LIBRI DI GIAN PAOLO CESARETTI

The agroecosystem is an integral part of the natural resources available to human beings for use and the continuation of the life cycle on Earth. Agroecosystems are complex systems where many species interact with ecological processes at differ-ent spatial scales and strong interactions between environmental and management procedures (Loeuille et al., 2013). Therefore, these systems encompass ecological-ly, and decision networks connected and perform different functions, leading to a wide range of ecosystem services. They are also linked at the landscape scale, making their management difficult. However, these complex interactions can be formalized within the general concepts of interaction networks, and these can be used to elaborate the interactions within and between ecology and management explicitly. Without an agroecosystem, life on this Earth will stop, and the drivers of all ecological life cycles will not continue functioning. Energy is the essential factor that makes the working process of human survivability possible. According to World Population Clock, human population growth is alarming in Egypt (i.e., 104 million people and continues to increase by 2.2 million people annually [Macro-trends about Egyptian Population Growth Rate). Therefore, the ecological human imprint will impact Egyptian Earth’s natural resources in the form of more con-sumption and demands that will affect Egyptian social and economic issues. Sustainability will be accomplished if we live within the concept of nature, control-ling our human population growth to reduce the impacts of the demands of natu-ral resources. In this respect, sustainability will not be achieved by economic growth alone; instead, the biosphere's natural resources must be able to replenish and allow the natural resources to regenerate themselves to support the growing human population. Egypt’s agroecosystems are facing declining fertile lands, reduction in water re-sources, and expansion of the human population on the agricultural lands for housing and other activities without control. The concentration of the Human Population of Egypt is occupying 4-5% of the total land. It is due to the lack of infrastructure available in the rest of the lands of Egypt (i.e., 96- 97% is desert ex-cept around the river Nile). The Ecological Human Imprint (EHI), as indicated by Shakir Hanna et al. 2017, is a measuring tool for assessing the carrying capacity of an area regarding the use of the planet's natural resources. Therefore, the "Egyp-tian Agroecosystem Human Imprint Assessment (EAHIA) Model" (Shakir Hanna, 2021) indicates the magnitude of the impact of the growing human population on the agroecosystems of Egypt. In addition, the model predicts that the human pop-ulation will reach 187 million people in the year 2050 and may be double by the year 2100 in a reasonable assumption of increased human population growth rate at 1.1%; otherwise, there will be disastrous conditions and the spread of the "Hun-ger Revolution." In addition, the model will calculate the agroecosystem lands, water resources availability, and their production and productivity and economy in Egypt. It predicts the changes and impacts of agriculture systems economically and socially in Egypt and promotes conservation to save agricultural lands from deterioration.

Modern society shows a very strong need to look for a "dynamic equilibrium be-tween local capital and the demand for well-being". This transition towards sus-tainability requires the beginning of a process that is able to satisfy, in every eco-nomic cycle, the demand for well-being and the replicability of the "four stocks of capital". The paper shows how the implementation of what Pearce and Turner called a "Circular Economic System" can make this possible, and highlights how new strat-egies for the adoption of a "Circular Economic Model" represent the condition for the circularity of development models. Moreover, the paper discusses how, given a radical change of strategy on a global and local level, the implementation of a circular process in rural areas to create in-dividual and collective well-being allows these areas to offer an important contri-bution to the transition.

Overcoming the current development model, universally deemed unsustainable, requires, in the various Territorial Systems, the implementation of a strategy based on four components which are closely interconnected: Supporting sectors (research, training and communication); Business production and investment models; Household consumption and savings models and No profit Institutions decision-making models. Strategy which, based on policies acting symmetrically on the four components mentioned above, is capable of guiding and supporting the Society towards a growing balance between intra-generational and inter-generational equity. In the present paper, the authors have highlighted the centrality of the Territorial Capital for the achievement of a Sustainable Wellbeing; analyzed the path towards Agenda 2030, which has finally codified this centrality; presented a Circular Economic Model proposed to analyze the determinants of "circularity" of Well-being. Finally, the criteria are defined for an impact analysis of the new policies that are emerging at international, european and national level for building a sustainable future.

Economic activities and industrial growth of the last decades have highlighted the need for reconciling economic development at the international level without affecting the global environment. Many environmental problems are transnational, or even global, and, consequently, beyond the control of any single nation, also because of the increasingly impressive commercial activities, particularly in big companies. Even the recent COVID-19 pandemic has clearly shown the strong link between human productive activities and the well-being of the planet. To understand why and where business activities enter into the debate on sustainable development, it is important to see what are the root causes of environmental degradation, linked to human and industrial performances. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand implications that the increasing trading development has on the global environment and what are the signs that must be followed, so that the actions of companies may be more sustainable in a global perspective in the next future.

Agroecosystem energy is an essential part of the natural resources available to humans for use and the continuation of Earth’s life cycle. Without energy, life on this Earth will stop, and the drivers of all ecological life cycles will not be able to continue function. Energy is an essential factor that makes the working process of human survivability possible. According to World Population Clock, the current status of human population growth is in an alarming situation (i.e., 7.81 billion people and continues to increase) [World Population Clock 2020 Accessed September 20, 2020][ World Population Clock, 2020). Therefore, the ecological human imprint will impact all Earth’s natural resources, in the forms of more consumptions and demands that will have impacts on the global social and economic issues globally. Sustainability will be accomplished if we live within the concept of Nature, controlling our human population growth to reduce the impacts on natural resources’ demands. In this respect, sustainability will not be achieved by economic growth alone; instead, the biosphere natural resources must replenish it and allow the natural resources to regenerate itself to support the growing human population. The present paper will assess the agroecosystem energy continuing ongoing demands and availability concerning human population growth by modeling different scenarios. According to our model, the human population growth will reach 10 billion people or more by the year 2050 at the current trend, and we may be faced with shortening the availability of energy. It is important to stress that the energy should be replenished through non-tradition energy supply, and we have to concentrate on renewable energy, which we can develop to the extent of harvesting this energy in efficient ways. An example of the needs of energy in the agroecosystem is to calculate how much enough the Earth has to support the human beings. In this regard, if each human being is in need of 2000 calories/per day on average, this means that globally the Earth has to produce more than 5694 trillion calories per year. The question is whether the Earth can create these calories to support 7.81 billion people, and we need more calories when the human population grows to be more than 7.81 bil lion people. Therefore, engineering of the Earth agroecosystem should be significant, and we have to think about how we accomplish it. Additionally, we need to sustain our environment by conserving our water resources and keeping our global climate environmentally in the best condition to maintain international economic and social standards. Further, in this paper, we will discuss the impacts of changing different parameters that affect global agroecosystem energy.

The asymmetry in combining ethics, economic efficiency, intra-generational and inter-generational equity, which characterizes the current governance of the three fundamental functions of the planet’s economic systems, is at the origin of the segmented approach to well-being in territories, that is, the inability to be able to satisfy the various demands of the Company without "outsourcing the costs of the scarcity" of capital stocks, generating inequalities and jeopardizing the well-being of future generations. In other words, without being able to pursue an integrated approach to well-being and its sustainability. In this context, the awareness of firms and families of having to adopt new deci-sion-making models, focused on the circular economy, and capable of directing Territories towards a "Circular Economic System" becomes central.

The sustainable development theory depends on many factors that can support it. These factors can be of importance to the current generation and future generation, Theoretically; the sustainable development is depending on the well of people to use the natural resources that are not infinite the proper use and keep it continuing for the future generation. The sustainable development theory is saying to protect the natural Earth from destruction as the results of the abusing the Global Earth in which humans are living on it and enjoying the resources that the Mother Earth is providing. Furthermore, the Earth’s natural resources are balanced with every elemental component of it, and if the earth is losing this balance, then the mother Earth will not be able to provide the products and services the humans are demanding from it. Many aspects of sustainable development that can be explained in our scenarios in this paper can we are presenting here. The significant findings in this paper are the balancing the human population of the world to support the reduction of degrading or damaging of the global environment; use of efficient energy; decreasing poverty, improve quality of life, supporting healthy people, support quality of education and support providing jobs to the youth to get equal opportunities. This will lead to eliminate unuseful ideologies and improve sustainability.

Ecological Human Imprint (EHI) is a new index that is of important measure in cal-culating the human demands and impacts on our global environment. In this re-spect, the ecological human imprint is a function of all the parameters that interact between the power of ecosystem productivity and human interactions and activities on a particular ecosystem or the demand from that ecosystem. The present paper will cover and analyses the ecosystems’ productivity and the human demand from the ecosystems. It will produce comprehensive analyses in measuring the possibility of capabilities of the ecosystems to provide goods and services to the human beings on our planet Earth. Further, the paper will discuss the models that can be used in measuring the sustainability of ecosystem and in particular, water resources and what we should be doing to maintain the earth healthy ecosystems. In this respect, the paper will assess and introduce a comprehensive model called Ecological Human Imprint (EHI) and water resources change of US (EHI-WR-US) that can describe the status of our ecosystems’ productivities and the impacts of changing of water resources’ availability and human population within the USA Earth boundaries. Furthermore, the paper will provide some answers to the human issues in USA; water resources change impacts as the results of human activities. Further, the model will provide warning to the current trend in use and abuse of our natural ecosystems and what will be expecting from these ecosystems to provide the human needs in response to the current use of US ecosystems that exist. It is clear from the analysis of (EHI-WR-US) that the USA will reach 450 million people or more in the year 2050, and this will overload the ecosystems with heavy demands and consumptions for goods, and services that these ecosystems can produce or cannot produce for the next generations. It is expected that model will assess the impacts of the EHI of human population in US from ecological transfor-mation of land-use, and economic impacts, locally in US. From the analysis, the model predicted that the US biological capacity will be degrading to the extent that the ecosystems will not be able to support the growing populations, and there will be a shortage of food and other services. It is expected that the need will be about twice the land of current land of US to meet the demands from our ecosystems to support the growing population and their life style. In this model, we used Stella Software to predict the impacts of the EHI for the next century and what we should expect beyond quantitatively. The model developed on relaxed assumption, mod-erate assumption and conservative assumption of human population growth and in consequence, the US EHI biological capacity with all its components, including energy and impacts of climate change that affects the water resources and on the natural resources and availability of cycling natural resource. Accordingly, the warming and related climate changes proceed more rapidly than generally expected before. Weather extremes can cause unsustainable summer heat along with lack of water, fire causing vegetation to burn and will allow loss of forest vegetation. This will end of the destruction and loss of available food and in consequence, the famine and human death. The paper will conclude and set up several recommendations to avoid irreversible impacts of human beings on the ecosystems and our global environment, including the impact of climate change and in consequence, the water resources and finally the sustainability of our ecosystems

Sustainable Development Goals are a worldwide concern. Indeed, to date, almost the entirety of world countries have formally committed to achieve them by 2030. Across world regions - and countries, however, the extent to which they are addressed, and the means used to do so, vary substantially. While some governments have established appropriate offices and are seeking a dialogue with their citizens, others are lagging back, still reflecting on how this could be done. Keen to identify possible ways to address the SDGs at domestic level, the Vietnamese government, in cooperation with the UNDP, contracted the Center for Sustainable Development Studies to conduct the first ever national survey on perception of Sustainable Development Goals among Vietnamese young people. The current article presents the results of the survey, carried out between November 2017 and January 2018, during which the team collected 7116 responses from all the 64 administrative provinces of Vietnam.

The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development represented a worldwide acknowledgment of the incapacity of the current development model of development to grant everyone the "Right to sustainable wellbeing". It also signalled the necessity to develop an integrated approach to sustainable wellbeing considering its economic, social, environmental and institutional dimensions. On the basis of such considerations, the present study aimed at drawing attention on an economic model that should be considered the key to generate growth and ensure the sustainability of territorial wellbeing: the circular economy. In particular, while focusing on the strategic role of agriculture as a lever to achieve sustainable wellbeing, the paper aims at offering insights to policy makers and territorial stakeholders who are called to respond to current challenges and implement paradigms that are able to ensure a collective sustainable wellbeing.

Agriculture Sector has been associated with production of essential food crops and other crops that are necessary for human being living. Agriculture plays a critical role throughout the life of human population that will reach between 9.5 to 11.0 billion people by year 2050. In spite of increasing the technological advances, the crop production is in decreasing mode due to the growing human demand for crop products. The technological advances as implementation of precision agriculture or agriculture zoning accurately are possible by combining global positioning system and geographic information systems. Recent studies suggest that some genetically modified crops to increase production, pose human health and other things. Therefore, the education of humans in reducing the human growth in order to making balance between human population growth and natural resources’ availability by convincing education and by supporting human choices is the supporting means in this regard.

Facing the challenges to the sustainability of well-being, the main commitment to EU member countries will be to give themselves a sustainable structure for the people and for all its territories, where, through an appropriate governance you must ensure exclusive benefits able to win ideas, behaviors and activities "homologated" which essentially crush the value systems pertinent to the identity of people and territories. On the basis of these considerations, the present paper aim to underline the important role that the economist has to play, reinterpreting the limits of the theory in light of a new and practical idea of economy, able to build well-being and to guarantee its sustainability in all its dimensions. Starting from the role of European integration, the paper aim to underline the importance to reinstate the "food issue" in a new idea of European integration more sustainable for all.

This article focuses on the importance of the carbon currency as a fundamental tool to support sustainability. Starting from a theoretical approach and underlining the significance of an ecological currency in regenerating the resources and conserve the existing natural resources in the paper it has been proposed the use of a carbon currency. This last is crucial because it is important a type of currency that will be a measure to discuss the climate change impacts. More precisely, the impacts of human imprints and climate changes are important to be discussed and to be connected to the carbon currency which can measure quantitatively the release of carbon dioxide and other warming gases that are harming the environment and cause problems to the natural resources which allow to produce goods and services that we are using daily in our life.

The need to "feed the planet", and especially to do so in a sustainable way, requires the ability of firms to "make themselves system" for the well-being sustainability by changing their paradigm of development and contributing effectively to the creation and maintenance of a Sustainability Oriented Territory (SOT): their territory. With this in mind, this paper examines the strategy of territorial corporate identity as strategic response of the "enterprise system" of a territory to a new food paradigm (identitary, sustainable and based on a not segmented approach to wellbeing) and as action carrier for the creation and maintenance of a SOT.

Sustainability is a right for all and the recognition of this requires a shift to a not more segmented approach to well-being sustainability. It is fundamental an universal approach, based on three pillars: an integrated communication strategy "Empowering Sustainability"; a new reference global system; the valorization of the "Excellence systems" of the territories. Starting from these considerations, this article looks at the role that the Food Systems of the Planet can play in determining the recognition of the right to an Overall Food System as a lever for the construction and maintenance over time and space of the well-being of our societies.