RISULTATI RICERCA

Il mio intento è quello di parlare della mia esperienza di analista dal momento in cui scattò il lockdown, per arrivare a condividere quello che questa esperienza ha aggiun-to ad oggi al mio modo di pensare al mio lavoro. Allo scoccare del lockdown abbiamo dovuto affrontare situazioni nuove, che stanno sconvolgendo il nostro abituale modo di lavorare con l’altro e sfidando le nostre capacità di adattamento. Al riguardo, l’importanza del rapporto tra colleghi in periodi come questo risulta essere più supportivo di sempre. Il cimentarsi con altre modalità di rapporto rispetto alla usuale sessione in presenza, ha riportato in auge la centralità delle tematiche attinenti al corpo e alla sensorialità in psicoanalisi (Russell, 2015; Turkle, 2015; Parsons, 2007, 2014). Il problema che si pone è se e quanto esperienze traumatiche incarnate, non linguisticizzate né linguisti-cizzabili (Mancia, 2004; Correale, 2022), possano essere raggiunte ed integrate, at-traverso la relazione analitica, anche nella modalità online. L’A. esporrà le sue considerazioni sull’influenza che il passaggio dalle sedute in pre-senza alla modalità online ha avuto sul processo terapeutico e sul setting durante la pandemia, e come tale esperienza abbia infine apportato dei cambiamenti nel pro-prio modo di pensare alla terapia online in generale. Attraverso l’esposizione di un caso clinico mostrerà nel dettaglio le difficoltà incon-trate nella sua pratica clinica, dove il ripiego sulla modalità a distanza ha continuato a garantire quel senso di sicurezza necessario per continuare a permettersi di sognare insieme e di esplorare in libertà, introducendo tuttavia nella relazione aspetti di ‘tecni-ca attiva’ (Ferenczi & Rank, 1923) che non si sarebbero dati in presenza e che sicu-ramente hanno influenzato il processo in modo differente.

A partire dalla teoria freudiana del trauma in due tempi (teoria della seduzione e concetto di Nachtäglichkeit), la finalità del lavoro è quella di estenderne la scansione temporale contemplando quattro tempi: l’impatto del trauma, l’ attribuzione di significato agli eventi e al contesto esperienziale, la “creazione” di risposte soggettive e personali e la rigidificazione delle risposte che si assemblano in forme di strutture e procedure fisse che dirigono le idee e i comportamenti. Il testo prosegue facendo riferimento alla filosofia della temporalità interna (Sant’Agostino e Heidegger), distinta dal tempo esterno. In questa cornice la proposta dell’A. è che il trauma non sia un “prodotto”, ma un “processo” che accade nel tempo interno al soggetto. L’irrigidimento del paziente nella prospettiva temporale del passato è definita “autotrauma”. Se la rigidificazione del tempo interno del passato è “trauma” e stasi, il futuro attiene al tempo del cambiamento : un tempo in cui il soggetto legge il “trauma” in un altro modo e di conseguenza dissolve tanto i nuclei traumatologici, quanto le risposte rigidamente adottate.

Alcune persone con diagnosi di schizofrenia mostrano un’alterazione del senso di Sé. Da una prospettiva psicodinamica, si è ipotizzato che abbiano disturbi dell’integrazione dei processi di identificazione e differenziazione del Sé/altro. Da un punto di vista neuroscientifico, alcuni pazienti con diagnosi di schizofrenia pre-sentano disfunzioni nei correlati neurali sia della rappresentazione del Sé differen-ziato dall’altro sia del Sé unito all’altro. La letteratura scientifica sottolinea l’importanza delle interazioni affettive sensori-motorie durante la prima infanzia tra il caregiver e l’infante nel processo di svilup-po del Sé e di protezione dei suoi confini. In particolare, sono stati condotti studi sul tatto affiliativo che agisce a diversi livelli, svolgendo una funzione antistress, defi-nendo i confini tra Sé e l’altro, promuovendo il senso di appartenenza sociale, facilitando i processi di embodiment e bilanciando il sistema specchio nel processo di differenziazione e identificazione tra Sé e l’altro. L’introduzione di interazioni cu-tanee basate sul tatto affiliativo sembra pertanto rappresentare un aspetto signifi-cativo della psicoterapia delle psicosi, come suggerito da alcuni pionieri del trat-tamento psicoanalitico delle psicosi. Sulla base di queste fondamenta teoriche, abbiamo sviluppato un innovativo approccio noto come Terapia Amniotica, che fa uso del tocco affiliativo. Questa tera-pia mira a replicare le interazioni affettivo-tattili tra il genitore e il neonato, specifiche della prima infanzia, e ha come obiettivo l'integrazione dei processi di diffe-renziazione e identificazione. In questo articolo, condivideremo i risultati di una ricerca condotta nell’arco di tre anni, centrata su un paziente affetto da psicosi, coinvolto in uno studio sperimentale incentrato sulla Terapia Amniotica. I risultati emersi dall’indagine hanno mostrato un notevole miglioramento dell’interocezione e del funzionamento complessivo del paziente, accompagnato da una significativa riduzione dei sintomi positivi della psicosi. Questo suggerisce che la Terapia Amniotica possa contribuire al potenzia-mento dei confini del Sé del paziente e all’integrazione dei processi di identificazio-ne e differenziazione.

The transformation of the professional football industry into a multi-billion-dollar industry has attracted increasing attention from regulators, investors and academics in recent years. Such interest has also been reflected in the exponential growth of economic-managerial scientific production on the subject. However, there is still no comprehensive overview of the literature. The objective of this paper is to achieve a systematisation of the scientific research conducted in the period between 1977 and 2023, identifying the current state of production, emerging research areas, and future research trajectories in the risk management perspective of football clubs. To this end, a bibliometric and systematic review were developed on 1.081 and 18 papers published during this period, respectively. Statistical processes useful for developing the analysis were conducted using Bibliometrix on data retrieved from the Scopus database. The results revealed the need to further investigate the declination of endogenous and exogenous determinants of risk drivers and their relationship with volatility of sports performance for professional football clubs.

The author talks about the evolution of the football system from the perspectives of the markets, sport, and its centrality in a state’s economy and internationally. The paper analyzes its exponential growth, which makes a financial change and improvement to respond to important competition costs and, in general, economic operations increase with the realization of a global regulatory harmonization. In fact, there is the implementation of a rules system that want to strengthen the transparency in these operations. Also, the author finds to examine the new regulation effective from 2023 and related sanctions. Another thematic here are multi-club ownerships (MCO), which are always more central and frequent; as the “sui generis” role of the sports agent and the development of the illegal practice of third-party ownership.

This study delves into the dynamic world Football Club Valuations, an area rich in economic and cultural significance. It addresses the complex issue of which factors most profoundly influence the enterprise value of a football club. Central to the hypothesis is the notion that a club’s infrastructural investments, player salaries, and on-field successes are determining factors in its financial value. To test this, and the other hypotheses of the study, the research employs a rigorous quantitative approach, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis, to investigate the factors influencing the enterprise value of European football clubs. Examining data from 28 prominent clubs between 2018 and 2023, our research focuses on infrastructural investments, player salaries, team value, and on-field performance. The results of this study are revealing, demonstrating a clear correlation between the hypothesized factors and club valuations, with infrastructural investments and player salaries emerging as key determinants of club valuation. The integration of a polynomial transformation for team value captures its complex, non-linear relationship with enterprise value. The model provides nuanced insights for football club stakeholders and managements. What distinguishes this work is its pioneering integration of financial acumen with a deep understanding of the unique cultural and economic landscape of football and reveals, how the dynamics of investment in infrastructure and player salaries, along with success in international competitions, significantly and complexly influence the corporate value in the football sector, offering a new framework for analyzing enterprise value in football.

This paper aims to analyse European climate policy’s state of the art concerning the urgent need to decarbonize society and the economy and meet pressing climate demands. Decarbonization refers to the progressive reduction of the carbon-to-hydrogen ratio within energy sources. The primary objective consists of a gradual transition to sustainable economic less polluting development models. The Paris Agreement (2015) highlighted the need to take concrete and timely action to prevent the planet’s already precarious balance from definitively collapsing. This paper analyses the main strategies that the European Union has conducted to take an active part in the decarbonization project by critically highlighting the challenges and opportunities that await us in the future.

Many manufacturing organizations have adapted their governance systems, strategies, business models, and strategic processes in the “New Normal” and technologies like Blockchains have irreversibly transformed how people live and work. Despite extensive scholarly research, analysing emerging trends in Blockchain research remains critical. Unfortunately, the use of bibliometric analysis to study Blockchain has been limited, with little understanding of how its various research areas are progressing. Bibliometric analysis, a useful method for examining the development of research, has not been widely used in the context of blockchain. The progression of its numerous research areas is also yet unknown. This study seeks to fill these gaps by employing bibliometric analysis to assess scientific progress and research focus on Blockchains in manufacturing. We used Vos Viewer to conduct this bibliometric analysis to evaluate 265 papers published from 2017 to 2022 using co-authorship and co-occurrence of keywords analysis. We have identified the most productive authors, institutions, countries, and top research fields, highlighting the essential advancements in the Blockchain field. The findings demonstrate how keywords related to Blockchain have changed over time and describe the research hotspots. The originality of this research lies in its application of bibliometric analysis to examine the development and emerging trends in Blockchain research within the manufacturing domain while offering novel insights into the productivity of authors, institutions, and countries, as well as identifying research hotspots and future research directions. This study contributes to the inadequate body of literature on bibliometric analysis in Blockchain research and provides useful guidance for researchers and practitioners in the field.

Developing a strong and vibrant economic base is one of the European Union priorities for 2019-2024. According to European policymakers, research and innovation activities have a direct impact on the level of prosperity and well-being of European society. EU regional policy is among other issues concentrated on the support of the development of SMEs and strengthening regional research and innovation activities. EU Smart specialisation strategy (S3) prioritizes research and innovation investment as a tool for the development of the European regions. Italy is an industrial country; its manufacturing companies represent the engine of economic growth and development, with their ability to produce wealth and job opportunities. Starting from the structure of the Italian economy characterized by widespread entrepreneurship, creating a favorable environment for businesses therefore responds to a specific public interest. For this reason, industrial policy is back at the core of the government's agenda. Knowing how to take up this challenge, however, not only concerns the government, but mainly entrepreneurs, to whom the new development and digitalization plans are providing agile and flexible tools to grow, innovate and acquire competitiveness. The development of collaborations between research and development institutions and SMEs is one of the measures to achieve these goals. By concentrating on the representative Lazio Region case, this study seeks to understand the contribution of the joint work of these platforms to the regional development and local entrepreneurial competitiveness through an in-depth analysis of strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of the ongoing smart specialization and digital transformation strategies.

Il presente studio si proponeva di indagare gli effetti del primo lockdown della pandemia da Covid-19 sulla memoria autobiografica emozionale di un gruppo di adulti della provincia di Bergamo, uno dei territori che ha sperimentato le conseguenze più drammatiche della prima ondata della pandemia da Covid-19. Hanno partecipato allo studio 83 persone (43 femmine e 40 maschi) di età compresa tra i 20 e i 69 anni. La ricerca è stata condotta sul web mediante la somministrazione di tre strumenti self-report: un compito di narrazione autobiografica tramite il quale è stato chiesto ai partecipanti di raccontare un evento emozionale che avevano vissuto durante il primo lockdown, un questionario sulle caratteristiche fenomenologiche del ricordo e una scala per la valutazione della centralità dell’evento per la storia di vita dei partecipanti. Dall’analisi del contenuto delle narrazioni autobiografiche è emerso che l’86% dei partecipanti aveva raccontato un evento emozionale con valenza edonica negativa, mentre il restante 14% aveva raccontato un evento con valenza positiva. Gli eventi negativi più citati includevano decessi e ricoveri ospedalieri dovuti al Covid; quelli positivi avevano a che fare invece con attività di svago, riunioni familiari e guarigioni dal Covid. Ricordi negativi e ricordi positivi presentavano delle somiglianze sostanziali in relazione alle loro caratteristiche narrative e fenomenologiche e al loro grado di centralità. Nelle conclusioni, gli autori interpretano i risultati alla luce della letteratura contemporanea sulla memoria autobiografica emozionale e delle caratteristiche del contesto di emergenza indagato.

Covid-19 pandemic had a massive impact on adolescents. The present study illustrates an online survey administered to N = 861 Italian adolescents (mean age = 15.81 years; females 58%), asking them about: (i) the most frequent negative emotions during the pandemic; (ii) the main sources of social support; (iii) whether they had also experienced positive emotions; (iv) in which lifedomains they had experienced positive emotions. The results reveal that adolescents experienced boredom, sadness, fear, and agitation as negative emotions. The respondents reported family, friends and themselves as sources of social support. The main life-domains in which adolescents experienced positive emotions were: new discoveries in self-awareness, inner growth, relational skills. This study highlights that the pandemic has elicited positive resources (e.g., resilience, creativity and generativity) in adolescents, laying the foundations for interventions, in developmental and educational psychology, that are not top-down but bottom-up.

We investigated the profiles of children and youth in street situations in Mlango Kubwa slum in Nairobi. Through a quanti-qualitative questionnaire, we collected the responses of 300 children and youth, starting from the social determinants of health as indicators of vulnerability. The foremost objective is to understand their social and health conditions as vulnerable/at-risk street groups. The secondary goal is to identify the populations’ strengths, inspecting protection mechanisms, survival strategies and dreams. The data show a complex situation: experiences of trauma, violence, conflict and abandonment; ambivalent family ties, school drop-out, lack of legal and physical protection, homelessness, living below the limit of extreme poverty. The street has activated survival strategies, mostly on an individual level, but functioning as a “base system” the street seems to act as a protective system and a possible scenario in which to create a different future together with youth workers: reconnecting with the family, liaising with expert figures in order to return to school or look for suitable training. Working with children and youth in street situations highlights the complexity of their vulnerability. This could be addressed through an integrated approach and a comprehensive primary health care model.

The moving Rubber Hand Illusion (mRHI) is a paradigm which investigates the sense of ownership (SoO) and the sense of agency (SoA) towards an artificial hand. This study aimed to highlight the role of the SoA on the development of the SoO according to the information provided by an actionrelated auditory cue. We expected that a reinforcement of the SoO illusion by the SoA could not occur if the sound of the action was removed. In order to assess the SoO and SoA, 25 participants performed the task in the the active congruent, passive congruent, and active incongruent conditions. Also, the onset time of the SoO in the congruent conditions was reported. The results confirmed our hypothesis, showing that agency did not play a pivotal role in promoting the onset of the ownership illusion if ecological auditory feedback was removed. Further research on the cross-modal assessment of individual bodily selfconsciousness is recommended. 

Per favorire l’occupabilità dei giovani si fa spesso riferimento all’importanza di offrire durante il percorso scolastico l’alternanza tra periodi di studio e di lavoro (sistema duale). In questo contesto, una funzione fondamentale di raccordo tra l’istituzione formativa (dove è incardinata) e l’azienda ospitante è svolto dal setting e dalle competenze dell’operatore del sistema duale, figura professionale dedicata all’accompagnamento del percorso. Nell’articolo si presentano le caratteristiche e i risultati di una valutazione di impatto del programma “Shape Work”. Realizzato da Fondazione Luigi Clerici in Regione Lombardia nel 2019, il programma agisce in chiave innovativa sui processi formativi e sul potenziamento delle competenze dell’operatore al fine di sostenere percorsi di accompagnamento degli alunni più fragili. Dal caso studio emergono buone pratiche di interesse generale.

Virtual Reality (VR) technology places users in a computer-generated three-dimensional environment where they experience a variety of visual and auditory cues related to their clinical needs. Despite the considerable growth of scientific knowledge in this field, the application of this knowledge to clinical practice has been slow. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the evidence related to the application of VRET interventions in the treatment of various disorders such as eating disorders, or even psychotic disorders and addictions, dwelling on anxiety disorders, in adults and in developmental age. VR technologies make it possible to create and replicate dangerous and impossible situations in the real world by allowing the precise acquisition of data, facilitating a more careful evaluation of rehabilitation progress; moreover, by exploiting the features of immersiveness and presence, it is possible to virtually recreate the perfect clinical setting for each intervention.

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of studies on the effectiveness of online psychological and psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at college students. Studies were identified through a search of PubMed and Scopus. Empirical studies included were in English language with peer review and focused on online psychological or psychotherapeutic interventions. 18 studies were selected. The predominant online intervention was cognitive-behavioral therapy. Online psychological interventions were found to be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and treating other conditions. In addition, they have been shown to be at least as effective and acceptable as classical interventions. Interventions delivered online have been found to be effective in improving the mental health of college students. They represent a useful tool to be implemented in health services provided by universities.

Diagnostic evaluations of neurodevelopmental disorders dramatically reduced and slowed down following the disruptions caused by Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. For this, it was necessary to identify solutions allowing diagnostic assessment, screening, and early patient care by implementing remote diagnostic protocols respecting the restrictions imposed by the lockdown. Centres and services specialized in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) had to quickly implement innovative diagnostic protocols able to satisfy patients’ needs, minimizing the chances of spreading the virus at the same time. This work collects the studies conducted so far on remote assessment of ASD both prior to and relating to the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It also explores standard diagnostic tools that have been adapted for remote administration, in order to evaluate strengths and limitations of these methodologies. Remote assessment methodologies were initially employed to overcome the difficulties of long-distance diagnoses and to respond to families’ need for continuity of public and private services. These studies underlined the validity of some remote diagnostic protocols and how telediagnosis may enable the diagnostic evaluation, making it more accessible and thus favouring timely intervention. We discussed the opportunity to integrate in person and remote approaches for diagnosing neurodevelopmental conditions, even in the post covid emergency period.

The present paper aims to discuss the request of the National Council of Italian Psychologists for a definition of the typical acts of psychologists in the clinical field by commenting on the work of Castelnuovo et al. (2023). In particular, we aim to contribute to the current debate by addressing primarily supportive interventions in the clinical setting, focusing on: (1) defining the supportive intervention among the typical acts of the psychologist; (2) adopting a methodological criterion to distinguish between supportive intervention as a psychological-clinical act and psychotherapeutic intervention; and (3) articulating of the discourse in relation to the adoption of narrative methods in clinical intervention. In particular, in this work we argue that supportive interventions are adopted in critical situations, where dysregulation of psychological functioning processes is assumed, and they use the narrative device by promoting a connection between mental states and an articulation of affects in shared meanings. Instead, psychotherapeutic interventions are adopted in conditions of distress and/or psychopathology and use the narrative device in light of an inverse trajectory of sense, that leads from behaviors and representations to the understanding and transformation of the affective matrix of experience. Thus, supportive intervention may be defined as a process in which the clinical relationship serves as scaffolding for psychic functions in the direction of their development and integration.

Nowadays there is an increasing use of the digital setting in various fields, including psychology and pedagogy. Author's purpose is to explore different forms of digital setting applications, describing their possibility of usage and eventually their limitations.  First of all, the authors are going to define the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the possibility of using it in clinical settings.  Then, the authors will proceed to describe the application of Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality both in assessment and in prevention of cognitive function decline.  The application of digital settings for treatment in the field of mental health will also be discussed, both for adult people and for young people; in addition, the ethical issues, in particular for e-therapies, will be debated. Lastly, another way of application of digital setting is for access to education; for this reason, the authors will explain the teaching approaches that use the virtual.