RISULTATI RICERCA

L’autore ripropone il lavoro così come già pubblicato quindici anni fa, quando transitava dal lavoro di avvocato di famiglia a quello di psicoanalista. L’intento è quello di testimoniare un’esperienza di lavoro che mostri l’intima connessione tra il compito dell’avvocato nelle sepa-razioni e quella di chi si occupa degli aspetti psicologici e relazionali di queste difficili situazio-ni, evidenziandone aspetti di somiglianza e di differenza, di proficue cooperazioni ma anche di pericolose interferenze. A tal fine si sottolinea come sia importante comprendere la complessità del lavoro dell’avvocato di famiglia che si manifesta soprattutto a livello emotivo e che viene spesso sottovalutata. Il lavoro mette implicitamente in evidenza la necessità di una specifica formazione per chi, a diverso titolo, si occupa di questioni familiari conflittuali in cui il confine tra gli aspetti legali e quelli psichici è assai labile e difficile da tracciare.

In seguito alla morte di una persona significativa, quando il soggetto è chiamato a ricono-scere dolorosamente la perdita del legame con la persona assente, la terapia può creare uno spazio transizionale in cui è possibile facilitare il processo di trasformazione di tale legame, attraverso l’attivazione della capacità simbolica, che rende possibile conservare qualcosa di ciò che è stato perduto e orientarsi verso un nuovo e più soddisfacente adattamento futuro. Gli esempi clinici mostrano le diverse forme simboliche che il processo di simbolizzazione può creare.

L’articolo esplora la complessità delle separazioni e dei divorzi, evidenziando le differenze tra il distacco emotivo e il percorso legale che non sempre procedono e si risolvono in contem-poranea. Queste differenze fanno sì che le separazioni possano essere rapide o interminabili, a seconda della complessità delle questioni legali e emotive coinvolte. Al supporto legale è ne-cessario, quindi, affiancare anche una consulenza psicologica e una consulenza finanziaria per affrontare queste situazioni, ma spesso viene trascurato, rendendo il lavoro dell’avvocato fami-liarista più complesso in quanto sarà tenuto a portare avanti il proprio ruolo, senza trascurare le implicazioni psicologiche.

L’autore affronta le dinamiche che caratterizzano i rapporti in cui le persone sembrano uni-te in modo tale da vivere dei rapporti emotivamente “fusionali”, da rendere impossibile una separazione senza sentirsi mancanti di una parte di sé. Propone, secondo le linee teoriche di Loewald e di Mitchell, di considerare l’importanza nello sviluppo del funzionamento mentale dell’esperienza di “densità affettiva indifferenziata” con l’altro, precocemente iscritta nella men-te del soggetto, attraverso vere e proprie rappresentazioni pre-verbali e inconsce. Prospetta l’incontro con uno psicoanalista, come possibilità di entrare in contatto con questa “configura-zione relazionale” per dare uno spazio e un tempo in cui questo livello dell’interiorità del pa-ziente possa manifestarsi, prendendo forma di esperienza soggettiva e di sviluppo futuro.

Sebbene, nella nostra società attuale, separazione e divorzio siano eventi comuni, come cli-nici ne osserviamo spesso gli effetti perniciosi sulla psiche dell’adulto. Questo lavoro pone l’attenzione su cosa possa accadere a una persona che abbia fatto del legame il senso della pro-pria esistenza, quando si senta costretta a riorganizzare la propria mente per accedere ad un funzionamento che comporti la visione della propria vita “senza l’altro”. Partendo dalle rifles-sioni di Freud su cosa possa considerarsi come terminabile e cosa intendersi come interminabi-le nel processo di conclusione dell’analisi, attraverso due brevi vignette cliniche, analizzeremo alcuni significati che la separazione può comportare quando non si è sufficientemente coesi, individuati, integrati come soggetti. Saranno considerati: gli aspetti interminabili dell’adattamento del soggetto all’esperienza della rottura del legame, aspetti che fanno capo all’inevitabile interminabilità dei processi attraverso i quali la mente si muove costantemente attorno a “schemi dell’essere con”, per confluire nella modalità di “schemi dell’essere senza l’altro”; l’attenzione ai processi terminabili, orientati alla riorganizzazione relazionale correlati a una ottimale coesione del Sé, alla capacità di “essere” persone “individuate” in grado di conce-pire la separazione, nonché in grado di contattare e stabilire una relazione con l’alterità. L’articolo considera l’ipotesi che la difficoltà, per molti individui in analisi, impegnati in un lavoro di “drastica revisione rappresentazione” sia data anche dallo stabilirsi di attaccamenti disorganizzati a seguito del trauma che può generarsi dalla minaccia della separazione. Infine, sarà posta attenzione sul valore del lavoro clinico e dei now moments affinchè il movimento sé-altro, con-senza, possa proseguire per tutta vita.

The 21st century has seen a notable increase in human migration, influenced by historical, social, political, and economic factors, as well as more immediate issues such as international conflicts and the escalating impact of climate change. This latter factor is particularly concerning when examining human mobility and health. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2023), it is projected that by 2050, over one billion people could be at risk from climate-related hazards. The consequences of this are especially relevant to the growing health disparities. The global migrant population has grown to 281 million over the last two decades. As individuals move across borders, their health status might be affected, highlighting the importance of recognising the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. The increased challenges posed by rising human mobility also expose populations to a heightened risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks.

Over the past two decades, the ecological approach to health has emphasized the interconnectedness between human health, biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and socioeconomic conditions. As these systems are deeply interlinked, social and environmental justice must be considered interdependent, since crises in one area have the potential to impact other areas, particularly threatening vulnerable populations due to the feedback loop between poverty, social fragility, and environmental degradation. An interdisciplinary approach is essential for addressing these complex issues and should be prioritized in policy decisions. While the One Health approach advocates for collaboration across disciplines to achieve optimal health for people, animals, and the environment, it needs updating to address new challenges posed by climate change and global threats. The Planetary Health paradigm offers a more comprehensive framework by emphasizing the interdependence of human and ecological health and advocating for multiand transdisciplinary research and action. Healthcare professionals play a vital role in promoting such an approach, especially in advancing sustainability and ecosystem health. We suggest they should advocate for healthy, low-impact behaviors and support rapid decarbonization and the reduction of the environmental footprint of healthcare facilities, according to the principle of “Health in all policies”. Only by fostering an interdisciplinary approach and emphasizing the need to care for Nature can we better understand and address the complexity of the interconnections between environmental, social, and health systems. A holistic approach and a team-focused perspective are crucial for tackling current crises, preventing future pandemics, promoting sustainable development, and ensuring the well-being of all life forms on Earth.

The article outlines the One Health concept as a transdisciplinary approach to addressing the significant public health threats resulting from the accelerated pace of climate change. The authors analyse climate change’s direct and indirect effects on human health, examining the potential impact on fertility and birth rates. They explore the relationship between uncertainty for the future, deriving from climate risk too, and the choice to preserve the oocytes for nonmedical reasons. Additionally, the paper underscores the crucial role of the EU Institution in operationalizing the One Health approach via an extensive policy framework. It specifically examines the EU Nature Restoration Law, emphasising the safeguarding and rehabilitating of biodiversity to provide co-benefits for human health and climate change adaptation.

One Health has gained more visibility in recent years, due to the complexity of key health issues. In this article, the One Health framework is used to synthesize a governance model capable of going beyond individual health protection strategies. First, the risk category is presented through a discussion of the recent actions supported by the EU for the management of global risks, with respect to the One Health paradigm. Following this, the analysis shifts to “M6 Salute” of the Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR)1, presenting the measures promoted in a One Health perspective that are oriented at the elderly and frail. Lastly, we highlight the limits and potential of integrated planning, with regard to certain critical issues inherent both to intervention plans on a global scale and to the endemic difficulties of our national health service (NHS).

Monitoring and evaluation of integrated “One Health” surveillance is essential to ensure an efficient allocation of resources, the achievement of surveillance goals and to ensure that all stakeholders assume their roles and responsibilities. Several evaluation tools are available, which differ in their approaches, user-friendliness, comprehensiveness. Here we present the experience of evaluating the degree of One Health implementation of integrated surveillance plans for antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with special reference to ClassyFarm, the Italian system implemented to monitor AMU and AMR in livestock farms.

The purpose of this paper is to outline the roles and functions of veterinary medicine that have been recognised since 2003, particularly in the aftermath of SARS, when a public health and healthcare model was proposed that integrates human, animal, and environmental ecosystem medicine into a unified vision in line with the “One Health” model. The aim is to illustrate that treating humans and animals in isolation, without recognising their interconnectedness, could lead to inadequate responses to epidemics, antibiotic resistance in livestock, misconceptions about human-animal interactions, and the maintenance of ecosystems and food. Finally, the paper aims to contribute to a reflection on the future roles and perspectives of the veterinary profession.

The global spread of emerging infectious diseases in the late 20th century contributed to the development of the One Health approach (OH). However, environmental issues were initially neglected by the OH agenda. This paper describes two case studies of environmental contamination in Italy that catalysed the integration of environmental health into OH practices. In the early 2000s, in the Susa Valley (Piedmont) and the Sacco Valley (Lazio), analyses of cow’s milk revealed widespread chemical contamination. Monitoring campaigns, epidemiological studies and mitigation strategies saw the full collaboration of veterinary, medical and environmental institutions, effectively embodying the OH approach. The results of a SWOT analysis of these experiences indicate that strengthening institutional collaboration, proactive prevention strategies and transparent communication can significantly improve OH outcomes, ensuring a comprehensive response to environmental and health emergencies.

One Health testifies to the ambition to set in motion knowledge, skills and abilities that can avert threats that endanger life, in all its forms, and the planet’s ecosystems. The proactive use of the concept and the usability of a transdisciplinary approach are demonstrated by various applications in the field and the growing interest in the epistemological, ethical and philosophical fields. Here, the use of communication in the context of One Health is detailed and shown with examples that clarify its dimensions and links to governance issues.

General practitioners play a crucial role in implementing a One Health approach. This study investigates this implementation process between regulative framework and a selection of some practices adopted by general practitioners in relation to environmental health in Italy. Moreover, based on the literature review and on the support of Artificial Intelligence, it suggests a decalogue for the One Health general practitioners. The main challenges in the implementation process of One Health approach in primary care concern the investment in territorial health reform in Italy towards the House of the Communities, the valorization of the general practitioners practices related to the environmental health and the further testing and development of the recommended One Health General Decalogue.

The One Health approach is a transdisciplinary and integrated framework recognizing the interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health. Supported by organizations like WHO and the European Commission, it addresses global health challenges by promoting disease prevention, detection, and management. Originating from the SARS outbreak and the Manhattan Principles, One Health highlights the impact of environmental factors on health, particularly in childhood. Issues like climate change, deforestation, and urbanization drive the spread of zoonotic diseases, affecting vulnerable populations. Integrating environmental strategies, water sanitation (WASH), and public policy, One Health aims for sustainable, collaborative solutions to protect health across generations.

The prevalence of obesity and related health problems has increased drastically in recent decades. By focusing on the phenomenon within the context of changing relationships between humans, other living species, and the environment, the article opens the way to a One Health perspective for understanding and tackle obesity. The study presents empirical data based on interviews with patients and doctors in a hospital highly specialized in the treatment of metabolic diseases and their associated pathologies. Among the results of the research is that a significant part of the patients interviewed have internalized norms, attitudes and behaviours associated with a state of marginalization and isolation. These findings emphasize the crucial yet often overlooked role of meaningful interpersonal relationships at the meso-level in the obesogenic environment.

Two themes have emerged in the limited literature addressing child health from a One Health perspective. The first has been inspired by widely held societal representations of children as fragile beings who need protection. The second theme concerns the need to offer children with One Health educational pathways that might enable them to protect their own health. This literature has assumed a traditional view of childhood that neglects one of the cornerstones both One Health perspective and the new childhood studies: the need for the active participation of all those involved in the construction of health-related practices. The present study uses conceptual tools from One Health and the new childhood studies to identify the social processes that influence the construction of everyday One Health-orientated life practices and the implementation of children’s right to well-being. We apply some of these tools to empirical material from ours previous research with children with asthma Our data showed how navigating the complexities of managing a chronic illness required the ongoing pursuit of an equilibrium between individual needs, those pertaining to the illness and treatment, and environmental conditions. We discuss how children are active subject and how they sought an empowering and dynamic balance their evolving needs, the demands of illness management, and the environment.

The One Health (OH) approach adopts a relational perspective that encompasses connections and interdependencies among humans, other living species, and the environment. Since the mid-2000s, and even more so after the Covid-19 pandemic, researchers and policy makers have paid increasing attention on this approach. The article discusses different hypothesis on OH’s history. Also, it proposes an understanding of OH’s origins closely linked to how contemporary societies are fundamentally reshaping their way of conceiving risks and dealing with them, as Ulrich Beck has taught us. Finally, the Authors describe OH as a bourdieusian field of actors, practices, and relationships. This implies the consequence of considering as knowledge-producing actors also the bearers of those forms of practical, secular, experiential knowledge that are generally excluded from the production of scientific knowledge, in addition to the bearers of knowledge and interests of an economic and administrative nature.