Have beer markets in European Union countries converged?

Titolo Rivista ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE
Autori/Curatori Rosa Maria Fanelli
Anno di pubblicazione 2019 Fascicolo 2018/3 Lingua Inglese
Numero pagine 33 P. 445-477 Dimensione file 299 KB
DOI 10.3280/ECAG2018-003010
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Qui sotto puoi vedere in anteprima la prima pagina di questo articolo.

Se questo articolo ti interessa, lo puoi acquistare (e scaricare in formato pdf) seguendo le facili indicazioni per acquistare il download credit. Acquista Download Credits per scaricare questo Articolo in formato PDF

Anteprima articolo

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

The European Union (EU) beer market is currently one of the largest in the world in volume. In recent years, the EU has seen large changes both in the levels of beer consumption (per capita) and in the structure of the beer market. This paper addresses these issues by investigating the evolution of beer markets in EU countries over time. Using sixteen variables in 28 countries, it highlights similarities/dissimilarities and convergence in the structures relative to beer markets from 2010 to 2015. Similarities found were greater within clusters of countries that had higher per capita and off-trade consumption of beer. However, there were also dissimilarities in relation to the set-up of new microbreweries, ontrade consumption, taxation and total exports to non-European countries. A key prediction concerning the convergence of beer markets was confirmed by the data: there is a greater tendency for markets of countries with a consolidated structure (e.g. France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) to move away from those who have recently entered the brewery market (e.g. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania).

Keywords:Beer markets trends, EU countries, hierarchical cluster analysis, nonparametric convergence, principal component analysis

Jel codes:L1, L11, C10

  1. Aizenman, J., & Brooks, E. (2008). Globalization and Taste Convergence: The Cases of Wine and Beer. Review of International Economics, 16(2), 217-233.
  2. Anderson, E., & Kumar, N. (2007). Price competition with repeat, loyal buyers. Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), 5(4), 333-359.
  3. Adams, W.J. (2011). Determinants of the concentration in Beer markets in Germany and the United States: 1950-2005. In Swinnen, J. (Ed.), The economics of beer. New York, IL: Oxford University Press.
  4. Arora, A., Bhaskar, A., Minten, B., & Vandeplas, A. (2011). Opening the Beer Gates: How Liberalization Caused Growth in India’s Beer Market. In Swinnen, J.F.M.
  5. (Ed.), The Economics of Beer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. Bai, J., Huang, J., Rozelle, S., & Boswell, M. (2011). Beer Battles in China: The Struggl Over the World’s Largest Beer Market. In Swinnen, J.F.M. (Ed.), The Economics of Beer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  7. Beer Statistic (2016). The Brewers of Europe, November 2016.
  8. Bentzen, J., Eriksson, T., & Smith V. (2001). Alcohol Consumption in European Countries Time series based tests of convergence. Cahiers d’Economie et de Sociologie Rurales, 60-61, 59-74.
  9. Bentzen, J., & Smith, V. (2009). Developments in the Structure of Alcohol Consumption in oecd Countries. Paper for the pre-AARES conference workshop, Adelaide, February 2010.
  10. Bentzen, J., & Smith, V. (2017). Entry, Survival and Profits. The Emergence of Microbreweries in Denmark. In Garavaglia C., & Swinnen, J. (Eds.), Economic Perspectives on Craft Beer: A Revolution in the Global Beer Industry. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  11. Bentzen, J., & Smith, V. (2018). Structural Changes in the Consumption of Beer, Wine and Spirits in oecd Countries from 1961 to 2014. Beverages, 4(1), 8.
  12. Bisht, P. (2015). Beer Market By Type (Strong Beer, Light Beer), Production (Macro, Micro Brwery), Category (Premium, Super premium, Normal) and Packaging (Canned, Bottled, Draught) - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast 2014-2020. Allied Market Research.
  13. Boggio, L., & Seravalli, G. (1999). Sviluppo e crescita economica. Milano: McGraw-Hill Libri Italia srl.
  14. Bonanni, E. (2013). Gli strateghi del boccale. Largo Consumo, (10), 22-23. Brasili, C., & Oppi, M. (2001). Convergenza economica delle regioni europee e allargamento ad Est. Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche “Paolo Fortunati”, Serie Ricerche, n. 3.
  15. Brewers of Europe (2016). The Contribution made by Beer to the European Economy. Europe Economics.
  16. Cabras, I., & Bamforth, C. (2016). From reviving tradition to fostering innovation and changing marketing: the evolution of micro-brewing in the UK and US, 1980-2012. Business History, 58(5), 625-646. DOI: 10.1080/00076791.2015.1027692
  17. Cabras, I., & Higgins, D.M. (2016). Beer, brewing, and business history. Business History, 58(5), 609-624. DOI: 10.1080/00076791.2015.1122713
  18. Cabras, I., Higgins, D., & Preece, D. (2016) Brewing, Beer and Pubs. A global perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.
  19. Camarero, M., Esteve, V., & Tamarit, C. (2000). Price convergence of the peripheral European countries on the way to the emu: a time series approach. Empirical Economics, 25, 149-168.
  20. Carree, M.A., & Klomp, L. (1997). Testing the convergence hypothesis: a comment. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 79, 683-86.
  21. Carvalho, N.B., Minim, L.A., Nascimento, M., Ferreira, G.H.C., & Minim, V.P.R. (2018). Characterization of the consumer market and motivations for the consumption of craft beer. British Food Journal, 120(2), 378-391. DOI: 10.1108/BFJ-04-2017-0205
  22. Chlebicka, A., Fałkowski, J., & Lichota, J. (2017). From macro to micro: The change of trendsetters in the polish beer market. In Economic perspectives on craft beer: A revolution in the global beer industry (pp. 295-319). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58235-1_11
  23. Colen, L., & Swinnen, J.F.M. (2011). Beer Drinking Nations: The Determinants of Global Beer Cosumption. In Swinnen, J.F.M. (Ed.), The Economics of Beer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  24. Colen L., & Swinnen, J. (2016). Economic Growth, Globalization and Beer Consumption. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 67(1), 186-207. DOI: 10.1111/1477-9552.12128
  25. Cortese, D., Pairotti, M.B., Giachino, C., & Bonadonna, A. (2017). The art of craft beer in a traditional wine nation: A preliminary study in a model area. Quality - Access to Success, 18(161), 149-156.
  26. Davis, J. (2015). Will the beer bubble burst? RMA Journal, 98(4), 42-45.
  27. Deconinck, K., & Swinnen, J. (2015). Peer Effects and the Rise of Beer in Russia. Food Policy, 51: 83-96.
  28. Donadini, G., Fumi, M.D., Kordialik-Bogacka, E., Maggi, L., Lambri, M., & Sckokai, P. (2016). Consumer interest in specialty beers in three European markets. Food Research International, 85, 301-314.
  29. Donadini, G., & Porretta, S. (2017). Uncovering patterns of consumers’ interest for beer: A case study with craft beers. Food Research International, 91, 183-198.
  30. Dujmicic, K., Renko, S., & Renko, N. (2003). A case study of the Croatian beer market structure and peformances, British Food Journal, 105(3), 193-203. DOI: 10.1108/00070700310477130.
  31. Elzinga, K.G., Tremblay, C.H., & Tremblay, V. (2015). Craft Beer in the United States: History, Numbers and Geography. Journal of Wine Economics, 10(3), 242-274.
  32. Euromonitor International (2014). Beer in Mexico. London: Euromonitor International.
  33. Fanelli, R.M., & Felice, F. (2014). Un’applicazione dell’analisi multivariata e della convergenza non paametrica all’industria birraria italiana. Rivista di Economia Agraria, 1. DOI: 10.13128/REA-16305
  34. Fanelli, R.M. (2018). The Interactions between the Structure of the Food Supply and the Impact of Livestock Production on the Environment. A Multivariate Analysis for Understanding the Differences and the Analogies across European Union Countries. Quality - Access to Success, 19(167), 131-139.
  35. Fanelli, R.M., & Di Nocera, A. (2018). Customer perceptions of Japanese foods in Italy. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 5, 167-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.jef.2018.07.001.
  36. Fantozzi, P. (2017). The Italian academic research on beer: past, present and future. Italian Journal of Food Science, 29, 565-581. DOI: 10.14674/IJFS-1054
  37. faostat. (2010). Statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, -- http://faostat.fao.org
  38. Fastigi, M., Esposti, R., & Vigano, E. (2015). La craft beer revolution in Italia e i birrifici agricoli: traiettorie evolutive e principali criticità. Ancona (Italy): Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali-Universita Politecnica delle Marche.
  39. Fogarty, J. (2010). The Demand for Beer, Wine and Spirits: A survey of the literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 24/3, 428-478.
  40. Galizzi, M., & Garavaglia, C. (2009). Consumers’ Preferences and Product Information: Evidence from a Beer Tasting Experiment. In Beeronomics-Conference on the Economics of Beer and Brewing (pp. 27-30), Leuven, May.
  41. Garavaglia, C. (2010). Birra, identita locale e legame territoriale. Agriregionieuropa
  42. Garavaglia, C., & Swinnen, J. (2017). The craft beer revolution: An international perspective. Choices, 32(3), 1-8.
  43. Gomez-Corona, C., Escalona-Buendia, H.B., Garcia, M.S., Chollet, S., & Valentin, D. (2016). Craft vs. Industrial: Habits, Attitudes and Motivations towards Beer Consumption in Mexico. Appetite, 96(1), 358-367.
  44. Kleban, J., & Nickerson, I. (2012). To brew, or not to brew-That is the question: An analysis of competitive forces in the craft brew industry. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 18(3), 59.
  45. Li, F., Shi, Y, Boswell, M., & Rozelle, S. (2017). Craft Beer in China. In Garavaglia, C., & Swnnen, J. (Eds.), Economic Perspectives on Craft Beer: A Revolution in the Global Beer Industry. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  46. Malone, T., & Lusk, J. L. (2016). Brewing Up Entrepreneurship: Government Intervention in Craft Brewing. Journal Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 5, 325-342. DOI: 10.1108/JEPP-02-2016-0004
  47. Mejlholm, O., & Martens, M. (2006) Beer identity in Denmark. Food Quality and Preference, 17, 108-115.
  48. British Food Journal, 114, 899-909. DOI: 10.1108/00070701211241518
  49. Niederhut-Bollmann, C., Niederhut-Bollmann, C., & Theuvsen, L. (2008). Strategic management in turbulent markets: The case of the German and Croatian brewing industries. Journal for East European Management Studies, 63-88.
  50. Pacini, B., & Pellegrini, G. (2002). Metodi non parametrici multivariati: un’applicazione al caso della crescita, Statistica, 3, 379-395.
  51. Pasini, E. (2013). Business practice in the craft beer industry: An international comparative study. Tesi di Laurea Magistrale in Economia, Universita Ca’ Foscari, Venezia, 1-180.
  52. Pilati, L., & Fanelli, R.M. (2003). “Similarita” e convergenza dei consumi alimentari in Italia. Un’analisi a livello regionale (1973-1997). Rivista di Economia Agraria, 1, 3-46.
  53. Piron, E., & Poelmans, E. (2016). Beer, the Preferred Alcoholic Drink of All? Changes in the Global and National Beer Consumption Since 1960 and Convergence and Trends Since the 1990s. In Brewing, Beer and Pubs (pp. 205-227). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  54. Poelmans, E., & Swinnen, J.F. (2011). From monasteries to multinationals (and back): A historical review of the beer economy. Journal of Wine Economics, 6(2), 196-216. DOI: 10.1017/S1931436100001607
  55. Poelmans, E., & Swinnen, J.F.M. (2011). A Brief Economic History of Beer. In Swinnen J.F.M. (Ed.), The Economics of Beer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  56. Pokrivčak, J., Lančarič, D., Savov, R., & Toth, M. (2018). Craft Beer in Slovakia. In Economic Perspectives on Craft Beer (pp. 321-343). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  57. Quah, D.T. (1997). Empirics for growth and distribution: stratification, polarization, and convergence clubs. Journal of economic growth, 2(1), 27-59.
  58. Russell, C., & van Walbeek, C. (2016). How does a change in the excise tax on beer impact beer retail prices in South Africa? South African, Journal of Economics, 84(4), 555-573.
  59. Sala-i-Martin, X.X. (1996). The classical approach to convergence analysis. The economic journal, 1019-1036.
  60. Schnell, S.M., & Reese, J.F. (2003). Microbreweries as tools of local identity. Journal of Cultural Gegraphy, 21(1), 45-69. DOI: 10.1080/08873630309478266
  61. Smith, D.E., & Solgaard, H.S. (2000). The dynamics of shifts in European alcoholic drinks consumption. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 12(3), 85-109.
  62. Stack, M. (2003). A concise history of America’s brewing industry. Economic History Net Encyclopedia of Economic and Business History, -- available at http://eh.net/encyclopedia/a-concise-history-of-americas-brewing-industry.
  63. Swaminathan, A. (1998). Entry into new market segments in mature industries: Endogenous and exogenous segmentation in the US brewing industry. Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), 389-404.
  64. Swaminthan, A. (1998). Entry into new market segments in mature industries: endogenous and exgenous segmentation in the U.S. brewing industry. Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), 389-404.
  65. Swinnen, J., & Briski, D. (2017). Beeronomics: How Beer Explains the World. Oxford University Press.
  66. Toro-Gonzalez, D., McCluskey, J.J., & Mittelhammer, R.C. (2014). Beer Snobs Do Exist: Estimation of Beer Demand by Type. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 39(2), 174-187.
  67. Tremblay, C.H., Tremblay, V.J., & Swinnen, J. (2011). Recent economic developments in the import and craft segments of the US brewing industry. The economics of beer, 141-60.
  68. Tripes, S., & Dvořak, J. (2017). Strategic Forces in the Czech Brewing Industry from 1990-2015. Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, (3), 3-38.
  69. van Dijk, M., Kroezen, J., & Slob, B. (2017). From pilsner desert to craft beer oasis: The rise of craft brewing in the netherlands. Economic perspectives on craft beer: A revolution in the global beer industry, 259-293. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58235-1_10
  70. Ward Jr, J.H. (1963). Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American statistical association, 58(301), 236-244.
  71. Williams, A. (2017). Exploring the impact of legislation on the development of craft beer. Beverages, 3, 18.
  72. Zhang, T. (2014). Stata Statistic Analysis and Industry Application Cases (pp. 169-206). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.

  • Factors Influencing Competitiveness in the Global Beer Trade Áron Török, Ákos Szerletics, Lili Jantyik, in Sustainability /2020 pp.5957
    DOI: 10.3390/su12155957
  • Green metamorphoses: agriculture, food, ecology R.M. Fanelli, A. Di Nocera, pp.307 (DOI:10.3920/978-90-8686-898-8_27)

Rosa Maria Fanelli, Have beer markets in European Union countries converged? in "ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE" 3/2018, pp 445-477, DOI: 10.3280/ECAG2018-003010