict, the exchange of ideas that occurred during the Congresses held by the Institute in different European cities in the early 1900s brought attention to the issue of social policies aimed at the middle classes. This would become crucial in the logic underlying the Italian welfare state, with the Bismarckian model providing the perfect liberal solution. Classification-JEL: A11, F02, F53, I38, P16 Keywords: Note: Pages:29-51 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75751&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001002 Number: 2 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75751 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Zafirovski Title: Contradictions of the Marginal Utility Theory of Value? Identifying Some Logical Errors Abstract: This article engages in an exploration and identification of potential internal contradictions such as logical errors in the marginal utility theory of value. Specifi-cally, it explores and attempts to identify possible logical contradictions between certain integral elements and aspects of this theory. It first investigates and ana-lyzes potential logical contradictions between the ?law of satiable wants? and the ?law? of diminishing marginal utility within the marginal utility theory of value fo-cusing on its early formulations and later elaborations. It then explores and ana-lyzes possible logical contradictions between the status of marginal utility theory as a subjective or individualistic and as a psychological theory of value. It con-cludes that the marginal utility theory of value manifests certain internal contra-dictions in the form of logical errors. Classification-JEL: B1, B10, B13 Keywords: Note: Pages:53-98 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75752&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001003 Number: 3 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75752 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Masini Title: Perroux?s 1949 Note sur la Politique ?conomique du F?d?ralisme Abstract: L?Europe sans rivages, published in 1954 mostly as a reaction against Monnet?s idea of functional Europe, is considered Perroux?s most relevant (critical) contribution to European integration. Its final section contains critiques to unionism, functionalism, and federalism. His skepticism towards a functional strategy towards a federal Europe, though, was dependent upon the specific attitude of the most renown (especially French) federalist intellectuals to build a supranational actor that might become, in Perroux?s eyes, protectionist and inward-looking, thus jeopardizing the perspectives for a genuine world integration. Perroux?s book was allegedly targeting the Coal and Steel Community established in 1951 and the process towards a European Defense Community that, although unanimously agreed upon, would soon be failing the ratification process. An unpublished typewritten Note on the Economic Policy of Federalism dated February 9th, 1949, addressed to Alexander Marc (Secretary General of the Union of European Federalists) challenges this interpretation, and helps understanding that Perroux had been working on these arguments much earlier. Together with a letter that Perroux sent at the end of 1949 to Ambassador Eirik Labonne and Jacques Racine (both reproduced at the end), such archival material further highlights the role that federalism played in Perroux?s reflection on the economics of dominance. Classification-JEL: B19, F15, F42, F53, H77 Keywords: Note: Pages:99-122 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75753&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001004 Number: 4 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivo Maes Title: Jacques Delors (1925-2023) Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:123-130 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75754&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001005 Number: 5 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75754 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandre Mendes Cunha Title: Mauro Boianovsky (1959-2024) Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:131-134 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75755&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001006 Number: 6 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bolat Zhumagulov Author-Name: Dossaly Salkynbek Author-Name: Yerkin Yermukanov Author-Name: Gizatulla Khalidullin Title: Causes and Consequences of the Famine in the Western Regions of Kazakhstan in 1921-1922 Abstract: In the historiography of the history of Kazakhstan, the causal consequences of the vicious famine that occurred in the early 20s of the twentieth century are still being studied. The article provides a scientific analysis of the causes of hunger in the starving regions of Kazakhstan, including a detailed analysis of the consequences of famine that engulfed the western region of Kazakhstan. The research article presents archival documents, personal works of research scientists, memories of eyewitnesses of the famine. The article emphasizes that during the famine years that swept the western regions of Kazakhstan, due to the insignificant assistance from the state, the help of wealthy people and clergy from among the local population, provided to the starving population, thanks to which thousands of people were saved, was first involved in scientific turnover. Classification-JEL: N40, Q18, I38 Keywords: Note: Pages:135-148 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75756&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001007 Number: 7 X-File-Ref: http://www.francoangeli.it/Riviste/References.ashx?idArticolo=75756 Template-type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A cura della Redazione Title: Book review Abstract: Classification-JEL: Keywords: Note: Pages:149-192 Volume: 2024/1 Year: 2024 Issue:1 File-URL:http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=75757&Tipo=Articolo PDF File-Format: text/HTML Handle: RePEc:fan:spespe:v:html10.3280/SPE2024-001008 Number: 8