Clicca qui per scaricare

Condividi
Cultural mechanisms in neighborhood effects research in the united states
Titolo Rivista: SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE 
Autori/Curatori: David J. Harding, Peter Hepburn 
Anno di pubblicazione:  2014 Fascicolo: 103 Lingua: Inglese 
Numero pagine:  37 P. 37-73 Dimensione file:  787 KB
DOI:  10.3280/SUR2014-103004
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più:  clicca qui   qui 


Il contributo discute lo stato attuale della letteratura statunitense sui meccanismi culturali nella ricerca sui neighborhood effects. In primo luogo si definisce cosa si intende per effetto quartiere e per meccanismi culturali. Si passa poi in rassegna e si fornisce un’analisi critica di due prospettive teoriche sul contesto culturale dei quartieri svantaggiati che sono esplicitamente integrate nella recente letteratura sui neighborhood effects negli Stati Uniti: la prospettiva della "subcultura deviante" e quella della "eterogeneità culturale". Gli autori hanno poi attinto dalla letteratura americana sugli studi urbani, dalla sociologia culturale su cultura e diseguaglianza per proporre alcune concettualizzazioni che possono rivelarsi utili nell’accrescere la comprensione del ruolo della cultura nei neighborhood effects. Infine si discutono le questioni concettuali e metodologiche che dovranno essere affrontate per un avanzamento delle riflessioni sul tema e si conclude offrendo proposte concrete, sia a breve che a lungo termine, per un’agenda di ricerca.


Keywords: Povertà, quartiere, cultura, meccanismo, repertorio, eterogeneità.

  1. Wilson W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner-City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  2. Wilson W.J. (1996). When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Knopf.
  3. Abbott A. (2001). Time Matters: On Theory and Method. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Ainsworth-Darnell J., Downey D. (1998). Assessing the Oppositional Culture Explanation for Racial/Ethnic Differences in School Performance. American Sociological Review, 63: 536-553., DOI: 10.2307/265726
  4. Alexander J.C., Smith P. (1993). The discourse of American civil society: A new proposal for cultural studies. Theory and Society, 22(2):151–207., DOI: 10.1007/BF0099349
  5. Wilson W.J. (2009). More Than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc.
  6. Zukin S. (1987). Gentrification: Culture and Capital in the Urban Core. Annual Review of Sociology, 13: 129-147., DOI: 10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.00102
  7. Anderson E. (1978). A Place on the Corner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  8. Anderson E. (1990). Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  9. Anderson E. (1999). Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: W.W. Norton.
  10. Berg M.T., Stewart E.A., Brunson R.K., Simons R.L. (2012). Neighborhood Cultural Heterogeneity and Adolescent Violence. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 28(3): 411–35., DOI: 10.1007/s10940-011-9146-
  11. Berg M.T., Stewart E.A, Schreck C.J., Simons R.L. (2012). The Victim-Offender Overlap in Context: Examining the Role of Neighborhood Street Culture. Criminology, 50(2): 359–90., DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011.00265.
  12. Berg M.T., Stewart E.A, Stewart E., Simons R.L. (2013). A Multilevel Examination of Neighborhood Social Processes and College Enrollment. Social Problems, 60(4): 513–34., DOI: 10.1525/sp.2013.60.4.51
  13. Bourdieu P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. [Translated by Richard Nice]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  14. Bourdieu P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In Richardson J.E. (ed.). Handbook of Theory of Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenword Press, pp. 241–58.
  15. Bourdieu P., Passeron J. (1977). Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  16. Boyd M. (2000). Reconstructing Bronzeville: Racial Nostalgia and Neighborhood Redevelopment. Journal of Urban Affairs, 22(2): 107-122., DOI: 10.1111/0735-2166.0004
  17. Browning C.R., Leventhal T., Brooks-Gunn J. (2004). Neighborhood Context and Racial Differences in Early Adolescent Sexual Activity. Demography, 41: 697–720., DOI: 10.1353/dem.2004.002
  18. Browning C.R., Leventhal T., Brooks-Gunn J. (2005). Sexual Initiation in Early Adolescence: The Nexus of Parental and Community Control. American Sociological Review, 70: 758–78., DOI: 10.1177/00031224050700050
  19. Carter P. (2005). Keepin’ It Real: School Success Beyond Black and White. New York: Oxford University Press.
  20. Coleman J.S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94: S95-S120., DOI: 10.1086/22894
  21. Cook P., Ludwig J. (1998). The Burden of ‘Acting White’: Do Black Adolescents Disparage Academic Achievement? In Jenks C., Phillips M. (eds.). The Black White Test Score Gap. Washington, D.C.: Brookings, pp. 375-401.
  22. DiMaggio P. (1991). Social Structure Institutions and Cultural Goods: The Case of the United States. In Bourdieu P., Coleman J. (ed.). Social Theory for a Changing Society Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 133–55. DiMaggio P. (1997). Culture and Cognition. Annual Review of Sociology, 23: 263-87., DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.26
  23. Duneier M. (1992). Slim’s Table: Race, Respectability, and Masculinity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  24. Edin K., Kefalas M. (2005). Promises I Can Keep: Why Poor Women Put Motherhood Before Marriage. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  25. Eliasoph N., Lichterman P. (2003). Culture in Interaction. American Journal of Sociology, 108(4): 735–94., DOI: 10.1086/36792
  26. Emirbayer M., Goodwin J. (1994). Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency. American Journal of Sociology, 99(6): 1411–54., DOI: 10.1086/23045
  27. Emirbayer M., Mische A. (1998). What Is Agency? American Journal of Sociology, 103(4): 962–1023., DOI: 10.1086/23129
  28. Ewick P., Silbey S. (2003). Narrating Social Structure: Stories of Resistance to Legal Authority. American Journal of Sociology, 108(6):1328–72., DOI: 10.1086/37803
  29. Fischer C.S. (1975). Toward a Subcultural Theory of Urbanism. American Journal of Sociology, 80(6):1319–41., DOI: 10.1086/22599
  30. Fischer C.S. (1995). The Subcultural Theory of Urbanism: A Twentieth-Year Assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 101(3): 543–77., DOI: 10.1086/23075
  31. Fordham S., Ogbu J. (1986). Black Students’ School Success: Coping with the Burden of ‘Acting White.’ Urban Review, 18(3): 176-206., DOI: 10.1007/BF0111219
  32. Frye M. (2012). Bright Futures in Malawi’s New Dawn: Educational Aspirations as Assertions of Identity. American Journal of Sociology, 117(6): 1565–1624., DOI: 10.1086/66454
  33. Goffman E. (1986). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Lebanon, NH: Northeastern University Press.
  34. Hannerz U. (1969). Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community. New York: Columbia University Press.
  35. Harding D.J. (2007). Cultural Context, Sexual Behavior, and Romantic Relationships in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods. American Sociological Review 72: 341-364., DOI: 10.1177/00031224070720030
  36. Harding D.J. (2009). Violence, Older Peers, and the Socialization of Adolescent Boys in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods. American Sociological Review 74(3): 445-464., DOI: 10.1177/00031224090740030
  37. Harding D.J. (2010). Living the Drama: Community, Conflict, and Culture among Inner-City Boys. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  38. Harding D.J. (2011). Rethinking the Cultural Context of Schooling Decisions in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: From Deviant Subculture to Cultural Heterogeneity. Sociology of Education, 84(4): 322–339., DOI: 10.1177/003804071141700
  39. Harding D.J., Gennetian L., Winship C., Sanbonmatsu L., Kling J. (2011). Unpacking Neighborhood Influences on Education Outcomes: Setting the Stage for Future Research. In Duncan
  40. G., Murnane R.. (eds.). Whither Opportunity: Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children’s Life Chances. New York: Russell Sage; Chicago: Spencer Foundation, p. 277-296.
  41. Harris A.L. (2006). I (Don’t) Hate School: Revisiting Oppositional Culture Theory of Blacks’ Resistance to Schooling. Social Forces, 85: 797-834., DOI: 10.1353/sof.2007.0006HedströmP.,YlikoskiP.(2010).Causalmechanismsinthesocialsciences.AnnualReviewofSociology,36:49–67.doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.10263
  42. Hipp J., Perrin A.. (2006). Nested Loyalties: Local Networks’ Effects on Neighbourhood and Community Cohesion. Urban Studies, 43(13): 2503–24. 10.1080/00420980600970706
  43. Hipp J.R., Boessen A. (2013). Egohoods As Waves Washing Across the City: a New Measure of ‘Neighborhoods’. Criminology, 51(2): 287–327., DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.1200
  44. Hipp J.R., Faris R.W., Boessen A. (2012). Measuring ‘neighborhood’: Constructing network neighborhoods. Social Networks, 34(1): 128–40., DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2011.05.00
  45. Holland D.C., Quinn N. (1987). Culture and Cognition. In Quinn N., Holland D. (ed.). Cultural Models in Language and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, P. 38.
  46. Jargowsky P.A. (1997). Poverty and Place: Ghettos, Barrios, and the American City. Russell Sage, New York.
  47. Jepperson R.L., Swidler A. (1994). What properties of culture should we measure? Poetics, 22(4): 359–71., DOI: 10.1016/0304-422X(94)90014-
  48. Kaufman J. (2004). Endogenous Explanation in the Sociology of Culture. Annual Review of Sociology, 30(1): 335–57., DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.11060
  49. Kirk D.S., Papachristos A.V. (2011). Cultural Mechanisms and the Persistence of Neighborhood Violence. American Journal of Sociology, 116(4): 1190-1233., DOI: 10.1086/65575
  50. Kirschenman J., Neckerman K.M. (1991). “We’d Love to Hire Them, But…, The Meaning of Race for Employers”. In Jencks C., Peterson P.E. (eds.). The Urban Underclass. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, pp. 203-234.
  51. Kornhauser R.R. (1978). Social Sources of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  52. Kubrin C., Weitzer R. (2003). Retaliatory Homicide: Concentrated Disadvantage and Neighborhood Culture. Social Forces, 50(2): 157-180., DOI: 10.1525/sp.2003.50.2.15
  53. Lagrange H. (2010). Le déni des cultures. Paris: Seuil.
  54. Lamont M. (1992). Money, Morals, and Manners: The Culture of the French and American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  55. Lamont M., Lareau A. (1988). Cultural Capital: Allusions, Gaps, and Glissandos in Recent Theoretical Developments. Sociological Theory, 6: 153-168., DOI: 10.2307/20211
  56. Lamont M., Thévenot L. (2000). Rethinking Comparative Cultural Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  57. Lamont M., Mizrachi N. (2012). Ordinary people doing extraordinary things: responses to stigmatization in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35: 365-381., DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2011.58952
  58. Lamont M., Beljean S., Claire M. (2014). What is Missing? Cultural Processes and Causal Pathways to Inequality. Socioeconomic Review. (Forthcoming)
  59. Lareau A. (2003). Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  60. Lewis O. (1966). La Vida: A Puerto Rican Family in the Culture of Poverty – San Juan and New York. New York: Random House.
  61. Lewis O. (1968). A Study of Slum Culture: Backgrounds for La Vida. New York: Random House.
  62. Liebow E. (1967). Tally’s Corner: A Study of Negro Streetcorner Men. Boston: Little, Brown Link B.G., Phelan J.C. (2001). Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27: 363-385., DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.36
  63. Lizardo O., Skiles S. (2008). Cultural Consumption in the Fine and Popular Arts Realms. Sociology Compass, 2(2): 485–502., DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00101.
  64. Lloyd R. (2002). Neo-Bohemia: Art and Neighborhood Redevelopment in Chicago. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(5): 517-532., DOI: 10.1111/1467-9906.0014
  65. Martin J.L. (2010). Life’s a beach but you're an ant, and other unwelcome news for the sociology of culture. Poetics, 38(2): 229–44., DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2009.11.00
  66. Massey D.S., Denton N. (1993). American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of an Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  67. Mele C. (1996). Globalization, Culture, and Neighborhood Change: Reinventing the Lower East Side of New York. Urban Affairs Review, 32(1): 3-22., DOI: 10.1177/10780874960320010
  68. Mische A. (2009). Projects and Possibilities: Researching Futures in Action. Sociological Forum, 24(3): 694–704., DOI: 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01127.
  69. Mohr J., DiMaggio P. (1995). The Intergenerational Transmission of Cultural Capital. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 14: 167–99.
  70. Mohr J.W., Duquenne V. (1997). The duality of culture and practice: Poverty relief in New York City, 1888--1917. Theory and Society, 26(2/3, Special Double Issue on New Directions in Formalization and Historical Analysis): 305–56.
  71. Moynihan D.P. (1965). The Negro Family: The Case for National Action. 78. Washington DC: Department of Labor
  72. Newman K.S. (1999). No Shame in My Game: The Working Poor in the Inner City. New York: Vintage and Russel Sage.
  73. Padgett J.F., Ansell C.K.. (1993). Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434. American Journal of Sociology, 98(6): 1259–1319., DOI: 10.1086/23019
  74. Parsons T. (1951). The Social System. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
  75. Portes A., Zhou M. (1993). The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 530: 74–96., DOI: 10.1177/000271629353000100
  76. Pugh A.J. (2013). What good are interviews for thinking about culture? Demystifying interpretive analysis. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 1(1): 42–68., DOI: 10.1057/ajcs.2012.
  77. Raudenbush S., Sampson R.J. (1999). “Ecometrics”: Toward A Science of Assessing Ecological Settings, with Application to the Systematic Social Observation of Neighborhoods. Sociological Methodology, 29: 1-41. doi. 10.1111/0081-1750.00059
  78. Rodman H. (1963). The Lower-Class Value Stretch. Social Forces, 42(2): 205–15. doi. 10.2307/2575693
  79. Sampson R.J., Bartusch D.J. (1998). Legal Cynicism and (Subcultural?) Tolerance of Deviance: The Neighborhood Context of Racial Differences. Law and Society Review, 32(4): 777-804., DOI: 10.2307/82773
  80. Sampson R.J., Bean L. (2006). Cultural Mechanisms and Killing Fields: A Revised Theory of Community-Level Racial Inequality. In Peterson R.D., Krivo L.J., Hagan J. (ed.). The Many Colors of Crime: Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America. New York: New York University Press, pp. 8–36. Sampson R.J., Raudenbush S., Earls F. (1997). Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy. Science, 227: 918–24. doi. 10.1126/science.277.5328.918
  81. Sampson R.J., Raudenbush S.W. (2004). Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of Broken Windows. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67: 319-342., DOI: 10.1177/01902725040670040
  82. Sampson R.J. (2012). Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  83. Sánchez-Jankowski M. (2008). Cracks in the Pavement: Social Change and Resilience in Poor Neighborhoods. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
  84. Schudson M. (1989). How Culture Works: Perspectives from Media Studies on the Efficacy of Symbols. Theory and Society, 18: 153–80., DOI: 10.1007/BF0016075
  85. Sewell Jr., William H. (1992). A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 98(1): 1–29.
  86. Sewell Jr., William H. (1996). Historical Events as Transformations of Structurs: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille. Theory and Society, 25(6): 841–81., DOI: 10.1007/BF0015981
  87. Shaw C.R. (1929). Delinquency Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  88. Shaw C.R., McKay H.D. (1969). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Revised edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  89. Silver D., Clark T.N., Navarro Yanez C.J. (2010). Scenes: Social Context in an Age of Contingency. Social Forces, 88(5): 2293–2324., DOI: 10.1353/sof.2010.004
  90. Skrentny J.D. (2008). Culture and Race/Ethnicity: Bolder, Deeper, and Broader. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 619(1): 59–77., DOI: 10.1177/000271620831976
  91. Small M.L. (2004). Villa Victoria: The Transformation of Social Capital in a Boston Barrio. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  92. Small M.L. (2006). Neighborhood Institutions as Resource Brokers: Childcare Centers, Inter-Organizational Ties, and Resource Access among the Poor. Social Problems, 53(2): 274–92., DOI: 10.1525/sp.2006.53.2.27
  93. Small M.L. (2009). Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.
  94. Small M.L., Jacobs E.M., Massengill R.P. (2008). Why Organizational Ties Matter for Neighborhood Effects: A Study of Resource Access through Childcare Centers. Social Forces, 87(1): 387–414., DOI: 10.1353/sof.0.007
  95. Small M.L., McDermott M. (2006). The Presence of Organizational Resources in Poor Urban Neighborhoods: An Analysis of Average and Contextual Effects. Social Forces, 84(3): 1697–724., DOI: 10.1353/sof.2006.006
  96. Small M.L., Stark L. (2005). Are Poor Neighborhoods Resource-Deprived? A Case Study of Childcare Centers in New York. Social Science Quarterly 86(s1): 1013–36., DOI: 10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00334.
  97. Small M.L., Harding D.J., Lamont M. (2010). Reconsidering Culture and Poverty. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 629(1): 6–27., DOI: 10.1177/000271621036207
  98. Somers M.R. (1994). The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach. Theory and Society, 23(5): 605–49., DOI: 10.1007/BF00992905StewartE.A.,SimonsR.L.(2010).Race,CodeoftheStreet,andViolentDelinquency:AMultilevelInvestigationofNeighborhoodStreetCultureandIndividualNormsofViolence.Criminology,48(2):569-605.doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00196.
  99. Swidler A. (1986). Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. American Sociological Review, 51: 273-86., DOI: 10.2307/209552
  100. Swidler A. (2001). Talk of Love: How Culture Matters. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  101. Tavory I., Swidler A. (2009). Condom Semiotics: Meaning and Condom Use in Rural Malawi. American Sociological Review, 74(2): 171–89., DOI: 10.1177/00031224090740020
  102. Tilly C. (1978). From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
  103. Vaisey S. (2008). Socrates, Skinner, and Aristotle: Three Ways of Thinking About Culture in Action. Sociological Forum, 23(3): 603–13., DOI: 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.00079.
  104. Vaisey S. (2009). Motivation and Justification: a Dual-Process Model of Culture in Action. American Journal of Sociology, 114(6): 1675–1715., DOI: 10.1086/59717
  105. Vaisey S. (2010). What People Want: Rethinking Poverty, Culture, and Educational Attainment. The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 629(1): 75–101., DOI: 10.1177/000271620935714
  106. Vaisey S., Lizardo O. (2010). Can Cultural Worldviews Influence Network Composition? Social Forces, 88: 1–24., DOI: 10.1353/sof.2010.000
  107. Vaisey S. (In Press). Is Interviewing Compatible with the Dual-Process Model of Culture? American Journal of Cultural Sociology.
  108. Valentine C.A. (1968). Culture and Poverty: Critique and Counter-Proposals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  109. Wacquant L. (2008). Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  110. Wherry F.F. (2011). The Philadelphia Barrio: The Arts, Branding, and Neighborhood Transformation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.



  1. John Hagan, Bill McCarthy, Daniel Herda, What the Study of Legal Cynicism and Crime Can Tell Us About Reliability, Validity, and Versatility in Law and Social Science Research in Annual Review of Law and Social Science /2020 pp. 1, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031620-093358
  2. Dirk Enzmann, Ilka Kammigan, Minority Youth and Social Integration pp. 81 (ISBN:978-3-319-89461-4)
  3. Eva Rosen, Horizontal Immobility in American Sociological Review /2017 pp. 270, DOI: 10.1177/0003122417695841
  4. Bill McCarthy, John Hagan, Daniel Herda, Neighborhood climates of legal cynicism and complaints about abuse of police power † in Criminology /2020 pp. 510, DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12246
  5. Murilo Carrazedo Costa Filho, Angela Cavalcanti Rocha, Meanings and attitudes regarding education and household spending priorities of the new middle-class families in Brazil in Journal of Consumer Culture /2020 pp. 146954052092624, DOI: 10.1177/1469540520926246
  6. John Hagan, Bill McCarthy, Daniel Herda, Andrea Cann Chandrasekher, Dual-process theory of racial isolation, legal cynicism, and reported crime in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences /2018 pp. 7190, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722210115

David J. Harding, Peter Hepburn, in "SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE" 103/2014, pp. 37-73, DOI:10.3280/SUR2014-103004

   

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association associazione indipendente e no profit per facilitare l'accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche