Che cos'è la psicoterapia come scienza? ABSTRACT: In his discussion of the many kinds of knowledge of reality, the author focuses on the scientific ones, within which he wants to pose also the development of the science of psychotherapy. The question of the role of psychotherapy in the scientific realm, and in particular in the realm of the medicaI sciences, is not coped with in the paper, since psychotherapy is defined not as a medical but as a «psychological» science, which helps sick people find a meaning in their lives and in their histories. The scientific procedure that the psychotherapist should follow will then simply be a struggle for founding a therapeutic dialogue while exerting his/her task of observator of an illness, opposing him/herself against a society, like our contemporary one, which lacks the courage of accomplishing the necessary reflection upon its multiple and diversified dilemmas.