RISULTATI RICERCA

The first report of the research on the regional social policies in Friuli Venezia Giulia is mainly focused on: a) a first definition of Social Work as existing in the Italian region above; b) a description of the three geographic levels (sub-municipal, municipal, over-municipal) chosen inside Friuli Venezia Giulia as areas where to conduct the observation on how social policy and its implementation are carry out; c) the identification of the old and new subjects involved in the definition of the social policies and the supply of services to the people in need. The organisational model of the Social Work in Friuli Venezia Giulia seems to be in an interesting and delicate stage of transition towards a new structure of the net of the services and requires new skills to the Social Workers and the other professionals involved in this process.

First of all, this paper discusses the rising importance of voluntary. In fact, it has became partner and actor of the regional and local planning (Piani di Zona), specially after the issuing of the law n° 328/00 and the change of the V title of the Italian Constitution, which has counted social security as a subject of exclusive regional skill. Secondly, the paper studies the strong historical presence and the importance of voluntary associations for Tuscany: they present a fairly good experience for service supply and a solid organizational structure. Moreover, the concept of social citizenship is very studied too (Tuscany regional Law n. 72/97). In relation to it, citizenship Chartas are elements of experimentation for new solutions in a context where current investments coexist with a strong incentive to change. At last, after a review of some planning instruments as Piano di Zona (Zone Plane), Piano integrato di salute (Integration Health Plane) and a proposal analysis of Società della Salute (Health Society), the paper highlights how the Tuscany lawmaker has promoted an universal health system.

In order to give a contribution to the study of territorial social policies the case study of Sardinia within the wider Italian context is explored. The main focus is on how public institutions, informal and community actors, as well as third sector and social private subjects come to build up a system of services. Another aspect treated is how design, discourse and practices become social policies. The Regional Law n° 4 (1988) recognises the role of local territory in elaborating social policies based on the assessment of local needs. That is why such important normative provisions can be thought of as anticipation of the national framework law n° 328 (2000). Nonetheless, attention must be driven on some contradictions that shed a light on the distance between enunciation and its actual implementation.

In this paper the first steps of the ongoing welfare reform in Campania are sketched and the institutional arena in which the new welfare system is finding its way through is described.The results show a relational pattern according to which regional government and its bureaucracy start moving in the direction of the new system, according to l.328/2000, but the real change process strongly depend on local government agencies, which have being asked to get associated in territorial districts and to make their social policies refer to an integrated district programming activity.

This paper focuses on the contrast between the regulation of community needs through the reconstruction of the welfare services demand according to the theoretical bottom-up model and the institutional design technique concerning social policies, their implementation processes and outputs subsequent to the 328/2000 Act: this practice turns out to be an expanded social control tool referred to the social actors eligible for some services, according to the police power model. Our thesis is also supported by a case-study: focusing on the whole of Zoning Plans (and, where existing, on the Community Profiles) developed in twenty-four territorial districts of the Marche Region we have been able to define the weight of each need proportionate to the full social policy at a local level and its processing.

This paper combines the analysis of the A.P.Q. implementation Recovery of social marginality and equal opportunities related to Catania municipality with the reflections upon the central role of planning, monitoring and evaluation as the legal norm 328/2000 has fixed up. Policies and territory take shape, in this context, as elements of a process of constant and mutual redefinition. Theorizing on these processes, the use of statistical data has entailed identifying a series of indicators in order to structure a metalevel of analysis.

The 328 law has some weak points, but also a lot of operative possibilities. It’s important to check the possible achievements that could made working on the conditions of organization and operators the problem of 328 law management is a problem of program instruments, models of organization and formative actions. The welfare organizational model more suitable for the new normative order of social policies is distinguished by territory, and qualified by Social Zone, Social Plan and welfare management.

Social Work and Territory. Italian Social Affairs transferred to Regional Level: what changes in the Social Work? is a project financed by Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universistà e della Ricerca”, that involves eight Universities (Bologna, Catania, Macerata, Napoli, Sassari, Siena, Trento, Trieste). The local projects analyse the role of Social Work in this stage of promotion of regional policies in their typical contexts, where the formation of Social Worker rises as a central aspect. The territorial dimension, the organization and the management are very important, as law, administrative and project policies too. The effects on the interactions between public and private sectors and on the role of voluntary and Third Sector are very interesting, specially regarding their support activities for public policies.