Il ruolo della dimensione e dell’età nella crescita occupazionale delle PMI italiane

Titolo Rivista ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE
Autori/Curatori Marco Corsino, Roberto Gabriele, Sandro Trento
Anno di pubblicazione 2013 Fascicolo 2013/1 Lingua Italiano
Numero pagine 36 P. 53-88 Dimensione file 705 KB
DOI 10.3280/POLI2013-001003
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

The paper empirically investigates gross job flows and the growth patterns of limited liability companies in Italy in 1996-2004, using original data on workforces and other company traits. The analysis shows that the phenomenon of regression to the mean only partially explains the tendency of small firms to grow at a faster pace than large organizations. The analysis of gross job flow indicates that the extent of job creation and job destruction shrunk in the aftermath of the economic downturn in 2001 and that the labour market was less efficient in allocating job opportunities. The econometric analysis shows that size has a negative impact on the net employment growth of a company, even though the negative correlation disappears among units with more than twenty-four employees. Firms with a history of maximum fourteen years outperform the average firm in the sample, while, conversely, the growth of companies is not influenced by their age if these have been in business for fifteen years or more, in fact it can even be a burden among the oldest firms in the sample.;

Keywords:Flussi occupazionali lordi, crescita dell’impresa, dimensione dell’impresa, età dell’impresa

Jel codes:J62, L25, L60

  1. Almus M., Nerlinger E.A. 2000. Testing ‘Gibrat’s law’ for young firms. Empirical results for West Germany. Small Business Economics, 15 (1): 1-12 DOI: 10.1023/A:1026512005921
  2. Alzona G. 2007. Le medie imprese: nuovi spunti di riflessione. L’Industria, 28 (4): 607-624.
  3. Angelini P., Generale A. 2008. On the evolution of firm size distributions. American Economic Review, 98 (1): 426-438 DOI: 10.1257/aer.98.1.426
  4. Anonimo. 2012. Decline and small. Small firms are a big problem for Europe’s periphery. Economist, March 3: 69.
  5. Armington C., Odle M. 1982. Small business. How many jobs?. The Brookings Review, 1 (2): 14-17 DOI: 10.2307/20079774
  6. Armington C., Acs Z. 2004. Job creation and persistence in services and manufacturing. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 14 (3): 309-325 DOI: 10.1007/s00191-004-0194-z
  7. Arrighetti A., Traù F. 2007. La ‘questione dimensionale’ come problema organizzativo. Natura e logica evolutiva del medium business sector nell’industria italiana. L’Industria, 28 (3): 529-569.
  8. Audretch D.B, Santarelli E., Vivarelli M. 1999. Start-up size and industrial dynamics: some evidence from Italian manufacturing. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 17 (7): 965-983 DOI: 10.1016/S0167-7187(98)00002-2
  9. Baily M., Bartelsman E., Haltiwanger J.C. 1996. Downsizing and productivity growth: myth or reality?. Small Business Economics, 8 (4): 259-278 DOI: 10.1007/BF00393276.
  10. Baldwin J., Picot G. 1995. Employment by small producers in the Canadian manufacturing sector. Small Business Economics, 7 (4): 317-331 DOI: 10.1007/BF01108620
  11. Baldwin J., Dunne T., Haltiwanger J. 1998. A comparison of job creation and job destruction in Canada and United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80 (3): 347-355 DOI: 10.1162/003465398557528
  12. Banca d’Italia. 2000. Relazione annuale sul 1999. Banca d’Italia: Roma.
  13. Banca d’Italia. 2009. Rapporto sulle tendenze nel sistema produttivo italiano. Questioni di Economia e Finanza 45.
  14. Bartelsman E., Scarpetta S., Schivardi F. 2003. Comparative analysis of firm demographics and survival: micro-level evidence for the OECD countries. OECD Economics Department Working Papers 348.
  15. Bassanini A. 2010. Inside the perpetual-motion machine: cross-country comparable evidence on job and worker flows at the industry and firm level. Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(6): 2097-2134 DOI: 10.1093/icc/dtq061
  16. Becchetti L., Trovato G. 2002. The determinants of growth for small and medium sized firms. The role of the availability of external finance. Small Business Economics, 19 (4): 2991-306 DOI: 10.1023/A:1019678429111
  17. Birch D.L. 1979. The Job Generation Process. Final Report to Economic Development Administration. MIT Program on Neighborhood and Regional Change: Cambridge (Mass.).
  18. Birch D.L. 1987. Job Creation in America: How Our Smallest Companies Put the Most People to Work. The Free Press: New York.
  19. Bottazzi G., Cefis E., Dosi G., Secchi A. 2007. Invariances and diversities in the patterns of industrial evolution: some evidence from Italian manufacturing industries. Small Business Economics, 29 (1-2): 137-159 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-006-0014-y
  20. Calvo J.L. 2006, Testing Gibrat’s law for small, young and innovative firms. Small Business Economics, 26 (2): 117-123 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-004-2135-5
  21. Carree M., Klomp L. 1996. Small business and job creation: a comment. Small Business Economics, 8 (4): 317-322 DOI: 10.1007/BF00393279
  22. Cefis E., Gabriele R. 2009. Spatial disaggregation patterns and structural determinants of job flows: an empirical analysis. International Review of Applied Economics, 23 (1): 89-111 DOI: 10.1080/02692170802496778
  23. Coltorti F. 2004. Le medie imprese industriali italiane: nuovi aspetti economici e finanziari. Economia e Politica Industriale, 31 (121): 5-26.
  24. Contini B., Revelli R. 1989. The relationship between firm growth and labor demand. Small Business Economics, 1 (4): 309-314 DOI: 10.1007/BF00393810
  25. Contini B., Revelli R. 1997. Gross flows vs. net flows in the labor market: what is there to be learned?. Labour Economics, 4 (3): 245-263 DOI: 10.1016/S0927-5371(97)00018-3
  26. Contini B., Cornaglia F., Malpede C. 2002. Creazione e distruzione di posti di lavoro, in Contini B. (a cura di) Osservatorio sulla mobilità del lavoro in Italia. il Mulino: Bologna.
  27. Corbetta G. 2000. Le medie imprese. Alla ricerca della loro identità. EGEA: Milano.
  28. Davidsson P., Lindmark L., Olofsson C. 1998. The extent of overestimation of small firm job creation. An empirical examination of the regression bias. Small Business Economics, 11 (1): 87-100 DOI: 10.1023/A:1016543211612
  29. Davis S.J., Haltiwanger J.C. 1992. Gross job creation, gross job destruction, and employment reallocation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (3): 819-863.
  30. Davis S.J., Haltiwanger J.C., Schuh S. 1996. Job Creation and Destruction. MIT Press: Cambridge (Mass.).
  31. Dunne T., Roberts M.J., Samuelson L. 1989. Plant turnover and gross employment flows in the US manufacturing sector. Journal of Labor Economics, 7 (1): 48-71 DOI: 10.1086/298198
  32. Dunne P., Hughes A. 1994. Age, growth, size and survival: UK companies in the 1980s. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 42 (2): 115-140 DOI: 10.2307/2950485
  33. Evans D.S. 1987. The relationship between firm growth, size, and age: estimates for 100 manufacturing industries. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 35 (4): 567-581 DOI: 10.2307/2098588
  34. Fagiolo G., Luzzi A. 2006. Do liquidity constraints matter in explaining firm size and growth?. Some evidence from the Italian manufacturing firms. Industrial and Corporate Change, 15 (1): 1-39 DOI: 10.1093/icc/dtj001
  35. Friedman M. 1992. Do old fallacies ever die?. Journal of Economic Literature, 30 (4): 2129-2132.
  36. Geroski P.A. 1998. An applied econometrician’s view of large company performance. Review of Industrial Organization, 13 (3): 271-293 DOI: 10.1023/A:1007725026859
  37. Gibrat R. 1931. Les Ingalits Economiques. Sirey: Parigi.
  38. Goddard J., Wilson J., Blandon P. 2002. Panel tests of Gibrat’s law for Japanese manufacturing. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20 (3): 415-433 DOI: 10.1016/S0167-7187(00)00085-0
  39. Gomez-Salvador R., Messina G., Vallanti G. 2004. Gross job flows and institutions in Europe. Labour Economics, 11 (4): 469-485 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2004.02.006
  40. Hall B.H. 1987. The relationship between firm size and firm growth in the US manufacturing sector. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 35 (4): 583-606 DOI: 10.2307/2098589
  41. Haltiwanger J.C., Jarmin R.S., Miranda J. 2010. Who creates jobs? Small vs. large vs. young. NBER Working Paper 16300.
  42. Hart P.E., Oulton N. 1996. Growth and size of firms. The Economic Journal, 106 (438): 1242-1252 DOI: 10.2307/2235518.
  43. Hijzen A., Upward R., Wright P.W. 2010. Job creation, job destruction and the role of small firms: firm level evidence for the UK. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 72 (5): 621-647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2010.00584.x
  44. Ijiri Y, Simon H.A. 1977. Skew Distributions and the Size of Business Firms. North-Holland: New York.
  45. Istat. 2005. La demografia d’impresa: anni 1999-2003. Statistiche in breve. Istat: Roma.
  46. Jovanovic B. 1982. Selection and the evolution of industry. Econometrica, 50 (3): 649-670 DOI: 10.2307/1912606
  47. Klette T.J., Kortum S. 2004. Innovating firms and aggregate innovation. Journal of Political Economy, 112 (5): 986-1018 DOI: 10.1086/422563
  48. Konings J. 1995. Gross job flows and the evolution of size in UK establishments. Small Business Economics, 7 (3): 213-220 DOI: 10.1007/BF01135366
  49. Lucas R.E.J. 1978. On the size distribution of business firms. The Bell Journal of Economics, 9 (2): 508-523 DOI: 10.2307/3003596
  50. Neumark D., Wall B., Zhang J. 2011. Do small businesses create more jobs? New evidence from the national establishment time series. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 93 (1): 16-29 DOI: 10.1162/REST_a_00060
  51. Oliveira B., Fortunato A. 2006. Firm growth and liquidity constraints: a dynamic analysis. Small Business Economics, 27 (2-3): 139-156 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-006-0006-y
  52. Olley G.S., Pakes A. 1996. The dynamics of productivity in the telecommunications equipment industry. Econometrica, 64 (6): 1263-1297 DOI: 10.2307/2171831
  53. Pissarides C.A. 2000. Equilibrium Unemployment Theory. Blackwell: Oxford.
  54. Rossi S. 2008. Lo stato dell’industria italiana e le sue prospettive. L’Industria, 29 (Special Issue): 81-97.
  55. Rossi-Hansberg E., Wright M.L.J. 2007. Establishment size dynamics in the aggregate economy. American Economic Review, 97 (5): 1639-1666 DOI: 10.1257/aer.97.5.1639
  56. Stangler D. 2010. High-growth firms and the future of the American economy. Kauffman Foundation Working Paper.
  57. Stanley M.H.R., Amaral L.A.N., Buldyrev S.V., Havlin S., Leschhorn H., Maass P., Salinger M.A., Stanley H.E. 1996. Scaling behaviour in the growth of companies. Nature, 379 (6568): 804-806 DOI: 10.1038/379804a0
  58. Sutton J. 1997. Gibrat’s legacy. Journal of Economic Literature, 35 (1): 40-59.
  59. Sutton J. 2002. The variance of firm growth rates: the ‘scaling’ puzzle. Physica A, 312 (3): 577-590 DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)00852-X
  60. Sweeney R., Ulveling E. 1972. A transformation for simplifying the interpretation of coefficients of binary variables in regression analysis. The American Statistician, 26 (5): 30-32.
  61. Traù F. 1999. La questione dimensionale. il Mulino: Bologna.
  62. Yasuda T. 2005. Firm growth, size, age and behavior in Japanese manufacturing. Small Business Economics, 24 (1): 1-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-005-7568-y
  63. Zanchi L. 1998. Inter industry wage differentials in dummy variable models. Economics Letters, 60 (3): 297-301 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1765(98)00120-7

Marco Corsino, Roberto Gabriele, Sandro Trento, Il ruolo della dimensione e dell’età nella crescita occupazionale delle PMI italiane in "ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE " 1/2013, pp 53-88, DOI: 10.3280/POLI2013-001003