The authors demonstrate that reducing Islam to an "all-encompassing essence", as some Islamist and political discourses do, has the disadvantage of placing the debate on the register of ideology by depriving it of anthropological and historical data. They analyze the consequences of the mutation of traditional and institu-tional Muslim forms into increasingly individual and subjective choices, which lead to the best and the worst: if the world of work has proved to be a constitu-tive element of a new European Muslim theological production, which has elabo-rated a "Muslim social thought" open to pluralism, Europe is also seeing the growth of the foundations of an anti-social thought of Muslims who refer to Wahhabi ideology.
Keywords: Company, Islam, Identity, Muslim social thought, Muslim anti-social thought