RISULTATI RICERCA

La psicoanalisi fonda la sua teoria e la sua prassi clinica sull’interpretazione dei so-gni. Dall’opera monumentale della Traumdeutung freudiana, che dichiara l’indagine dei processi onirici la “via regia per l’inconscio”, fino alle affascinanti speculazioni di Wil-fred Bion, che ribalta l’assunto senza scardinarlo, dicendo che non è l’inconscio che crea il sogno, ma il sogno che crea l’inconscio, possiamo confermare l’importanza basilare del sognare in salute e in malattia. Una rispettabile, ma minor mole di studi è dedicata in ambito psicoanalitico al sonno, premessa fisiologica del sognare, fenomeno comune agli umani e ad altri animali, che dall’ambito originario del mito è divenuto oggi sempre più oggetto dell’indagine privilegiata della neurofisiologia e delle neuroscienze. Questo lavoro si dedica invece a un terzo tema meno noto e celebrato: quello dei processi psichici che precedono l’addormentamento; e, simmetricamente, al percorso inverso del risveglio. Il trascorrere dalla veglia al sonno e viceversa, esperienza al tempo stesso banale e perturbante, è uno spazio di coscienza sospesa nel quale abbiamo la possibilità di sorprendere noi stessi; una zona privatissima, ipersoggettiva, nella quale talora gli artisti e gli scienziati hanno un contatto privilegiato con il preconscio e con la creatività.

L’integrazione dei migranti è una priorità nei paesi di destinazione, ma l’elevato tasso di disoccupazione, bassi salari e forte segmentazione continua-no a dominare il quadro. La distanza linguistica e culturale è alla base della carenza di soft-skills che ostacolano l’integrazione. Le politiche culturali pos-sono essere uno strumento per i loro effetti positivi sugli individui e, in parti-colare, sui migranti. La presente indagine sistematizza la letteratura sul tema della partecipazione ai cori come elemento cruciale. I risultati sono misurati con indicatori psicologici e psico-sociali per comprendere l’aumento dell’autostima, auto-efficacia e coesione sociali di cui i migranti necessitano per ottenere il capitale sociale utile alla loro integrazione nel paese ricevente. Sebbene gli studi empirici non risultino scientificamente convincenti, a causa di campioni limitati e assenza di randomizzazione, la numerosità e varietà per-suadono circa la bontà dei loro effetti.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, Italy imposed lockdown measures, which also affected places of worship that had to suspend group religious celebrations. This study focuses on the dematerialization of the sacred space, achieved through the creation of the “digital mosque.” The author interviewed imams and participated in online worship during the lockdown. The analysis of the data explored various facets, including the reactions of Muslim communities to the impact of the lockdown and government directives guidelines. The study then delved into the transition of certain communities from offline Islam to online Islam, culminating in the establishment of the “digital mosque.” The lat-ter serves as both a virtual gathering place for the faithful and a tool for social control and the definition of authority in the interpretation of the online inter-pretation of the sacred. However, it should be noted that different Muslim communities reacted in various ways to the use of the internet.

Attingendo a due casi etnografici, in mare e a terra, che hanno riguardato diversi Paesi (Tunisia e Italia), e che mettono insieme i risultati di diverse ricer-che etnografiche condotte su diversi campi, questo articolo esplora il nesso tra solidarietà e migration industry “dal basso”. In questo quadro, secondo gli autori la solidarietà non prende forma in un frame morale/idealistico; piuttosto, viene affrontata con un approccio materialistico, rivelando le sue forme molteplici e spurie, nonché la sua importanza per il completamento di una molte-plicità di transazioni e scambi attraverso i quali i migranti danno forma alle loro routine quotidiane. L’articolo si compone di due casi di studio etnografici in cui tutti gli autori so-no stati coinvolti, anche se in modi diversi. Approfondendo le specificità dei diversi campi etnografici, gli autori giungono a definire la “solidarietà interes-sata” come un insieme di pratiche materiali che possono essere configurate sia come costitutive di un legame sociale sia come un insieme di pratiche capacitative, che consentono alle persone di esercitare concreta-mente i propri dirit-ti, anche in contesti ostili o attraversati da violente dinamiche di razzializza-zione.

This paper explores economic interactions between displaced people, local societies and spatial dimensions of migration management and border con-trols, most notably camps, focusing on the northeast Aegean islands of Chios and Lesvos. It explores the diverse activities, practices, transactions and rela-tions developing in, around and in relation to migrant camps, the array of eco-nomic actors involved, and the multiple spatialities operating at different scales. These actors intersect in various ways and occasionally interact in overlapping networks, stimulating “developmental” processes in fields of eco-nomic activities within but also beyond the migration industries. Building pri-marily on fieldwork conducted on the two islands in 2020, as well as on sec-ondary data and desk research, the paper argues that reception policies create value and mobilise resources in ways that may deepen existing inequalities or even produce new ones, capitalizing on the presence of the migrants them-selves.

This article focuses on Lampedusa as an exemplary case study of economic transformation brought about by migration, as well as the creation of a ‘migra-tion industry’. On the basis of interviews with key informants and a reconstruction of the secondary literature, it shows how migration has given international visibility to the island, starting from the first arrivals of emigrants in the 1990s, through the increase in landings during the so-called ‘Arab Spring’, and up to the pre-sent. This has fed various processes of conversion from an economy based on fishing towards an economy built around relatively recent tourism. Further-more, it highlights how the national, European and international policies of migration governance have contributed to creating an industry based on con-sumption by the military, police, volunteers, health and humanitarian person-nel present on the island and the impact this has had on the local service sec-tor.

The bureaucratic management of the legal and administrative statuses of mi-grants is a pervasive yet scarcely researched aspect of the migratory experi-ence. This article describes the field of intermediation services for migrants, with a particular focus on legal and bureaucratic support. Using the 2020 regu-larization of irregular migrant workers in Italy as a case study, it shows that actors related to this emerging segment of the ‘migration industry’ are not only concerned with facilitating migrants’ physical border crossings but also that intermediation services increasingly involve the crossing of internal borders, particularly between different (il)legal migration statuses. The article describes the field of legal-administrative status-intermediation, highlighting the different actors involved, who differ widely in their legal competency and the degree to which they marketize their services. The article argues that the com-bination of legal uncertainty and the specific features of the institutional and regulatory framework concerning intermediation services in Italy creates space for the emergence and expansion of for-profit actors. These actors oper-ate on a sliding scale between legal and illegal, formal and informal service-provision, ranging from commercial intermediation to illicit practices and fraud. Additionally, the article shows increasing forms of competition and ten-sion between non-profit and for-profit actors in the field. The analysis is based on 45 interviews with different actors of civil society, employers and migrants involved in the amnesty. The article looks at the migration industry as a field of intermediation in a context marked by the pandemic and on the forms of embeddedness of irregular migrants in local society.

Evidence from different countries show that increasingly restrictive policies such as the criminalisation of migrant smuggling and the externalisation of border controls to countries of origin and transit of migratory flows, often re-sult in more sophisticated organisational structures, causing the replacement of small-scale decentralised organisations with larger hierarchical structures. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 20 professionals involved in undocu-mented migration, this study aims to assess the impacts of bilateral policy changes between 2016 and 2021 on the smuggling industry in the Mediterra-nean through a postfunctionalist theoretical perspective. The Italy-Libya Memorandum of Understanding and the EU-Turkey agreement prompted changes in migrants’ routes arriving in Greece and Italy, leading to a shift in demand for smuggling services from certain countries to others. As the find-ings suggest, the Italy-Libya agreement increased the demand for smugglers operating in Tunisia, while the EU-Turkey agreement reinforced traditional methods of unauthorised movement relying on smuggling networks.

This introduction aims to give a brief overview of research on the migration industries, based on our definition of the migration industry as all those eco-nomic and financial activities developing between people on the move and the border, we categorise the literature that focuses on this topic around the nexus of mobility, immobility and settlement. We suggest reading and interpreting the research along three main dimensions, depending on where migration in-dustry actors intervene in the relationship between people on the move and the border: a migration industry that facilitates mobility and border crossing and involves actors ranging from smuggling networks to global recruitment agen-cies; an immobility migration industry that involves state and private actors aiming to regulate and/or control the movement of people; and a migration in-dustry that is not concerned with the journey itself, but with the settlement of migrants. Various migration industry actors are present in all these stages, re-configuring their roles, shifting their activities, and responding to new and dis-tinct opportunities for/of the commodification and commercialisation of mi-gration. For these reasons, as will be argued in the introduction to this mono-graph issue, the notion of industries rather than a single industry better reflects the variety of actors and activities operating between migrant agency and border along the different stages of migration projects.

This article analyzes processes, networks and actors on markets for border control as they relate to the operational work and structures of the European Border and Coast Guard (Frontex). More specifically, based on data collection and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, it contributes new research on migration industries and infrastructures, by examining how Frontex has been reconfigured towards a functionality of generating and developing mar-kets for border security, including surveillance deportations and infrastruc-tures through tenders, contracts and company relations. The article also exam-ines how this development has facilitated the creation of EUROSUR, and EU collaboration with Libyan authorities as well as the implementation of depor-tations from Greece and Turkey. It concludes with more general observations on the political economy of border control resulting from Frontex’s crafting of border markets, and the implications it has for human rights and transparency.

The paper aims to contribute to understanding the value relevance of compre-hensive disclosure, covering different types of information provided in addi-tion to traditional financial reporting. This research is based on an initial sam-ple of 361 documents available on the Scopus database as of December 2022. The study adopts a bibliometric analysis based on the similarity visualization technique on a final sample of 179 articles using the VOSViewer software, and it also performs a content analysis on a subsample of 49 articles. The study mapped and clustered research networks, providing a systematic literature overview. A steady increase of interest in the topic investigated has been observed in re-cent years, driven by the growing attention investors and other users deserve on the role of extended information in disclosing how the firm creates value. The network analysis reveals the existence of four main research streams re-ferring to the following topics: Intangibles, Intellectual Capital Disclosure (ICD) and corporate reputation; ESG and Sustainability disclosure; Environ-mental disclosure and capital market effects; Integrated Reporting and Value Creation. Results highlight prominent research fields and emerging trends, which calls for in-depth consideration of the value relevance of comprehen-sive disclosure within the academic and political space. This article adds to prior research on the topic investigated, combining quantitative and qualita-tive methods to systematize literature. In contrast to other review publications that rely primarily on specific reporting tools, our study refers to different types of reports, providing a systematic picture of the state of the art and fu-ture directions of literature on the value relevance of non-financial infor-mation.

Diversi studi sono stati dedicati all’analisi degli interventi psicologici in donne affette da carcinoma mammario e ai molteplici esiti in ambito psiconcologico. L’articolo presenta una rassegna dei principali contributi sull’argomento, approfondendo l’applicazione di protocolli di psicoterapia di gruppo in donne affette da carcinoma mammario e i relativi outcomes psicologici e psicosociali. La selezione degli studi di interesse e stata condotta interrogando la banca dati Scopus. Sono stati inclusi nella rassegna 38 studi, pubblicati dal 1998 ad oggi, che rispettavano i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione stabiliti a priori. L’obiettivo di tale lavoro e stato quello di valutare l’efficacia protocolli di psicoterapia di gruppo attraverso l’indagine dei relativi outcomes psicologici e psicosociali e dai risultati ottenuti e emersa una forte associazione positiva. Il presente lavoro si conclude con la possibilità circa le implicazioni cliniche di facilitare lo sviluppo di nuovi interventi psicologici volti a migliorare l’esperienza di malattia, che siano più omogenei e si basino sull’efficacia di quelli esistenti.