RISULTATI RICERCA

La ricerca ha estratto dal catalogo 105739 titoli

Stefano Semplici

Rispetto dell’autonomia, rispetto dell’umanità. L’etica di fronte alle demenze

RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2024

Rispettare le persone significa, prima di tutto, rispettare la loro autonomia, non solo nell’ambito dell’etica medica che ha abbandonato l’antico paradigma paternalistico. È proprio l’autonomia a essere progressivamente erosa nelle diverse forme di demenza: il paziente diventa incapace non solo di far fronte alle normali esigenze della vita quotidiana, ma anche di prendere le decisioni che riguardano la sua salute. Una delle questioni più controverse è quella del peso da attribuire alle disposizioni anticipate di trattamento: alla tesi secondo la quale a esse va riconosciuto un valore fortemente vincolante, proprio perché espressione dell’autonomia che c’era e adesso è perduta, si contrappone quella di un bilanciamento che prenda in considerazione anche i desideri e le preferenze che il paziente continua a esprimere e dai quali dipende il suo benessere. Ci sono altre dimensioni dell’umanità che, insieme all’autonomia, hanno valore e meritano rispetto? Una risposta positiva a questa domanda impone una riflessione più articolata su temi come la dimensione preriflessiva dell’esistenza, il ruolo delle relazioni, il principio di eguaglianza, le responsabilità di cura che corrispondono ai diversi stadi della progressione della malattia.

Elisabetta Notarnicola, Simone Manfredi, Michela Meregaglia, Eleonora Perobelli, Andrea Rotolo

La gestione della demenza al domicilio: la prospettiva dei caregiver

RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2024

L’articolo presenta i dati di una ricerca condotta nel 20222023 con lo scopo di analizzare gli impatti economici e sociali dell’assistenza al domicilio delle persone anziane non autosufficienti nel caso specifico del contesto milanese e di persone affette da demenza. La ricerca è incentrata sulla prospettiva delle famiglie e integra una analisi sui bisogni di assistenza della persona anziana con una analisi dei bisogni dei caregiver. In particolare si è indagato quali bisogni emergano dalla decisione di assistere una persona anziana al domicilio e quali di questi trovino attualmente soddisfazione nell’offerta esistente. Si è cercato di quantificare l’entità dell’impatto, diretto e indiretto, che le diverse strategie di cura producono per le famiglie. La ricerca ha combinato un approccio quali-quantitativo , basandosi su un campione di interviste con caregiver famigliari avente l’obiettivo di esplorare i macro-temi e le questioni più rilevanti rispetto al caregiving a domicilio. A partire da queste è stato costruito un questionario di Cost of Illness e di qualità della vita dell’anziano e del caregiver (EQ-5D-5L e CarerQol-7D). È stato sviluppato infine un esperimento Discrete Choice per esplorare le preferenze delle famiglie rispetto alla tipologia di servizi al domicilio. Lo studio ha stimato il reale costo socioeconomico dell’assistenza al domicilio delle persone anziane con demenza, mostrando come l’incidenza dei costi non sanitari e della quota a carico della famiglia sia dominante. Mostra poi l’entità dell’impatto sulla qualità di vita del caregiver e della persona anziana, mettendo al centro il tema della quotidianità, della centralità delle relazioni e del benessere psicologico oltre che fisico, di entrambe le figure. La ricerca segna infine la rotta di futuri interventi e pacchetti di servizi, indicando le preferenze delle famiglie e quantificando la disponibilità a pagare per soluzioni che sia presentino una maggiore intensità assistenziale, ma anche una centralità dei servizi per i caregiver.

Agostino Pastore

“Non trovo il mio rosso!” Dubbi metodici per una cura psicoanalitica dei disturbi neurocognitivi

RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2024

Curare i pazienti affetti da disturbo neurocognitivo rappresenta una sfida ardua che ciascun clinico tenta di affrontare. La Demenza mostra una complessa varietà di sovrapposizione di sintomi, che vanno dalla neurologia alla psichiatria, il che rende difficile inquadrare i pazienti e la loro fenomenologia in una rigida separazione di branche mediche. La sua espansione epidemiologica costringe i medici a riconsiderare la maniera in cui pensano, non già al solo soggetto demente, ma al soggetto stesso, preso nel dispositivo medico di cura. Pertanto, verranno qui discussi 1) lo statuto del soggetto, 2) il ruolo potenziale della psicoanalisi nell’affrontare i sintomi neuropsichiatrici e 3) alcune considerazioni sulla relazione terapeutica, che rappresentano punti oscuri di resistenza quando si abbia a che fare con il fenomeno disturbo neurocognitivo. Lo scopo di questo articolo è proprio quello di illuminare queste zone d’ombra con la lente della psicoanalisi lacaniana, intesa come un prezioso strumento per prevenire inevitabili pratiche di desoggettivazione.

Fabrizio Asioli

Disturbi mentali e demenza

RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2024

La popolazione con pregressi disturbi psichiatrici (psicosi, abuso di sostanze e alcol, disturbi del tono dell’umore e disturbi d’ansia) ha un rischio 4 volte superiore di sviluppare successivamente una demenza, con un esordio della demenza più precoce (5.6 anni). Viene indagata in particolare la correlazione fra depressione e demenza che risulta più studiata per la diffusione della depressione sia nella popolazione generale che in quella anziana. I risultati delle ricerche che si occupano di questa correlazione evidenziano che il miglioramento dei trattamenti dei disturbi psichiatrici sarebbe in grado di ridurre il rischio di deterioramento cognitivo nella popolazione anziana.

Yvonne D. B. Bonner, Gino Mazzoli

Editoriale

RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA

Fascicolo: 2 / 2024

Teresa Martyniuk, Mykola Bondar, Marzena Remlein, Olena Tsiatkovska, Nataliia Ostapiuk

Accounting of infrastructure assets of state institutions as an element of sustainable development goals

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate these principles with a special focus on their interaction with the achievement of sustainable development goals. The main research methods used in this study were modelling and forecasting. The study showed that the valuation of infrastructure facilities is one of the main components for ensuring the efficient functioning of the economy. The paper describes a significant number of problems observed in the country in the management of such assets, which indicates the need to create a more efficient system of accounting and auditing. It was also concluded that the life cycle approach is important, as it is more focused on achieving the principles of sustainable development than others. This is due, in particular, to the fact that this approach makes it possible to estimate the total cost of an asset over its lifetime, including a significant number of its various components. This allows for a better assessment of the true value of the asset. In addition, the study briefly assessed the state of infrastructure losses as a result of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which once again confirmed the existing relevance of developing more effective standards for accounting for such assets in public institutions. The conclusions drawn in this study can be applied both to the management of public institutions and to the creation of policies in the field of accounting principles development.

Ahmed Elnadif Elmanssury, Yasir Hayat Mughal, Muhammad Fiaz, Irfan Ullah, Asif Mahmood

Unmasking the narcissism and workaholism dilemma: A parallel and sequential mediation dance of perfectionism and paranoia in diverse organizational environments

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

Narcissistic workaholics are preoccupied with establishing themselves as authoritative figures in order to hold status. The need to achieve the highest status can become obsessive for certain people, driving them to continuously test their limitations. The same can be said about the mind when it comes to any kind of addiction and work life-stressor. Those who suffer from perfectionism have unrealistically high standards for themselves. In this mental state, paranoia might develop. The purpose of this paper was to investigate these concerns. So far, we hypothesized that, according to the Whole Trait Theory, narcissist suffering from perfectionism and paranoid personality disorder positively linked with workaholism Using multi-source data of 450 responses from leaders-subordinates’ dyads working in 20 Pakistanis Industries (which include Information Technology, Banking and finance, and healthcare). The data was analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that narcissism is positively linked with workaholism, while perfectionism and paranoia first parallel mediates this relationship, and in comparative view, the complex sequential serial mediation model mediated first through paranoid personality disorder and then perfectionism. Employee mental health should be prioritized, and positive workaholism should be encouraged.

Max J.A. Romero, Cristina Moliner, Elisabetta Arato

Discussion on plastic waste management hierarchy

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

Although recycling is one of the main solutions proposed in the waste hierarchy established by the Waste Framework Directive, the effective recycling of plastic packaging waste in Italy is still insufficient. Through a review of European Union and Italian legislation, recycling strategies and technological innovations, such as the use of bioplastics and chemical recycling, this work aims to help fill possible knowledge gaps and guide decisions in both, the public sector and the private sector, in the development of policies that enhance the management of plastic packaging waste. Among the results it was found that the low recycling rate of plastic packaging is in partly due to the technical and regulatory limitations that exist at European level for the growth of innovative solutions in the plastic industry. These limitations include the complexity of plastic packaging waste streams and the lack of a single European Union Directive that harmonizes the laws of the Member States regarding the use of bioplastics, chemical recycling technologies and value-added products obtained.

Iuliia Zolotareva, Francesco Zecca

Food security and sustainable development: West Africa case study

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

The authors examine food security and sustainable development in West Africa. The research exploits the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) definition of food security which suggests four dimensions: availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability. A consolidated food security index is constructed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on publicly available country-level data from 2001 to 2022. The findings show significant variability in food security across the region, with notable challenges in stability pillar. The authors underscore the importance of enhancing regional cooperation, improving political stability, and targeting policies to improve food security and guarantee sustainable development.

Gulnar Aigarinova, Nellya Kairova, Nuradin Nakyshov, Turdaly Karatayev, Gylshat Rakhmetova, Sadykh Yessimkulov

Legal regulation of climate change in the context of global warming

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

The relevance of the problem stated in this article is due to the direct negative impact of the climate change, in particular the global warming, on most life-supporting human processes: production, agricultural sector, safe and secure dwelling of population, and more. The purpose of this article is to study the effectiveness and efficiency of harmonization of the national legislation of the developed countries in accordance with international legal treaties in the field of climate in the context of global warming. The formal legal method is the main one in the study of this issue, which allows making a legal analysis of the provisions of international legal treaties of both a general nature and special rules that relate to the carrying out of entrepreneurial activity, considering the minimization of negative impact on the climate change, as well as foundations for implementation of the carbon neutrality policy. As a result of research, it was made the legal analysis of the content of legal acts on the issue of climate change. The requirements for business entities were determined, provided for by the international legal agreements and leading to a decrease in the negative impact on the climate. In addition, it was made an analysis of the legal basis and feasibility of achieving the carbon neutrality in the developed countries until 2050. To a greater extent, the results of the study are of theoretical significance, since the generalization of requirements provided for by international law is the end result of the study, which together will lead to a decrease in the impact of global warming on climate change, states, business entities and individuals. In turn, the results of this study can be the basis for improving the mechanisms of influence on the climate both in the field of legal sciences and technical sciences. .

Aigerim Zhakypbek, Indira Sarybayeva, Gulzhan Alimbekova, Gulnur Yesbergenova

Causes of social exclusion of the elderly: Barriers to inclusive sustainable development

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

Sustainable development cannot be achieved by leaving behind vulnerable and marginalized groups like older persons who experience multidimensional inequali-ties and social exclusion. This study investigates the root causes, manifestations, and impacts of social exclusion faced by the elderly population in Kazakhstan through an interdisciplinary socio-anthropological lens. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and empirical analysis, the research examines subjective experiences of loneliness, isolation, low social en-gagement, and barriers to accessing essential services among older adults. It high-lights how factors like health status, income insecurity, ageism, lack of social support systems, and physical/digital accessibility issues intersect to produce and per-petuate social exclusion. In the course of the work carried out, it was revealed that the process of reducing the phenomenon of social exclusion provides an oppor-tunity to increase the effectiveness of social policy, one of the key tasks of which is to ensure a high standard of living for the elderly. Among the results obtained, factors such as subjective feeling of loneliness, diagnosis of social isolation, low level of social activity, and so on, should be noted. Through a conceptual analysis, the main group of risks was considered, which includes a large list of various areas of public activity. Policy proposals include strengthening social protection, facili-tating intergenerational solidarity, inclusive urban planning, digital inclusion and enhancing accessibility to public services tailored to older persons’ needs.

Aibek Kumysbekov, Natalya Kalashnikova, Alexandr Danilov, Assel Ayaganova

Preconditions and causes of inter-ethnic conflicts in Central Asia

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

Central Asia’s ethnic diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for sus-tainable development. While cultural richness can foster social cohesion, ethnic inequalities and tensions can impede progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to analyse the main factors contributing to inter-ethnic conflicts in the region, examining their impact on stability and propos-ing measures to promote inclusive development and multicultural coexistence. Utilizing comparative, case study, statistical, and analytical methods, the research explores the complex interplay of ethnic diversity, territorial disputes, economic factors, and political instability as preconditions and causes of inter-ethnic con-flicts. The Central Asian region is characterised by a significant diversity of ethnic groups, each of which has its own unique cultural, religious, and historical features. This creates a potential field for inter-ethnic tensions and conflicts. The results of research in this area underline the need for in-depth analyses of specific conflicts and the development of measures to resolve and prevent inter-ethnic conflicts in Central Asia. Effective management of these preconditions and causes can con-tribute to maintaining peace and stability in the region. The study examines recent inter-ethnic conflicts that have occurred in the territory of Central Asia. The practi-cal significance of this research lies in its potential to inform strategies for conflict prevention, peace-building, and the promotion of multicultural coexistence. By addressing ethnic inequalities and fostering inclusive development, Central Asian nations can create an enabling environment for sustainable growth.

Karakat Nagymzhanova, Bakhyt Tusupbekova, Aiym Otep, Azamat K. Nagymzhanov

Gender inequalities: Understanding gender identity and changing trends

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

The relevance of the subject under consideration is due to the presence of a wide range of issues that are rarely interrelated, as well as the blurring of the concepts of personal and gender identity. This study examines gender identity and its implica-tions for gender inequalities. The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of gender identity and its modern trends of change, with a focus on how they relate to gender inequalities and sustainable development in the context of Kazakhstan. The tasks involve identifying and considering issues related to gender identity, de-veloping an original approach to understanding personal identity, tracking and an-alysing how concepts and views on gender identity are currently changing, and evaluating the ideas of young men and women about issues of gender identity. It was revealed that for a long time the identity of the individual was studied thanks to three conceptual approaches; current trends indicate that identity is changeable, not permanent; two-thirds of the men surveyed hold patriarchal beliefs regarding the family sphere; all the interviewed girls have egalitarian beliefs regarding the role of women in the development of society, career growth, leadership, leadership and much more. The results obtained shed light on the persistence of gender stere-otypes and inequalities in Kazakh society, which have implications for sustainable development.

Saule Okutayeva, Emin Askerov, Zubirash Smagulova, Nurgul Yesmagulova, Saida Kaidarova

Social entrepreneurship as a catalyst for addressing inequalities and promoting sustainable development

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024

The evolution of socio-economic relations has determined the emergence of such a type of activity as social entrepreneurship, which applies the commercial com-ponent to businesses that directly influence the transformation of the social sphere by solving concrete social problems. The purpose of this study was to summarise the theoretical foundations and practical experience of social entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. The information base for the study was provided by relevant scien-tific studies in this area, as well as regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan and official statistical information. The findings reveal a significant increase in the number of social entrepreneurship entities, indicating the dynamism of this sector’s development. However, over 43% of these entities fall under category 4, charac-terized by simplified criteria for inclusion in the register, suggesting limited involvement of socially vulnerable segments of the population. Accordingly, there is a limited involvement of socially vulnerable segments of the population in the economic activity of the country due to the low activity of business involvement in solving social problems, which underlies the functioning of the industry. The study highlights the vital role of social entrepreneurship in addressing inequalities and fostering sustainable development by solving concrete social problems. By providing employment opportunities, access to essential goods and services, and innovative solutions, social enterprises can contribute to reducing inequalities, promoting inclusive economic growth, and creating sustainable communities. Based on the identified problems, to improve the efficiency of social entrepreneur-ship functioning, this study offered practical recommendations aimed at improv-ing administrative and regulatory mechanisms.

Antonio Garofalo

Editorial

RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA'

Fascicolo: 1 / 2024