Click here to download

Substance addiction and adverse childhood experiences: an empirical study with Childhood
Journal Title: MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA 
Author/s: Cinzia Guarnaccia, Maria Rita Infurna, Maria Lo Cascio, Francesca Giannone 
Year:  2015 Issue: 1 Language: Italian 
Pages:  24 Pg. 95-118 FullText PDF:  155 KB
DOI:  10.3280/MAL2015-001006
(DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation:  clicca qui   and here 


Experience of Care and Abuse Interview. Many studies showed that adverse childhood experiences may increase the risk of substance abuse. Thirty-two male participants in treatment for substance abuse and thirty-two non clinical subjects were interviewed with Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA). Subjects with substance addiction had experienced more neglect, physical abuse, psychological abuse, inconsistent supervision and variable discipline compared with their non clinical control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they were exposed during childhood to a greater number of adverse experiences (p = 0.01) than their control. The study suggests that specific types of adverse childhood experiences can play a key role in the onset of addictive disorders.
Keywords: Abuse, maltreatment, drug addiction, Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse, retrospective interview

  1. Anda, R., Croft, J., Felitti, V., Nordenberg, D., Giles, W., Williamson, D., & Giovino, G. (1999). Adverse childhood experience and smoking during adolescence and adulthood. JAMA, 282, 17, 1652-1958,, 10.1001/jama.282.17.1652DOI: 10.1001/jama.282.17.1652
  2. Bifulco, A., Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. O. (1994). Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA): A retrospective interview measure. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 8, 1419-1435.
  3. Bifulco, A., & Moran, P. (1998). Wednesday’s child: Research into women’s experience of neglect and abuse in childhood, and adult depression.
  4. London, UK: Routledge (Tr. it., Il bambino maltrattato. Le radici della depressione nel trauma e nell’abuso infantile. Roma: Astrolabio, 2007).
  5. Bifulco, A., Moran, P. M., Ball, C., Jacobs, C., Baines, R., Bunn, A., & Cavagin, J. (2002). Childhood adversity, parental vulnerability and disorder: Examining inter-generational transmission of risk. Journal of
  6. Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 1075-1086,, 10.1111/1469-7610.00234DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00234
  7. Bifulco, A., Schimmenti, A., Jacobs, C., Bunn, A., & Rusu, A. C. (2014). Risk factors and psychological outcomes of bullying victimization: A community-based study. Child Indicators Research, 7, 633-648,
  8. 10.1007/s12187-014-9236-8.
  9. Brown, A., & Finkelhor, D. (1986). Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 1, 66-77.
  10. Brown, G. R., & Anderson, B. (1991). Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1, 55-61.
  11. Burnam, M. A., Stein, J. A., Golding, J. M., Siegel, J. M., Sorenson, S. B., Forsythe, A. B., & Telles, C. A. (1988). Sexual assault and mental disorders in a community population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 843-850.
  12. Caretti, V., Craparo, G., & Schimmenti, A. (2010). Fattori evolutivo-relazionali dell’addiction: uno studio sulla dipendenza da eroina. In V. Caretti & D. La Barbera (Eds.), Addiction. Aspetti biologici e di ricerca. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  13. Chauhan, P., & Widom, C. S. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and illicit drug use in middle adulthood: The role of neighborhood characteristics. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 3, 723-738,, 10.1017/S0954579412000338DOI: 10.1017/S0954579412000338
  14. Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. (1991). The making of a developmental psychologist. In J. H. Cantor, C. C. Spiker & L. P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Child behaviour and development: Training for diversity (pp. 34-72). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
  15. Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological, 20, 37-46.
  16. Cohen, F. S., & Densen-Gerber, J. (1982). A study of the relationship between child abuse and drug addiction in 178 patients: Preliminary results. Child Abuse & Neglect, 6, 4, 383-387.
  17. Cohen, L. R., Tross, S., Pavlicova, M., Hu, M. C., Campbell, A. N., & Nunes, E. V. (2009). Substance use, childhood sexual abuse, and sexual risk behavior among women in methadone treatment. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35, 5, 305-310,, 10.1080/00952990903060127DOI: 10.1080/00952990903060127
  18. De Sanctis, V. A., Trampush, J. W., Harty, S. C., Marks, D. J., Newcorn, J. H., Miller, C. J., & Halperin, J. M. (2008). Childhood maltreatment and conduct disorder: independent predictors of adolescent substance use disorders in youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 4, 785-793,, 10.1080/15374410802359650DOI: 10.1080/15374410802359650
  19. De Zulueta, F. (1999). Dal dolore alla violenza: le origini traumatiche dell’aggressività. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
  20. Di Blasio, P. (2000). Psicologia del bambino maltrattato. Bologna: il Mulino.
  21. Di Iorio, C., Hartwell, T., & Hansen, N. (2002). Childhood sexual abuse and risk behaviors among men at high risk for HIV infection. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 2, 214-219.
  22. Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williamson, D.F., Thompson, T. J., Loo, C. M., & Giles, W. H (2004). The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 7, 771-784,, 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008
  23. Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Chapman, D. P., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003). Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study. Pediatrics, 111, 3, 564-572,, 10.1542/peds.111.3.564DOI: 10.1542/peds.111.3.564
  24. Duncan, A. E., Sartor, C. E., Scherrer, J. F., Grant, J. D., Heath, A. C., Nelson, E. C., Jacob T., & Bucholz, K. K. (2008). The association between cannabis abuse and dependence and childhood physical and sexual abuse: Evidence from an offspring of twins design. Addiction, 103, 6, 990-997,, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02210.xDOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02210.x
  25. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245-258.
  26. Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization and the development of the self. New York, NY: Other Press. (Tr. it., Regolazione affettiva, mentalizzazione e sviluppo del sè. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 2005).
  27. Galaif, E. R., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., & Bernstein, D. P. (2001). Gender differences in the prediction of problem alcohol use in adulthood: Exploring the influence of family factors and childhood maltreatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62, 486-493.
  28. Giannone, F. & Lo Verso, G. (2011). Epistemologia, psicologia clinica e complessità. In G. Lo Verso & M. Di Blasi (Eds.), Gruppoanalisi soggettuale. Milano: Cortina.
  29. Giannone, F., Ferraro, A. M., & Lo Verso, G. (2011). Gruppoanalisi soggettuale e teoria del Self. In G. Lo Verso & M. Di Blasi (Eds.), Gruppoanalisi soggettuale. Milano: Cortina.
  30. Giannone, F., Ferraro, A. M., & Pruiti Ciarello, F. (2012). La presa in carico residenziale. Percorsi di ricerca nelle comunità per minori. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, 16, 1, 97-122,, 10.1449/37092DOI: 10.1449/37092
  31. Giannone, F., Schimmenti, A., Caretti, V., Chiarenza, A., Ferraro, A., Guarino, S., Guarnaccia, C., Lucarelli, L., Mancuso, L., Mulé, A., Petrocchi, M., Pruiti, F., Ragonese, N., & Bifulco A. (2011). Validità, attendibilità e proprietà psicometriche della versione italiana dell’intervista CECA
  32. (Childhood Experience Of Care And Abuse). Psichiatria e Psicoterapia, 30, 1, 3-21.
  33. Green, J., McLaughlin, K, Berglund, P., Gruber, M, Sampson, N., Zaslavsky, A., & Kessler, R. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 2, 113-123,, 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186
  34. Haller, D. L., & Miles, D. R. (2004). Personality disturbances in drugdependent women: Relationship to childhood abuse. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 30, 2, 269-286,, 10.1081/ADA-120037378DOI: 10.1081/ADA-120037378
  35. Huang, S., Trapido, E., Fleming, L., Arheart, K., Crandall, L., French, M., & Prado, G. (2011). The long-term effects of childhood maltreatment experiences on subsequent illicit drug use and drug-related problems in young adulthood. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 1, 95-102,, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.09.001DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.09.001
  36. Hyman, S. M., Garcia, M., & Sinha, R. (2006). Gender specific associations between types of childhood maltreatment and the onset, escalation and severity of substance use in cocaine dependent adults. The American journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 32, 4, 655-664,, 10.1080/10623320600919193.DOI: 10.1080/10623320600919193.
  37. Johnsen, L. W., & Harlow, L. L. (1996). Childhood sexual abuse linked with adult substance use, victimization, and AIDS risk. AIDS Education and Prevention, 8, 1, 44-57.
  38. Johnson, R. J., Ross, M. W., Taylor, W. C., Williams, M. L., Carvajal, R. I., & Peters, R. J. (2005). A history of drug use and childhood sexual abuse among incarcerated males in a county jail. Substance Use & Misuse, 40, 2, 211-229,, 10.1081/JA-200048457DOI: 10.1081/JA-200048457
  39. Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Mattern, M., Resch, F., Bifulco, A., & Brunner, R. (2011). Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse (CECA). Validation of the German version of the questionnaire and interview, and results of an investigation of correlations between adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behavior. Zeitschrift fur Kinder und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 39, 4, 243-252,, 10.1024/1422-4917/a000115DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000115
  40. Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 1, 159-174.
  41. Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2010). Does physical abuse in early childhood predict substance use in adolescence and early adulthood? Child Maltreatment, 15, 2, 190-194,, 10.1177/1077559509352359DOI: 10.1177/1077559509352359
  42. Lundgren, K., Gerdner, A., & Lundqvist, L. O. (2002). Childhood abuse and neglect in severely dependent female addicts: Homogeneity and reliability of a Swedish version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. International Journal of Social Welfare, 11, 3, 219-227,, 10.1111/1468-2397.00219DOI: 10.1111/1468-2397.00219
  43. MacMillan, H. L., Fleming, J. E., Streiner, D. L., Lin, E., Boyle, M. H., Jamieson, E., Duku, E. K., Walsh, C. A., Wong, M. Y. Y., & Beardslee, W.
  44. R. (2001). Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 11, 1878-1883,, 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1878DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1878
  45. Meade, C. S., Drabkin, A. S., Hansen, N. B., Wilson, P. A., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2010). Reductions in alcohol and cocaine use following a group coping intervention for HIV‐positive adults with childhood sexual abuse histories. Addiction, 105, 11, 1942-1951,, 10.1111/j.13600443.2010.03075.xDOI: 10.1111/j.13600443.2010.03075.x
  46. Medrano, M. A., Hatch, J. P., Zule, W. A., & Desmond, D. P. (2002).
  47. Psychological distress in childhood trauma survivors who abuse drugs. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 28, 1, 1-13,, 10.1081/ADA-120001278DOI: 10.1081/ADA-120001278
  48. Min, M., Farkas, K., Minnes, S., & Singer, L. T. (2007). Impact of childhood abuse and neglect on substance abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 5, 833-844,, 10.1002/jts.20250.Moran,P.,Vuchinich,S.,&Hall,N.(2004).Associationsbetweentypesofmaltreatmentandsubstanceuseduringadolescence.ChildAbuse&Neglect,28,565-574,doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.12.002DOI: 10.1002/jts.20250.Moran,P.,Vuchinich,S.,&Hall,N.(2004).Associationsbetweentypesofmaltreatmentandsubstanceuseduringadolescence.ChildAbuse&Neglect,28,565-574,doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.12.002
  49. Mullen, P. E., Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E., & Herbison, G. P. (1996). The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: a community study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, 1, 7-21.
  50. NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group (2001). A test of factors mediating the relationship between unwanted sexual activity during childhood and risky sexual practices among women enrolled in the NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial. Women & Health, 33, 163-180.
  51. Ompad D. C., Ikeda, R. M., Shah, N., Fuller, C. M., Bailey, S., Morse, E., Kerndt, P., Maslow, C., Wu, Y., Vlahov, D., Garfein, R., & Strathdee, S. A. (2005). Childhood sexual abuse and age at initiation of injection drug use. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 4, 703.
  52. Oshri, A., Rogosch, F., Burnette, M., & Cicchetti, D. (2011). Developmental pathways to adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence: Child maltreatment, emerging personality, and internalizing versus externalizing psychopathology. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 4, 634-644,, 10.1037/a0023151DOI: 10.1037/a0023151
  53. Pederson, C. L., Vanhorn, D. R., Wilson, J. F., Martorano, L. M., Venema, J. M., & Kennedy, S. M. (2008). Childhood abuse related to nicotine, illicit and prescription drug use by women: Pilot study. Psychological Reports, 103, 2, 459-466,, 10.2466/PR0.103.6.459-466DOI: 10.2466/PR0.103.6.459-466
  54. Polusny, M. A., & Follette, V. M. (1995). Long term correlates of child sexual abuse: Theory and review of the empirical literature. Applied and Preventive Psychology: Current Scientific Perspectives, 4, 143-166,, 10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80055-1DOI: 10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80055-1
  55. Ravndal, E., Lauritzen, G., Frank, O., Jansson, I., & Larsson, J. (2001). Childhood maltreatment among Norwegian drug abusers in treatment. International Journal of Social Welfare, 10, 2, 142-147.
  56. Schimmenti, A. (2013). Trauma evolutivo: origini e conseguenze dell’abuso e della trascuratezza nell’infanzia. In V. Caretti, G. Craparo & A. Schimmenti (Eds.), Memorie traumatiche e mentalizzazione. Teoria, ricerca e clinica. Roma: Astrolabio.
  57. Schimmenti, A., & Bifulco, A. (2008). Quando i genitori maltrattano i figli: le radici psicopatologiche dello sviluppo affettivo. In V. Caretti & G. Craparo (Eds.), Trauma e psicopatologia. Un approccio evolutivo-relazionale. Roma: Astrolabio.
  58. Schimmenti, A., & Bifulco, A. (2015). Linking lack of care in childhood to anxiety disorders in emerging adulthood: The role of attachment styles. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20, 1, 41-48,, 10.1111/camh.12051.Shearer,S.L.,Peters,C.P.,Quaytman,M.S.,&Ogden,R.L.(1990)DOI: 10.1111/camh.12051.Shearer,S.L.,Peters,C.P.,Quaytman,M.S.,&Ogden,R.L.(1990)
  59. Frequency and correlates of childhood sexual and physical abuse histories in adult female borderline inpatients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 2, 214-216.
  60. Sperry, D. M., & Widom, C. S. (2013). Child abuse and neglect, social support, and psychopathology in adulthood: A prospective investigation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 6, 415-425.
  61. Springs, F. E., & Friedrich, W. N. (1992). Health risk behaviors and medical sequelae of childhood sexual abuse. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 67, 6, 527-532.
  62. Sroufe, L. A., & Rutter, M. (1984). The domain of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 1184-1199.
  63. Rosenberg, L. (2011). Addressing trauma in mental health and substance use treatment. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 38, 4, 428-431,, 10.1007/s11414-011-9256-9DOI: 10.1007/s11414-011-9256-9
  64. Thompson, M. P., Kingree, J. B., & Desai, S. (2004). Gender differences in long-term health consequences of physical abuse of children: Data from a nationally representative survey. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 4, 599-604.
  65. Tripodi, S. J., & Pettus-Davis, C. (2013). Histories of childhood victimization and subsequent mental health problems, substance use, and sexual victimization for a sample of incarcerated women in the US. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 36, 1, 30-40,, 10.1016/j.ijlp.2012.11.005DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2012.11.005
  66. Westermeyer, J., Wahmanholm, K., & Thuras, P. (2001). Effects of childhood physical abuse on course and severity of substance abuse. The American Journal on Addictions, 10, 2, 101-110.
  67. Widom, C. S., Marmorstein, N. R., & White, H. R. (2006). Childhood victimization and illicit drug use in middle adulthood. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 4, 394-403,, 10.1037/0893-164X.20.4.394DOI: 10.1037/0893-164X.20.4.394
  68. Wilsnack, S. C., Vogeltanz, N. D., Klassen, A. D., & Harris, T. R. (1997). Childhood sexual abuse and women’s substance abuse: National survey findings. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 58, 3, 264.
  69. Wilson, C. S., Bennett, M. E., & Bellack, A. S. (2013). Impact of Family History in Persons With Dual Diagnosis. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 9, 1, 30-38,, 10.1080/15504263.2012.744937DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2012.744937

Cinzia Guarnaccia, Maria Rita Infurna, Maria Lo Cascio, Francesca Giannone, Substance addiction and adverse childhood experiences: an empirical study with Childhood in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 1/2015, pp. 95-118, DOI:10.3280/MAL2015-001006

   

FrancoAngeli is a member of Publishers International Linking Association a not for profit orgasnization wich runs the CrossRef service, enabing links to and from online scholarly content