LIBRI DI LAURA GRAZI

L’arrivo delle truppe francesi a Ferrara portò, nel 1797, al primo atterramento dei portoni del ghetto: dietro all’atto simbolico era il riconoscimento dei diritti a favore della minoranza ebraica per la quale significò l’immersione nella vita sociale, econo-­ mica e politica della città (e non solo), compreso il parziale abbandono delle abitazioni del vecchio quartiere. Significò anche opporsi e/o reagire alla forma mentis descritta da Ariel Di Porto quando afferma che «in Diaspora quello della separatezza dell’olio rispetto agli altri liquidi è stato un tema centrale per esplicare una visione del mondo che individuava nella separatezza la chiave per sopravvivere in un ambiente circostante maggioritario e spesso ostile». L’articolo inquadra la scelta residenziale ebraica effettuata di volta in volta a seguito delle quattro liberazioni dal ghetto che si sono succedute a Ferrara nel XIX secolo, puntando l’attenzione soprattutto al periodo dall’Unità d’Italia fino al 1943, per analizzare le opzioni adottate individualmente in rapporto con il livello di emancipazione e di assimilazione: lo scopo è individuare l’entità e la definizione urbana della migrazione intraurbana dall’ex ghetto oltre alle motivazioni sottese (matrimoni misti, posizione politica e professionale, ceto economico e culturale).

EEC Regional Studies in the Sixties This essay, which belongs to the field of research on the history of European regional policy, focuses on the regional studies launched by the EEC and the ECSC in the Sixties, with specific reference to certain Italian cases: the region of Umbria and its steel industry, the Piombino area, the touristic destination of Calabria and the Bari-Taranto-Brindisi development hub. In particular, it highlights Italy’s position, characterized by its «Southern question» and by its commitment to bringing this topic to the attention of the Community, in order to obtain additional support for its policy of extraordinary intervention, which was mainly implemented through the «Cassa per il Mezzogiorno». The participation of Italian experts and officials in Community studies was closely related to the debate on planning that began with the preparation of the Vanoni Plan and continued with the economic programs of the center-left governments. Issues and new development strategies, with particular reference to the theories of development hubs (growth poles) and integrated development, passed from the national to the European level, paving the way towards the drafting of an EU cohesion policy for the future.

Origins and Challenges of the EEC Regional Policy: from preliminary studies to the Single European Act (1957-1986) - The article describes the different stages which marked the elaboration of the EEC regional policy starting from the preliminary studies in the Sixties to the formal inclusion of this domain in the Single European Act (1986). The creation of the European Regional Development Fund (1975) and its reforms are crucial events in the definition of the EEC regional policy which highlight the slow and difficult passage from a system redistributing money among Member States to the launch of new form of supranational territorial solidarity. The ERDF, that was initially linked to the need to rearrange the financial benefits of membership/accession to the EEC for some members States (in particular, Italy and Great Britain), was later rearranged in order to allow more autonomous policy choices at the Community level (Community programmes). The Integrated Mediterranean Programmes, adopted in the Eighties, are the symbol of this new approach because they linked EEC regional measures to common problems arising from economic integration and increased the coordinating functions of the Commission.

Parole chiave: Politica regionale della CEE, Commissione europea, Economie regionali, FESR, Programmi comunitari, PIM EEC Regional Policy; European Commission, Regional Economies, European Regional Development Fund, Community Programmes, Integrated Mediterranean Programmes

Federica Di Sarcina, Laura Grazi

Europa in progress

Idee, istituzioni e politiche nel processo d'integrazione europea

cod. 914.8