In Italy, even if men have always been employed in nursing care and we have witnessed female doctors since the beginning of 20th century, health care services are shaped along the professional dominance of male-doctors upon femalenurses. Yet, at the end of the nineties the situation changed. By now, almost half of the doctors are women while about a fifth (21% - February 2001) of nurses are men. Such a situation, according to Giovanna Vicarelli, deserves a set of reflections in order to understand its consequences on professional identities and on the organization of health care services