Click here to download

Psychotic risk: what type of intervention?
Journal Title: RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA 
Author/s: Angelo Cocchi, Anna Meneghelli 
Year:  2013 Issue: 3 Language: Italian 
Pages:  25 Pg. 131-155 FullText PDF:  394 KB
DOI:  10.3280/RSF2013-003007
(DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation:  clicca qui   and here 


The onset at a young age of potential prodromal psychotic symptoms, the necessity to use appropriate assessment programs to detect and identify symptoms in a non-stigmatizing setting, and also the need to provide truly supportive and therapeutic interventions, are focal issues currently discussed within the international scientific community. The authors summon up 15 years of experience in a centre for early detection and intervention of mental illness, centre specifically designed for the treatment of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and of cases with ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis ("Programma 2000" in Milan). The authors then present some practical ideas on how mental health services can respond to a younger population’s needs. The conviction that early detection may help to prevent the transition to psychosis, or at least may reduce the severity of the disease, supports the hope that the future of many young people may be improved. The health personnel of such services must be highly motivated, interested and curious, and express as well a clear desire to experience in the workplace evidence based innovations.
Keywords: Ultra high psychotic risk, early detection, UHR treatment, prevention.

  1. [1] Häfner H, Maurer K, Ruhrmann S, et al. Early detection and secondary prevention of psychosis: facts and visions. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience 2005; 254(2):117-128.
  2. [2] Häfner H, Maurer K, an der Heiden W. ABC Schizophrenia study: an overview of results since 1996. Soc. Psychiatry Psichiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:10211031.
  3. [3] Esterberg ML, Trotman HD, Holtzman C, Compton MT, Walker EF. The impact of a family history of psychosis on age-at-onset and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research 2010; 120: 121-130.
  4. [4] Preti A, Pisano A, Cascio MT, Monzani E, Meneghelli A, Cocchi A. Obstetric complications in early psychosis: Relation with family history of psychosis. Psychiatry Research 2012; 200: 708-714.
  5. [5] Addington J, Addington D. Effects of substance misuse in early psychosis. British J. Of Psychiatry 1998; 172: 134-136.
  6. [6] Larsen TK, Melle I, Auestad B, Friis S, Haahr U, Johannessen JO, et al. Substance abuse in first episode non-affective psychosis. Schizophrenia research 2006; 88: 55-62.
  7. [7] Comparelli A. Lo stato mentale a rischio e la sua valutazione. Roma: Alpes Italia; 2011.
  8. [8] Sistema Nazionale Linee Guida. Gli interventi precoci nella schizofrenia. Ministero della Salute; 2007.
  9. [9] Stafford M, Jackson H, Mayo-Wilson E, Morrison AP, Kendall T. Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 346:f185, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f185:1-13
  10. [10] Häfner H, Löffler W, Maurer K, Riecher-Rössler A, Nowtny B. Onset and early course of schizophrenia. In: Häfner H, Gattaz WF, ed. Search of the Causes of Schizophrenia, vol. III. Darmstadt: Steinkopff Verlag; 1995.
  11. [11] De Girolamo G, Dagani J, Purcell R, Cocchi A, McGorry PD. Age of onset of mental disorders and use of mental health services: needs, opportunities and obstacles. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 2012; 21, 1: 47-58.
  12. [12] Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, Bechdolf A, Addington J, Riecher-Rossler A, Schultze-LutterF, et al. The Psychosis High-Risk State. A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review. Jama Psychiatry 2013; 70 (no. 1): 107-120.
  13. [13] McGorry PD, Hickie IB, Yung AR, Pantelis C, Jackson H. Clinical staging of psychiatric disorders: a heuristic framework for choosing earlier, safer and more effective interventions. Australian NZJ Psychiatry 2006; 40(8): 616-622.
  14. [14] Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, Preti A. Programma 2000: Celebrating Ten Years of Activity of an Italian Pilot Program on Early Intervention in Psychosis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 42: 1003-1012.
  15. [15] Meneghelli A, Cocchi A, Preti A. “Programma2000”: a multi-modal pilot programme on early intervention in psychosis underway in Italy since 1999. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2010; 4: 97-103.
  16. [16] Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012.
  17. [17] Van Os J, Kapur S. Schizophrenia. www.thelancet.com 2009; 374.
  18. [18] McFarlane WR, Dixon L, Lukens E, Luckstedt A. Family psychoeducation and schizophrenia: a review of the literature. Journal Marital Family therapy 2003; 29(2): 223-45.
  19. [19] Singh SP. Early intervention in psychosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 196: 343–345.
  20. [20] Meneghelli A, Pisano A, Coronelli I, Cocchi A. Programma 2000. Un apripista con molte funzioni. Nuova Rassegna di Studi Psichiatrici 2013; n. 9 in corso di pubblicazione.
  21. [21] Raballo A, Meneghelli A, Cocchi A, Sisti D, Rocchi MBL, Alpi A, Cascio MT, Preti A, Maurer K, Häfner H. Shades of vulnerability: latent structures of clinical caseness in prodromal and early phases of schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry and Cli Neurosci 2013; DOI 10.1007/s00406-013-0421-4.
  22. [22] Meneghelli A, Alpi A, Cascio M T, Häfner H, Maurer K, Preti A et al. Versione Italiana dell’Early Recognition Inventory for the retrospective assessment of the Onset of Schizophrenia Checklist: Affidabilità, validità e istruzioni per l’uso. Journal of Psychopatology 2013; in corso di stampa.
  23. [23] Fusar-Poli P, Meneghelli A, Valmaggia L, Allen P, Galvan F, McGuire P, Cocchi A. Duration of untreated prodromal symptoms and 12-month functional outcome of individuals at risk of psychosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2009; 194: 181-182.
  24. [24] Preti A., Meneghelli A., Pisano A., Cocchi A. Risk of suicide and suicidal ideation in psychosis: Results from an Italian multi-modal pilot program on early intervention in psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 2009; 113: 145-150.
  25. [25] Armati L, Meneghelli A, Preti A, Cocchi A. Andamento temporale del Rischio di Suicidio nella Fase Prodromica e all’Esordio della Psicosi: Risultati di un Programma di Intervento Precoce. Psichiatria di Comunità 2011; Vol X, n. 3-4: 118-127.
  26. [26] Cascio MT, Cella M, Preti A, Meneghelli A, Cocchi A. Gender and duration of untreated psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2012; 6:115-127.
  27. [27] Preti A, Pisano A, Cascio MT, Galvan F, Monzani E, Meneghelli A, Cocchi A. Validation of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales as a routine measure of outcome in early intervention programs. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2012; Jan 8,, DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00329
  28. [28] Meneghelli A, Alpi A, Pafumi N, Patelli G, Preti A, Cocchi A. Expressed emotion in first-episode schizophrenia and in ultra high-risk patients: Results from the Programma2000 (Milan, Italy). Psychiatry Research 2011; 189: 331-338.
  29. [29] Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, Erlicher A, Pisano A, Cascio MT, Preti A. Patterns of referral in first-episode schizophrenia and ultra high-risk individuals: Results from an early intervention program in Italy. Soc Psychiatry Psichiat Epidemiol 2012; DOI 10.1007/s00127-013-0736-5
  30. [30] Cocchi A, Mapelli V, Meneghelli A, Preti A. Cost-effectiveness of treating first-episode psychosis: five-year follow-up results from an Italian early intervention programme. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2011; 5: 203-211
  31. [31] www.headspace.org.au.
  32. [32] Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, Monzani E, Preti A. Gli insegnamenti dell’Early Intervention in Psychosis. Nuova Rassegna di Studi Psichiatrici 2010. Online, Vol. 2 – 1 giugno 2011.
  33. [33] Meneghelli A, Cocchi A. Organizzazione di un servizio di intervento precoce: serve una bussola. In Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012. p 67-79.
  34. [34] Addington J, Marshall C, French P. Cognitive behavioral therapy in prodromal psychosis. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18(4): 558-65.
  35. [35] Bechdolf A, Wagner M, Ruhrmann S, et al. Preventing progression to first episode psychosis in early initial prodromal states. Br J Psychiatry. 2012; 200(1): 22-29.
  36. [36] Jolley S, Onwumere J, Kuipers E, Craig T, Moriarty A, Garety P. Increasing access to psychological therapies for people with psychosis: Predictors of successful training. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2012; 50: 457-462.
  37. [37] Fricchione GL, Borba CPC, Alem A, Shibre T, Carney JR, Henderson DC. Capacity Building in Global Mental Health: Professional Training. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2012; 20: 47–57.
  38. [38] Rakovshik SG, McManus F. Establishing evidence-based training in cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of current empirical findings and theoretical guidance. Clinical Psychology Review 2010; 30: 496-516.
  39. [39] Fowler D, Hodgekins J, Arena K, et al. Early detection and psychosocial intervention for young people who are at risk of developing long term socially disabling severe mental illness: should we give equal priority to functional recovery and complex emotional dysfunction as to psychotic symptoms? Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2010; 7: 63-71.
  40. [40] Meneghelli A, Fowler D. La psicoterapia nelle fasi inziali delle psicosi. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p. 82-95.
  41. [41] Kuipers E, Onwumere J, Bebbington P. Cognitive model of caregivering in psychosis. Br J Psych 2010; 196: 259-65.
  42. [42] Addington J, Collins A, McCleery A, Addington D. The role of family work in early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 2005; 79: 77-83.
  43. [43] Patelli G, Pafumi. Il trattamento rivolto ai famigliari. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p. 151-165.
  44. [44] Pilling S, Bebbington P, Kuipers E, Garety P, Geddes J, Orbach G, Morgan C. Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: II. Meta-analysis of family intervention and cognitive behaviour therapy. Psychological Medicine 2002; 32: 783-91.
  45. [45] Alpi A, Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, Pafumi A, Patelli G. Lavorare con le famiglie negli esordi psicotici. Un intervento strutturato per i caregiver. Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia 2008; vol.30, n.3: 62-70.
  46. [46] Preti A, Cella M. Randomized-controlled trials in people at ultra high risk of psychosis: A review of treatment effectiveness. Schizophrenia Research 2010; 123: 30-36.
  47. [47] Porcellana M, Barbera S, Morganti C. Trattamenti farmacologici nei pazienti ad alto rischio. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p 143-149.
  48. [48] Galvan F, Pisano A. Strategie di supporto all’integrazione sociale. In : Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p 110-117.
  49. [49] Fresco A, Amato L, Collavo M, Meliante M. Gruppi riabilitativi e coinvolgimento dell’utenza. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p 119-128.
  50. [50] Ruggeri M, Zoppei S, Lasalvia A. La ricerca: cosa ci dicono (e cosa non ci dicono) le evidenze scientifiche nell’ambito dei trattamenti psicosociali sull’esordio psicotico. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: ediermes; 2012, p 205-234.
  51. [51] Häfner H, Maurer K. Prodromal Symptoms and Early Detection of Schizophrenia. In: Maj M, López-Ibor JJ, Sartorius N, Sato M, Okaha A, ed. Early Detection and Management of Mental Disorders. London: John Wiley & Sons; 2005.
  52. [52] Macciardi F, Gaudi S. Basi ereditarie delle malattie psichiatriche: geni, genoma ed epigenoma. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p 235-241.
  53. [53] Ciufolini S, Dazzan P. Primo episodio psicotico: neuroimaging e predizione d’esito. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p. 243-250.
  54. [54] Bird V, Premkumar P, Kendall T, Whittington C, Mitchell J, Kuipers E. Early intervention services, cognitive-behavioural therapy and family intervention in early psychosis: systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 197: 350-356.
  55. [55] Asioli F. È cambiata la “presa in carico”? Psichiatria di Comunità 2010; IX, 2: 66-71.
  56. [56] Lora A, Monzani E. Servizi di salute mentale e disturbi mentali all’esordio: una prospettiva di salute pubblica. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p 47-55.
  57. [57] Preti A, Raballo A. Fattori di rischio per la psicosi: gli stati mentali ad alto rischio. In: Cocchi A, Meneghelli A, ed. Rischio ed esordio psicotico: una sfida che continua. Manuale di intervento precoce. Milano: edi-ermes; 2012, p 25-37.
  58. [58] Editoriale. Mental health care in the UK: time for change. The Lancet 2013; vol 382, n. 9899: 1154.
  59. [59] McGlashan T. Documento IEPA 2008.
  60. [60] Lorenzin B. Conferenza stampa Ministro della Salute. Ottobre 2013.

Angelo Cocchi, Anna Meneghelli, Psychotic risk: what type of intervention? in "RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA" 3/2013, pp. 131-155, DOI:10.3280/RSF2013-003007

   

FrancoAngeli is a member of Publishers International Linking Association a not for profit orgasnization wich runs the CrossRef service, enabing links to and from online scholarly content