Trascuratezza emotiva, attaccamento e ansia da separazione nei disturbi alimentari: uno studio su pazienti adolescenti e sui loro genitori

Titolo Rivista MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA
Autori/Curatori Grazia Attili, Lorenza Di Pentima, Alessandro Toni, Antonio Roazzi
Anno di pubblicazione 2016 Fascicolo 2016/2 Lingua Italiano
Numero pagine 24 P. 95-118 Dimensione file 312 KB
DOI 10.3280/MAL2016-002006
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

È stata confrontata, in un gruppo di pazienti con disturbi alimentari (N = 101, età media = 15.3 anni), la trascuratezza emotiva da parte del padre e della madre esperita da coloro che avevano modelli mentali dell’attaccamento (IWM) con alta ansia da separazione versus quella esperita da coloro con IWM a bassa ansia. È stata, inoltre, investigata l’associazione tra IWM ad alta ansia e sintomi psicopatologici. Gli stili parentali sono stati, poi, ricondotti agli IWM ad alta/bassa ansia dei genitori. Ai pazienti e ai loro genitori è stato somministrato il SAT per la misura degli IWM dell’attaccamento, ai pazienti il PBI per la misura del legame con i genitori e l’SCL-90 per lo spettro psicopatologico. I risultati evidenziano nei pazienti con IWM ad alta ansia maggior Costrizione Affettiva e Controllo non Affettivo da parte della madre e legami Deboli-assenti con il padre, e più sintomi psicopatologici. Inoltre, stili distorti di accudimento si associano a IWM ad alta ansia dei genitori stessi.;

Keywords:Disturbi del comportamento alimentare, attaccamento con ansia da separazione, legami genitoriali, trascuratezza emotiva, psicopatologia

  1. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1982). Attachment: Retrospect and prospect. In C. M. Parkes & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), The place of attachment in human behavior (pp. 3-30). New York: Basic Books.
  2. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
  3. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-V (5th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
  4. Armstrong, D. M., & Roth, J. G. (1989). Attachment and separation difficulties in eating disorders: A preliminary investigation. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 141-155.
  5. Attili, G. (2001a). Ansia da separazione e misura dell’attaccamento normale e patologico. Versione modificata e adattamento italiano del Separation Anxiety Test (SAT) di Klagsbrun e Bowlby. Milano: Edizioni Unicopli.
  6. Attili, G. (2001b). Attaccamento e disturbi alimentari: La validità predittiva dello strumento in campioni clinici. In G. Attili, Ansia da separazione e misura dell’attaccamento normale e patologico: Versione modificata e adattamento italiano del Separation Anxiety Test (SAT) di Klagsbrun e Bowlby (pp.123-135). Milano: Unicopli.
  7. Attili, G. (2007). Attaccamento e costruzione evoluzionistica della mente. Normalità, patologia, terapia. Milano: Cortina Editore.
  8. Attili, G., & Cesarini, G. (2005). I legami sentimentali degli adulti e le loro relazioni di attaccamento infantili. Età Evolutiva, 1, 60-66.
  9. Attili, G., Di Pentima, L., & Magnani, M. (2004). Disturbi del comportamento alimentare, modelli mentali dell’attaccamento e relazioni familiari. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, 1, 69-96, DOI: 10.1449/13174
  10. Attili, G., Di Pentima, L., Toni, A., & Roazzi, A. (2015). Attachment styles and eating disorders: The combined effect of mothers’ and fathers’ mental states. Attaccamento e Sistemi Complessi (Attachment and Complex Systems), 2, 2, 53-66.
  11. Attili, G., Di Pentima, L., Toni, A., & Roazzi, A. (inviato per pubblicazione). High anxiety internal working models in eating disorders and their intergenerational transmission by mothers and fathers.
  12. Attili G., Vermigli, P., & Roazzi A., (2011). Rearing styles, parents’ attachment mental state and children’s social abilities: The link to peer acceptance. Child Development Research, 20, 1-12, DOI: 10.1155/2011/267186
  13. Barone, L., & Guiducci, V. (2009). Mental representations of attachment in eating disorders: A pilot study using the Adult Attachment Interview. Attachment & Human Development, 11, 405-417, DOI: 10.1080/14616730902814770
  14. Blodgett Salafia, E. H., Gondoli, D. M., Corning, A. F., McEnery, A. M., & Grundy, A. M. (2007). Psychological distress as a mediator of the relation between perceived maternal parenting and normative maladaptive eating among adolescent girls. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 434-446, DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.434
  15. Borg, I., & Groenen, P. (1997). Modern multidimensional scaling. Theory and applications. Berlim: Springer.
  16. Botta, R. A., & Dumlao, R. (2002). How do conflict and communication patterns between fathers and daughters contribute to or offset eating disorders? Health Communication, 14, 199-219.
  17. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol 1: Attachment. London: Hogarth Press (Trad. it., Attaccamento e perdita. Vol. 1: L’attaccamento alla madre. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1972).
  18. Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. I: Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory, II: Some principles of psychotherapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201-210 and 421-431.
  19. Bruch, H. (1973). Eating disorders. New York: Basic Books.
  20. Bruch, H. (1978). The golden cage: The enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  21. Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. F., Fear, J. L., & Pickering, A. (2000). Outcome of anorexia nervosa: Eating attitudes, personality, and parental bonding. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 139-147, DOI: 10.1002/1098-108X(200009)28:2<139::AID-EAT2>3.0.CO;2-G
  22. Candelori, C., & Ciocca, A. (1998). Attachment and eating disorders. In P. Bria, A. Ciocca, & S. De Risio (Eds.), Psychotherapeutic issues in eating disorders: Models, methods and results (pp. 139-153). Rome: Società Editrice Universo.
  23. Canetti, L., Kanyas, K., Lerer, B., Latzer, Y., & Bachar, E. (2008). Anorexia nervosa and parental bonding: The contribution of parent-grandparent relationships to eating disorder psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 6, 703-716, DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20482
  24. Cavanna, D., Delogu, A. M., & Zavattini G. C., (2012). Le prospettive dell’attaccamento nei disturbi del comportamento alimentare. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, 16, 1, 3-36, DOI: 10.1449/37088
  25. Conti, L. (1999). Repertorio delle scale di valutazione in psichiatria. Firenze: SEE Editrice, Edizioni Medico Scientifiche.
  26. Cooper, M. J., Wells, A., & Todd, G. (2004). A cognitive model of bulimia nervosa. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 1-16.
  27. D’Onofrio E., Pace C. S., & Cavanna D. (2015) Qualitative research in adolescent psychotherapy: Attachment and reflective functioning as psychotherapy outcomes of an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 18, 2, 93-101.
  28. De Panfilis, C., Rabbaglio, P., Rossi, C., Zita, G., & Maggini, C. (2003). Body image disturbance, parental bonding and alexithymia in patients with eating disorders. Psychopathology, 36, 239-246, DOI: 10.1159/000073449
  29. De Wolf, M. S., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68, 571-591, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04218.x
  30. Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., & Covi, L. (1973). The SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 9, 13-28.
  31. Di Blasio, P. (2000). Psicologia del bambino maltrattato. Bologna: il Mulino.
  32. Di Pentima, L., & Toni, A. (2009). Subtle, blatant prejudice and attachment: A study in adolescent age. Journal of Psychology, 3(2), 153-163.
  33. Fassino, S., Amianto, F., Rocca, G., & Daga, G. A. (2010). Parental bonding and eating psychopathology in bulimia nervosa: Personality traits as possible mediators. Epistemologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 19, 3, 214-222.
  34. Fonagy, P., Leigh, T., Steele, H., Kennedy, R., Mattoon, G., Target, M., & Gerber, A. (1996). The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification and response to psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 22-31.
  35. Goossens, L., Braet, C., Van Durme, K., Decaluwé, V., & Bosmans, G. (2012). The parent-child relationship as predictor of eating pathology and weight gain in preadolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41, 445-457, DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2012.660690
  36. Graber, J. A., Brooks-Gunn, J., Paikoff, R. L., & Warren, M. P. (1994). Prediction of eating problems: An 8-year study of adolescent girls. Developmental Psychology, 30, 823-834, DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.30.6.823
  37. Grossman, K., Grossman, K. E., Kindler, H., & Zimmerman, H. (2008). A wider view of attachment and exploration: The influence of mothers and fathers on the development of psychological security from infancy to young adulthood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical application (pp. 857-879). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  38. Guttman, L. (1965). A general non-metric technique for finding the smallest coordinate space for a configuration. Psychometrika, 33, 469-506.
  39. Hansburg, H. G. (1972). Adolescent separation anxiety: A method for the study of adolescent separation problems. Springfield: C.C. Thomas.
  40. Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2002). Childhood adversities associated with risk for eating disorders or weight problems during adolescence or early adulthood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 394-400, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.394
  41. Kiang, L., & Harter, S. (2006). Sociocultural values about appearance and attachment processes: An integrated model of eating disorder symptomatology. Eating Behaviors, 7, 134-151, DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.08.001
  42. Klagsbrun, M., & Bowlby, J. (1976). Responses to separation from parents: A clinical test for young children. Projective Psychology, 1, 2, 7-27.
  43. Lancaster, G., Rollinson, L., & Hill, J. (2007). The measurement of a major childhood risk for depression: Comparison of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) “Parental Care” and the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) “Parental Neglect”. Journal of Affective Disorders, 101, 263-267, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.010
  44. Latzer, Y., Hochdorf, Z., Bachar, E., & Canetti, L. (2002). Attachment style and family functioning as discriminating factors in eating disorders. Contemporary Family Therapy, 24, 581-599, DOI: 10.1023/A:1021273129664
  45. Lehoux, P. M, & Howe, N. (2007). Perceived non-shared environment, personality traits, family factors and developmental experiences in bulimia nervosa. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 1, 47-66, DOI: 10.1348/014466506X111285
  46. Le Grange, D., Lock, J., Loeb, K., & Nicholls, D. (2009). Academy for eating disorders position paper: The role of the family in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43, 1-5, DOI: 10.1002/eat.20751
  47. Levitz-Iones, E. M., & Osofsky, J. L. (1985). Separation-individuation and intimacy capacity in college women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 156-169.
  48. Lyons Ruth, K., Melnick, S., Patrick, M., & Hobson, R. P. (2007). A controlled study of Hostile-Helpless states of mind among borderline and dysthymic women. Attachment and Human Development, 9, 1, 1-16, DOI: 10.1080/14616730601151417
  49. Lyons-Ruth, K., Dutra, L., Schuder, M. R., & Bianchi, I. (2006). From infant attachment disorganization to adult dissociation: Relational adaptations or traumatic experiences? Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29, 1, 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2005.10.011
  50. Mackinnon, A., Henderson, A. S., Scott, R., & Duncan-Jones, P. (1991). The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI): An epidemiological study in a general population sample. Psychological Medicine, 19, 1023-1034, DOI: 10.1017/S0033291700005754
  51. Mahler, M., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant. New York: Basic Books.
  52. Masterson, J. F. (1977). Primary anorexia nervosa in the borderline adolescent. An object relations view. In P. Hartocollis (Ed.), Bordeline personality disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
  53. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 77-102,
  54. Nakash-Eisikovits, O., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2002). Relationship between attachment patterns and personality pathology in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1111-1123, DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200209000-00012
  55. Pace, U., Cacioppo, M., & Schimmenti, A. (2011). The moderating role of father’s care on the onset of binge eating symptoms among female late adolescents with insecure attachment. Child Psychiatry of Human Development, 43, 282-292, DOI: 10.1007/s10578-011-0269-7
  56. Pace, C. S., Cavanna, D., Guiducci, V., & Bizzi, F. (2015). When parenting fails: Alexithymia and attachment states of mind in mothers of female patients with eating disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, section Psychology for Clinical Settings, 6, Article 1145, 1-11, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01145
  57. Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A Parental Bonding Instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1-10.
  58. Perry, J. A., Silvera, D. H., Neilands, T. B., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Hanssen, T. (2008). A study of the relationship between parental bonding, self-concept and eating disturbances in Norwegian and American college populations. Eating Behaviors, 9, 13-24, DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.01.007
  59. Rhodes, B., & Kroger, J. (1992). Parental bonding and separation-individuation difficulties among late adolescent eating disordered women. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 22, 84, 249-263.
  60. Ringer, F., & Crittenden, P. M. (2007). Eating disorders and attachment: The effects of hidden processes on eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 15, 119-130, DOI: 10.1002/erv.761
  61. Roazzi, A. (1995). Categorização, formação de conceitos e processos de construção de mundo: Procedimento de classificações múltiplas para o estudo de sistemas conceituais e sua forma de análise através de métodos de análise multidimensionais. Cadernos de Psicologia, 1, 1-27.
  62. Roazzi, A., & Dias, M. G. B. B. (2001). Teoria das facetas e avaliação na pesquisa social transcultural: Explorações no estudo do juízo moral. In Conselho Regional de Psicologia – 13a Região PB/RN. (Org.), A diversidade da avaliação psicológica: Considerações teóricas e práticas (pp. 157-190). João Pessoa: Idéia.
  63. Roazzi, A., Souza, B. C., & Bilsky, W. (2015). Facet Theory: Searching for Structure in Complex Social, Cultural and Psychological Phenomena. Recife: Editora Universitária da UFPE.
  64. Wunderlich, S., Ukestad, L., & Perzacki, R. (1994). Perceptions of nonshared childhood environment in bulimia nervosa. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 740-747.
  65. Welch, S. L., Doll, H. A., & Fairburn, C. G. (1997). Life events and the onset of bulimia nervosa: A controlled study. Psychological Medicine, 27, 3, 515-522, DOI: 10.1017/S0033291796004370
  66. Weiss, R. S. (1982). Attachment in adult life. In C. M. Parkes & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), The place of attachment in human behavior (pp. 111–184). New York: Wiley.
  67. Weinfield, N. S., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (2000). Attachment from infancy to early adulthood in a high-risk sample: Continuity, discontinuity, and their correlates. Child Development, 71, 695-702.
  68. Ward, A., Ramsay, R., & Treasure, J. (2000). Attachment research in eating disorders. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 73, 35-51, DOI: 10.1348/000711200160282
  69. van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (1996). Attachment representations in mothers, fathers, adolescents and clinical groups: A meta-analytic search for normative data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 8-21.
  70. Turner, H. M., Rose, K. S., & Cooper, M. J. (2005). Parental bonding and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: The meditating role of core beliefs. Eating Behaviors, 6, 113-118, DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.08.010
  71. Troisi, A., Massaroni, P., & Cuzzolaro, M. (2005). Early separation anxiety and adult attachment style in women with eating disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 89-97, DOI: 10.1348/014466504X20053
  72. Troisi, A., Di Lorenzo, G., Alcini, S., Croce, N. R., Di Pasquale, C., & Siracusano, A. (2006). Body dissatisfaction in women with eating disorder: Relationship to early separation anxiety and insecure attachment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68, 449-453, DOI: 10.1097/01.psy.0000204923.09390.5b
  73. Tereno, S., Soares, L., Martins, C., Celani, M., & Sampaio, D. (2008). Attachment styles, memories of parental rearing and therapeutic bond: A study with eating disordered patients, their parents and therapists. European Eating Disorders Review, 16, 49-58, DOI: 10.1002/erv.801
  74. Tasca, G. A., Richie, K., & Belfour, L. (2011). Implications of attachment theory and research for the assessment and treatment of eating disorders. Psychotherapy, 48, 269-259, DOI: 10.1037/a0022423
  75. Tasca, G. A., & Belfour, L. (2014). Attachment and eating disorders: A review of current research. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47, 7, 710-717, DOI: 10.1002/eat.22302
  76. Swanson, H., Power, K., Collin, P., Deas, S., Paterson, G., Grierson, D., & Taylor, L. (2010). The relationship between parental bonding, social problem solving and eating pathology in an anorexic inpatient sample. European Eating Disorders Review, 18, 22-32, DOI: 10.1002/erv.967
  77. Sours, J. A. (1974). The anorexia nervosa syndrome. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 55, 567-576.
  78. Shorey, H. S., & Snyder, C. R. (2006). The role of adult attachment styles in psychopathology and psychotherapy outcomes. Review of General Psychology, 10, 1-20, DOI: 10.1037/1089-2680.10.1.1
  79. Selvini Palazzoli, M. (1978). Self-starvation – From individual to family therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. New York: Jason Aronson.
  80. Scinto, A., Marinangeli, M. G., Kalyvoka, A., Daneluzzo, E., & Rossi, A. (1999). The use of the Italian version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in a clinical sample and in a student group: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis study. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 8, 276-283, DOI: 10.1017/S1121189X00008198

  • High Anxiety Attachment in Eating Disorders: Intergenerational Transmission by Mothers and Fathers Grazia Attili, Lorenza Di Pentima, Alessandro Toni, Antonio Roazzi, in Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) /2018
    DOI: 10.1590/1982-4327e2813

Grazia Attili, Lorenza Di Pentima, Alessandro Toni, Antonio Roazzi, Trascuratezza emotiva, attaccamento e ansia da separazione nei disturbi alimentari: uno studio su pazienti adolescenti e sui loro genitori in "MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL’INFANZIA" 2/2016, pp 95-118, DOI: 10.3280/MAL2016-002006