When the Lisbon Treaty and the Charter of Fundamental Rights entered into force, the is-sue of constitutional limits to the primacy of EU law was denounced by many as obsolete. There is instead a ‘revival’ of the counter-limits doctrine as well as of the unresolved tensions surrounding fundamental rights in the European constitutional pluralism. In this context, the essay intends to examine whether the growing conflicts between legal systems pose a threat to the stability of the European construction, or rather they can contribute to promoting the pro-cess of EU constitutionalisation. To this end, the essay will consider, on the one hand, the op-positional vs. conciliatory approach taken by Constitutional Courts and the European Court of Justice in dealing with disharmonies between legal systems, and, on the other hand, the different trends emerging from such an approach more clash or confrontation-oriented.