RISULTATI RICERCA

Il saggio riprende ed esamina il concetto di scuola democratica nel suo significato pedagogico e politico, e nel suo rapporto genetico con la Costituzione della Repubblica italiana. Ne riafferma il compito emancipativo, pensato per evitare che la scuola riproduca o generi le diseguaglianze cristallizzando i rapporti sociali dati. Al contrario, essa dovrebbe operare al fine di sottrarre ciascuno ad ogni forma di predestinazione sociale. La scuola democratica, per questa sua natura, ha avuto nemici storici riconducibili ai settori più conservatori del panorama politico e istituzionale, ma deve fronteggiare oggi nuovi oppositori. Questi vanno ricercati ancora una volta nei nemici della democrazia come luogo del pluralismo e del dis- senso. È dedicata particolare attenzione agli effetti sul mondo scolastico dell’egemonia neo- liberista e della generalizzazione del principio del mercato, della competizione, della con- correnza, ad ogni settore della prassi sociale, scuola inclusa. Un nuovo lessico, una nuova pedagogia insiste sul mondo della scuola. Essa va resa visibile attraverso la critica dell’esistente a partire proprio dal nuovo ordine del discorso che disciplina le parole, i pensieri, le pratiche della scuola oggi. La traduzione come esercizio di smascheramento è pro- posta come antidoto alla subalternità concettuale.

This paper provides a historical review of the two main debates around Sen’s liberalism between the Seventies and the Nineties since his "The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal2 (1970). The first debat was published in the Journal of Political Economy and included several contributions, such as those of Hillinger and Lapham (1971), Sen’s reply to Hillinger and Lapham (1971) and Ng (1971). The second de- bate appeared in Analyse & Kritik and includes the contributions of Buchanan (1996), and Mueller (1996), along with Sen’s reply (1996). This analysis is histori- cally relevant because it offers the opportunity to explore both the evolution of the main critiques on: Sen’s liberalism and Sen’s replies within these 25 years. The most important observation of this paper is that these different perspectives, elaborated in different historical moments, reached the same conclusion, namely that Sen’s liber- alism is rather "illiberal".

The paper reconstructs the debates in the USA about economic theorizing and policymaking advisory concerning a multi-layered system of governments. Beyond apparent similarities, it highlights the ontological divides between Ostrom-Tiebout- Warren on polycentric governance and Buchanan on competitive federalism on the one side, and Musgrave’s and Olson’s fiscal federalism. It further underlines how such divides - concerning the relative role of individuals, markets, collective author- ities, and social order - echoed similar debates in Europe related to a multi-layered economic system, again depending mostly on different ontological assumptions.

This paper surveys Vicarelli’s economic policy proposals. We begin by offering brief contextual sketches and later examine the flaws in the "neoclassical synthesis" approach in accounting for stagflation. By first recognizing the inadequacy of the traditional approach at the heuristic-interpretative level, we then recall the policy proposals suggested by Vicarelli in order to foster the accumulation process. As will be pointed out, these were useful tools in restoring and enhancing the state of confi- dence as well as the marginal efficiency of capital. We conclude that Vicarelli leans towards a sort of "return to Keynes" in considering institutional engineering solu- tions in the context of a monetary production economy, whose functioning is af- fected by complex interaction mechanisms and systemic uncertainty.

The recent ‘big tech and antitrust’ discourse in the U.S. and abroad is primarily dominated by references to Louis D. Brandeis and the so-called New Brandeis move- ment, also known as ‘hipster antitrust.’ While it is laudable that many researchers - and politicians - acknowledge and recognize the work of Brandeis, it is also a missed opportunity to refer to him en passant and not investigate his socio-political philos- ophy in more depth. This paper attempts to fill this gap in the academic literature and evaluate Brandeis’ achievements and (theoretical) shortcomings from a history of economic and legal thought perspective. It does so by taking a closer look at the life and work of Brandeis and analyzing his socio-economic and legal philosophy. Furthermore, the paper addresses the question of which lessons can be drawn from his work and how it could inspire today’s political discourse(s).

This article aims to establish if the rural labor market of the Department of Córdoba holds structural problems that encourage members of the rural labor force to search for other work alternatives in the urban area, by identifying factors related to supply conditions, such as human capital, age, home location area [dominion], gender, and others that affect the choice of the kind of work. A multinomial Logit econometric model was estimated to achieve this purpose, using statistical information from the Great Integrated Household Survey (GIHS) carried out by DANE from the third quarter of 2019, whereby the employment choice of men and women in rural and urban areas was analyzed among four categories, i.e. low manual (1), high manual (2), low non-manual (3), and high non-manual (4). Results reveal that the estimated model shows a good fit and that the education, gender, and domain variables are statistically significant with confidence levels greater than 95%. Similarly, figures of the marginal effects, which reveal changes in probabilities of choosing one job or another, may be evidence of the little consolidation that the rural labor market has to motivate its inhabitants to choose countryside activities, allowing to conclude that the migration phenomenon from the countryside to the city is largely explained by the search for better jobs, thus revealing the structural problems of the rural labor market in the Cordoba Department.

This work seeks to diagnose the business perspective of the department of Atlántico presenting general strength and weaknesses of companies to undertake circular economy policies; it seeks to know the actions for the circular economy of companies in each sector, the waste generated, resources used and the management systems or methodologies implemented. The results show that minimize waste by recycling or reusing it, in addition of replan and minimize the water consumption are the main actions to implement circular activities; more than a third of companies have at least one quality, security, save or environment management system that circularized its processes a bit; but they do not achieve an economic, social and environmental positive impact. For this reason, these actions need to become in a holistic structure with systematization of practices, focusing on single innovation stages and involving their stakeholders. Besides, in addition of barriers reported by previous studies, the lack of expertise and complex administrative legal procedures are specific gaps for Atlántico Industry applying circular economy processes that should be considered in the model used to implement it. Finally, this work serves as the basis for a future pilot project where the level of success and acceptance of various circular economy methodologies that will be implemented in previously selected companies is compared. In this way, build a relevant method to achieve the culture and capabilities of the industries of the department of Atlántico in order to achieve economic, social and environmental innovation by applying the concept of circular economy.

The claim for food increases with the waste caused by its production. Rice is appetized but the agro-industrial residue, such as straw and husk, becomes a problem when they’re not properly managed. However, renewable source demands grew, indeed, the chains of rice residue as cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, carbon, and silica could be transformed into: fuel, power generation, gas production, paper manufactory, and fertilizer for the production of fungi and building material.The industrial implementation of rice residue management worldwide has a lack. In this case, it was observed more closely the rice cultivation in a local region of Colombia. The aim of this research was to present the current market, challenges and the proposal of a proper management residue on a circular economy incorporated into Córdoba department rice market.The study was conducted through scientific and comprehensive insights on rice crop waste management options. The selection criteria of the articles were rice production, major components of rice paddy, straw, and husks, and waste disposal in rice systems. Farmers, researchers, federations, administration, and management, need to work on, improving the nutrients of the soil, the quality of the crop, and the management of the residue, the one that remains in the mills and the one that remains in the fields. Finally, in all processes, the required investment to obtain a product that meets current market requirements on renewable fuels or raw materials.

Tropical hydrographic basins have undergone significant land use change processes in recent decades and correspond to areas of high population growth and development of economic activities. This article explores the causes of land use change in a tropical dry forest watershed, taking the Canalete river basin as a case study. For this purpose, stakeholder analysis techniques and participatory methods were applied. The results showed that the main causes of land use change in pastures were associated with biophysical factors, while forestsshrubs and crops were associated with direct and subyacents socioeconomics factors respectively. The participatory mapping allowed obtaining a desired land use scenario for the year 2030, observing a decrease of more than 16.2 ha of pasture, compensated by an increase of almost 2.4 thousand ha of crops and 13.8 thousand ha of forests and shrubs. Similarly, the hydrological impact of changes in land use was observed, especially in terms of flooding.

Floods affect households, crops, and assets, especially in rural areas in Colombia; due to the lack of risk management plans, settlements without core services and land use planning, atypical natural phenomena, and climate change. The floods recorded since 1964, in the rural community of Rio Nuevo in the department of Córdoba, but there is a lack of estimates of the economic losses and housing vulnerability. The research aim was to determine the degree of physical vulnerability and estimated economic losses in crops and goods due to flooding in the local community of Río Nuevo, Valencia Town. The methodological guide for the elaboration of departmental plans for risk management (known in Spanish as PDGR),  and the methodology for the economic valuation of potential direct tangible damages, was selected the variables (age, construction, regulations, soil, walls, floors, goods, and crops), questions, surveys to population, available data, proceed to process the information, elaborate maps and analyze. The results reveal physical vulnerability high in Rio Nuevo, with a value of 0.63 on a scale of 0 to 1. The rural community houses built located at a distance of fewer than 30 meters, mainly with wood, the soil of alluvial deposits, faced floods, humidity damages, hardening resistance, and non-quality life. The economic losses estimated between goods and crops were US$174200.22. A poverty condition, poor infrastructure, and unfavorable places, hamper improve the quality of the people. Colombian government need to excecute a proper infrastructure investment to reduce persistence vulnerability and relocated this riverside area, according to its culture and traditions, and protect the economy around crops

The subregion of La Mojana is a national geostrategic region. It includes the basins of the rivers Magdalena, Cauca, and San Jorge. This location has abundant wetlands, zapales (particular marshes from the region), and swamps where there are cyclical floodings and droughts. This region is also considered to be a great reservoir of freshwater, very rich in biodiversity and a place with productive wetlands. It is considered a food reservoir, and despite its cattle-raising tradition, 20% of the rice consumed in Colombia is cultivated here. In addition, it consists of water and land ecosystems that stimulate an agricultural, cattle raising and fishery base: productive fields which generate 90% of the economic productivity of the area.Between 2021 and 2022, frequent and historical floodings affected 24253 acres of agricultural land, especially the 9633.2 acres of rice crops. There has also been registered some damage to other production units such as corn (645.2 acres), plantain (194.5 acres), cows (6757), pigs (6083), horses (603), poultry (40287), and more than 550000 fish. According to the Register of Victims (Registro Único de Damnificados, in Spanish), no less than 45000 people were affected by the winter wave in 2021.In order to achieve the objectives stated in this article, three phases will be developed: the first one involves the construction of the conceptual framework, explaining the nature of the community water resilience category and the pre-identification of the categories and dimensions that are going to be used in the construction of the indicators. In the second phase, a methodological description is established. Finally, in the third phase, an estimation of the qualitative indicators is formulated.The results will help decision makers to generate projects that minimize the damages caused by the flooding.

This research examines the socioecological practices of rural communities as an epistemological foundation to configure community resilience strategies and face socio-environmental conflicts due to limited access to water, loss of biodiversity and ancestral knowledge. To meet this objective, a qualitative approach was used with a non-experimental transectional research design of exploratory type with a case study method in the Association of Producers for Community Development of the Cienaga del Bajo Sinú-ASPROCIG, Colombia. As a main result, it is argued that the rural communities of the lower Sinú organized in associations carry out self-management models that promote the articulation of social and ecological systems, socio-environmental sustainability and make an adequate management of use and access to ecosystem services.

The objective of this paper is to estimate the effect of Contract Farming (CF) on the efficiency of broiler farmers in Indonesia. We used comprehensive socio-economic data of 438 broiler farmers in Indonesia. To achieve this objective we used causal-comparative research (CCR) design. Stochastic frontier production (SFP) employed to estimate farm efficiency. Then, the effect of CF on farm efficiency was estimated using propensity score matching (PSM). The results showed that the average technical efficiency of broiler farmers is 74.22%.  Participation in CF increases TE by 7.4% and chick productivity by 12.5%. A policy that promotes farmer participation in CF is likely to improve the efficiency of broiler farmers since it is associated with improved input use intensity.

This study provides an explorative analysis of the potential appreciation manifested by 312 Italian consumers for functional confectionery products, obtained from high-amylose soft wheat flours (high-amylose confectionery products, HACPs). An online questionnaire was administered in 2021, which assessed respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price for HACPs with respect to non-functional confectionery products. Detailed information about respondents and their families was collected and put in relation with the willingness, or not, to pay a premium price for HACPs through a Binary Logit model. Two thirds of respondents were willing to pay a premium price for HACPs, that stood at +12.3%. Analysis of the results of the Binary Logit model led to highlight that respondents’ WTP for HACPs is positively influenced by age, level of family income, satisfaction with the latter during the COVID-19 pandemic, habit to purchase food products on e-commerce channels, adoption of healthy eating styles and belief that functional foods can contribute to improve well-being. At the opposite, respondents’ WTP is negatively influenced by family size, presence of dependent members and, interestingly, habit to practice physical activity with high frequency. Based on these findings, useful insights also in support of confectionery industry and commercial distribution are finally reported.

Considerando i processi di territorializzazione come un intreccio di aspetti materiali e simbolici, l’articolo discute in che modo la Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne abbia avviato una nuova stagione di discorso e intervento su questi territori. A partire dal concetto foucaultiano di discorso, l’articolo analizza le linee guida della Strategia discutendo come questi territori vengano risignificati tra una certa visione di perifericità – o remoteness – e di attrattività turistica. Infine, si considerano i discorsi di alcuni Sindaci delle aree interne – in parte raccolti sul campo, nell’area interna Sicani in Sicilia – per comprendere come si relazionino con l’immaginario codificato dalla Strategia.

Il presente articolo ha come oggetto una nuova politica olandese volta ad avviare, tra il 2019 e il 2022, un sistema nazionale di ‘accoglienza’ per persone prive di documenti nelle principali città olandesi. Da un punto di vista teorico, il contributo guarda agli studi critici sulle migrazioni, in particolare al dibattito sull’irregolarità e le politiche migratorie nazionali e urbane. Il lavoro, che si basa su una ricerca empirica svolta dal 2019 al 2020, esplora il sistema olandese mettendone in luce la logica di fondo e alcune contraddizioni insite nella sua governance giocata tra diverse scale territoriali. Il caso studio permette di ripensare a come le politiche rivolte alle persone ‘irregolari’ siano prodotte, contrattate e trasformate tra scale di governance differenti.