RISULTATI RICERCA

Lo studio esamina un campione di tossicodipendenti da oppiacei in trattamento presso il Ser.T di Iglesias (CA); la maggior parte di essi è affetta anche da patologia psichiatrica. Vengono esaminate le variabili socio-ambientali caratteristiche sia della tossicodipendenza che di altri disturbi psichiatrici. Si è dato particolare rilievo alle vicissitudini familiari, alle condizioni economiche, culturali e lavorative. Inoltre sono state ricercate eventuali differenze tra i gruppi e la presenza di fattori predisponenti. Obiettivo dello studio è fornire un contributo locale alla diatriba sulla Doppia Diagnosi, che vede operatori e ricercatori impegnati nella definizione terminologica stessa della categoria diagnostica, gettando qualche luce o di converso qualche ombra. La letteratura sulla doppia diagnosi, infatti, oltre che essere imponente, risulta ancora controversa con diversi modelli interpretativi e ipotesi. L’alta percentuale di comorbilità riflette probabilmente l’esistenza di fattori comuni e substrati neuronali simili che contribuiscono al determinarsi delle condizioni patologiche. Il riferimento continuo in letteratura all’associazione tra disturbo post-traumatico da stress e disturbi da uso di sostanze, ha portato a cercare di individuare non solo gli elementi presenti in entrambi i disturbi, quello da uso di sostanze e quello psichiatrico, ma anche quegli elementi correlati a un disturbo invece che all’altro. Lo studio è finalizzato anche a verificare quanto queste variabili siano importanti nel determinismo di condizioni di politossicodipendenza.

The building contractor’s role in the construction process is investigated with the scope of high-lighting its merits in every contest. These merits are not in competition with the Architect of Design but, on the contrary emphasize the Architect’s innovative and creative role. We are in pursuit of a new alliance between these two realities the Building Contractor and the Architect of Design n order to improve the final result of the construction process and allow a better quality output, true expression of the design intent. At this point a new behavior of the building contractor is required as well as a performance model that has to follow the criterias of the most exemplary construction practices

The topic of this article is the management of projects in contests with a high level of uncertainty for echnological or market reasons or for the behaviours and the decisions of the actors that interact with the project. This uncertainty influences the gaining of project’s objectives and makes very difficult its management and is not completely faced with traditional instruments and methods of the organizational and managerial model of Project Management. The causes and the effects of this kind of uncertainty are analysed with particular attention to the decisional processes, to the collocation of the decision maker in the project and to the result of decision process obtaining, in this manner, a classification of projects. To every class of project so obtained, methods for improving the control of the project are associated with a consequent growth of the probability of gaining the defined project’s objectives. The opportunity for this job is furnished by three cases, described in the introduction, that are examples of similar situations. The cases are here analysed to define the impacts on some relevant aspects of Project Management: the set of objectives, the way for the measure of obtained results, the methods and the techniques for controlling the project and the technique of risk management. The analysis will show that the projects considered in this article, for an effective management, need of an improved organizational and managerial model of Project Management.

In this work the authors present a methodology for elicitation and mapping of training needs of entrepreneurs in small firms through a competency-based approach. The methodology has been developed within the European research project SOLCO. The analysis of the entrepreneurial action is proposed as the starting point to construct the description of the entrepreneurial competencies. Entrepreneurial action is here intended as a cognitive process through which entrepreneurs perceive and enact menaces and opportunities arising from the context, and builds management solutions both of adaptive nature, as routines related to recurrent job situations, and of proactive nature, through strategic objectives and development plans characterised by various degree of explicitation and formalization.

The main aim of the article is valuing the diffusion of the creative class in Milan. For doing it, I am going to tie up with the Richard Florida’s thesis about the rise of the creative class and his innovative model of regional economic growth, the 3T model: Talent, Technology, Tolerance. First, I describe the characteristics of creatives, their insediative chooses and the diffusion of creative works in Europe and in depth in Italy-. But the heart of the article is the comparison between the creative class in Italy and the creative class in Milan, using the some indicators built by Florida for the study of creatives in the Usa and in Europe. At the end, the conclusions put in evidence points of strength and of weakness in the creative climate of Milan, observations about the model (3T) and some considerations on the last studies of Richard Florida.

The need to map the demand for skills in the ICT sectors has been increasing during the Nineties due to the strong technological discontinuity in these sectors. Nevertheless the prevailing approaches used in this field of analysis are not suitable for the task they are intended to serve. On the basis of very simplified hypotheses these analyses have contributed to support planning decisions regarding training programs which have been focused on the short-term needs of the firms. Consequently in most cases we have trained people for occupational profiles which have completely disappeared in a short period of time. The main goal of this article is to give an example of a different approach which can give sounder policy indications. The main idea is to use a pluralistic approach, i. e. to employ different sources, methods and indicators in order to arrive to a full understanding of a very complex dynamics as that of the micro-changes of occupations. In order to fulfil to this goal the work is organized as follows. In the first place we focus on competences, their relevance and the problems of their measurement and analysis. Then we give a diachronic picture of the demand for ICT occupations in Italy, based on job vacancies announcements published on national newspaper over the period 1994-2002. The demand side is also analysed by reconstructing the demand for occupations of a sample of Italian firms, belonging to different sectors, surveyed in 2003 and analysed through multiple indicators. On the other hand we focus also on the supply side of the labour market in order to reconstruct the occupational and contractual conditions of the individual ICT workers, as well as their previous education and career, social condition and salary. Finally we draw some conclusions, individuating in the training of general skills the main priority of the public educational and training system.

The article discusses the relationship between urban innovation and new forms of governance. Albeit the concept of governance seems to be a panacea for the cure of any sort of market or state failure, very often it is ill defined and/or ideologically loaded. However there is a growing consensus that the mobilisation of social and economic actors in governmental roles is an important, if not essential, factor, in bringing about innovative policies at least at the local scale. In our study we derive from the existing literature on social capital and institutional development the hypotheses that the more diverse are the actors involved and the more tight their linkages the better will be the innovative performance. In order to test these hypotheses we have investigated two northern Italian cities Milan and Turin that underwent in the decade 1993-2002 similar changes in the political and institutional sphere. The research carried out points out that certainly Turin had a better performance, in terms of urban innovation, than Milan and that such a result is associated with a more complex network in which different levels of government, and different types of actors, are represented. Also the tightness of the network is higher, thus providing evidence in support to the idea that policy innovation is associated with changes in the structure of governance. However, looking more in detail to the evidence collected, it appears quite clearly that Milan is much more receptive to the proposals coming from the civil society (both from the profit and the no-profit sector) while Turin, like other innovative Italian cities seems much more dependent upon the leadership of the public institutions. This poses an interesting theoretical problem: how much institutional leadership is needed in order to get good governance, more or less? Or is it possible that in order to make a better assessment of the relationship between innovation at least urban innovation and the structure of governance, one should make a distinction between short term in which more government means more innovation and the long term in which the contrary is true?

Coherent, collective understanding (sense) of circumstances and situations is critical to coordinated, and safe action. Especially in process control domains, we may expect that reliable organizations will possess processes that develop, maintain, distribute, and, when necessary, repair this collective understanding. These processes are most likely to be visible to researchers in high tempo, high uncertainty work settings such as hospital intensive care units. Our research has focused on sensemaking. The research demonstrates how workers create and distribute sense within small work groups and also how they use the results of these efforts to make sense during ongoing work activities. Practitioners tradeoff the opportunity costs of formal, collective sensemaking (sensemaking at intervals) against the value that this preparation provides to sensemaking during high tempo work (sensemaking on-the-fly). They adjust their investments in formal sensemaking in response to the work demands. Further study of this dynamic balance will provide insight the ways that experienced practitioners manage flow of attention and construct platforms for managing risks during future, uncertain, high stakes work. High Reliability Organizations are marked by an accurate, precise, and commonly held understanding about current operations and the relationship between those operations and potential accidents. The sensemaking processes create and nourish a common understanding of the current situation among the operators. This is one of the most important conditions for the realization of patient safety.