RISULTATI RICERCA

This article examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing the digitalization of higher education. Through content analysis, the study explores the experiences of Singapore, Japan, and South Korea to assess their applicability in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article presents an overview of NGOs and a comparative analysis of the role of NGOs in the digitalization of higher education across countries. The findings suggest that NGOs can significantly contribute to the digitalization of higher education by leveraging tools such as grant funding, staff training programs, and research project implementation. Additionally, the article provides recommendations for enhancing the digitalization of education in Kazakhstan with active NGO participation.

Re-socialization of convicts is critical for social sustainability, ensuring their successful reintegration into society and reducing recidivism, which aligns with SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). The aim of the paper is to evaluate how information technologies (IT) and forensic psychological examinations can enhance re-socialization through individual behavior forecasting. An observational study analyzed psychological and social factors in convicts using mathematical and statistical methods to reduce subjectivity. Tools included Cattell’s 16PF questionnaire, Kotlyakov’s life meanings methodology, and Chirkina’s criminogenic factors questionnaire. A SWOT analysis assessed the feasibility of microchipping technology. Psychological diagnostics and IT, including microchipping, enable the creation of a recidivist profile, identifying risk factors (e.g., low emotional stability increases recidivism risk by 83%). IT reduced behavioral violations by 15% in pilot programs. Combining forensic psychological examinations with IT, such as microchipping, enhances re-socialization by predicting recidivism risks, but ethical and legal frameworks are needed. This approach promotes social inclusion and sustainability.

Sentencing probation in Kazakhstan, aimed at reintegrating convicts into society, faces challenges such as recidivism and evasion, undermining social sustainability. Forensic psychological examinations can address these issues by assessing convicts’ behavior and risks. The aim is to select methods of forensic psychological examination, specifically the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), to enhance sentencing probation, reduce recidivism, and promote sustainable social reintegration in Kazakhstan. An observational study is utilized PAI, a multiscale questionnaire assessing psychopathology, stress coping, interpersonal relationships, and forensic constructs like aggression and substance abuse. Results were interpreted to develop individualized probation recommendations. Results evidence the absence of legislated psychological assessment methods in Kazakhstan necessitates tools like PAI, which is time-efficient (344 items, 40-50 minutes) and assesses key constructs: alcohol and substance abuse, aggression, recidivism risk, simulation, and positive impression management. The aggression scale consistently predicts violent behavior, supporting targeted interventions. In conclusion, integrating PAI into probation control enhances social reintegration, reduces recidivism, and aligns with sustainable development goals (SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Legislative adoption of PAI is recommended to standardize forensic psychological assessments.

Illegal mining and processing of precious metals in Kazakhstan cause significant environmental, social, and economic harm, undermining social sustainability by threatening community safety and ecological stability. The aim of the paper is to explore the application of information technology (IT) and forensic examinations in combating illegal mining and processing of precious metals, enhancing social and environmental sustainability. A dialectical approach was employed, using general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and specialized methods (comparative-legal, formal-logical, statistical analysis). Data from 64 annual cases of illegal mining (2017-2022) were analyzed, alongside IT tools and forensic methodologies. IT solutions, such as video surveillance and UAVs with thermal imaging, reduced illegal mining incidents by 18% from 2020 to 2021. Forensic examinations, including gemological and chemical analyses, improved crime detection by identifying metal origins and enabling prosecution. Integrating IT and forensic examinations enhances law enforcement efforts, reduces environmental damage, and promotes social sustainability by protecting communities and aligning with SDG 15 and 16. Legislative improvements are recommended to legalize artisanal mining and control gold sales.

This study investigates the application of artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning-based image processing techniques, for the detection of grapevine diseases in agricultural settings. Leveraging a publicly available dataset from Kaggle, the project focuses on classifying grape leaves as either healthy or affected by one of three common diseases: Black Rot, Esca (Black Measles), and Leaf Blight. Three machine learning models were developed and evaluated: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and Transfer Learning. Each model was trained and tested using the same dataset to ensure a fair comparison. Among the models, the CNN achieved an accuracy of 97.40%, while the DNN model showed significantly lower performance at 31.41%. Transfer Learning outperformed the others, reaching a peak accuracy of 98.84%. The results underscore the potential of deep learning, particularly transfer learning, in automating disease identification processes in viticulture. Such AI-driven systems can enhance precision agriculture by enabling early detection and prompt intervention, ultimately contributing to improved crop yield and quality.

The 21st century has witnessed remarkable economic growth and the establishment of an information-driven society, which resulted in the widespread usage of intellectual property in economic activities. Since consumer preferences are not influenced solely by product quality itself and the reputation of the entities also has an impact, the development of a distinctive trademark has become an essential element of the foundation and sustenance of a business. As Ukraine is trying to strengthen ties with the European Union, a thorough analysis of its trademark protection laws in comparison with the European Union is reasonable. Hence, the research objectives include an in-depth examination of Ukraine's trademark protection laws, identification of deficiencies in national regulations, and the recommendation of legislative enhancements to harmonize it with EU legal standards. To achieve the specified objectives, the study employs a range of methodologies, including dialectical, analytical, formal-dogmatic, comparative, and prognostic approaches. As a result of the investigation, several flaws in Ukraine's trademark protection laws were revealed. The flaws include imprecise terminology, ambiguity regarding the functional purposes of trademarks, insufficient safeguarding of non-traditional trademarks, limitations on trademark rights, and an outdated proprietary concept. Furthermore, there are no provisions for collective trademark rights or criterion-based trademark definitions that violate public order or universally accepted moral principles. The identified flaws underscore the urgent necessity for a comprehensive reform of Ukraine's trademark protection legislation.

The article highlights one of the pressing challenges facing humanity: issues related to the fuel and energy sector. It underscores that the fuel and energy dilemma is a catalyst for numerous other problems, including environmental damage, air pollution, and the deterioration of soil quality, among others. The importance of addressing these concerns is emphasized. The article also identifies three key factors influencing the economic structure of most countries: natural and economic advantages, historically established specialization, and the level of scientific, technological, and technical progress. Oil plays a pivotal role in Azerbaijan’s economy, primarily due to the country’s natural and economic advantages in this sector. As a result, the oil industry is significantly developed within Azerbaijan’s economy. In this context, the article calculates the oil multiplier and elasticity coefficient, offering scientifically substantiated results.

This article deals with working conditions and non-discrimination of the staff who work in exchange for remuneration for caring for another person. This work is structured in two main sections: the realities faced by workers in the care sector in their working conditions, or in the suffering of discrimination, on the one hand; and the regulatory advances that are taking place in Spain to cover situations of lack of labour protection, that in some areas of work such as the family home sector were historically occurring, on the other hand.

Il saggio evidenzia alcune delle principali criticità della regolazione del lavoro domestico di cura, inteso come il lavoro di assistenza alla persona non autosufficiente, prestato in ambito famigliare alle dipendenze di un datore di lavoro domestico. In particolare, l’Autrice si sofferma su alcuni profili della disciplina dell’assistente famigliare, la cui peculiare complessità è emersa nel corso del progetto CARE4CARE – We Care for Those Who Care, ovvero l’obbligo di sicurezza e la disciplina dell’orario di lavoro, anche alla luce della recente giurisprudenza interna e unionale. Si conclude con alcune considerazioni in merito alle norme sul recesso, sostenendo che vi sia la necessità di un complessivo ripensamento della disciplina.

Il saggio analizza due dimensioni peculiari del lavoro domestico di cura prestato dalle assistenti familiari: l’irregolarità e lo sfruttamento. Dopo aver richiamato i principali dati sul lavoro domestico in Italia, da un lato, muovendo dal modo in cui il welfare state approccia la cura delle persone non autosufficienti, si ricostruiscono le cause, le conseguenze e i possibili rimedi alla diffusa irregolarità che caratterizza il settore; dall’altro, si approfondiscono i fenomeni di sfruttamento lavorativo dei quali sono spesso vittime le assistenti familiari, evidenziando in modo particolare i limiti derivanti dall’applicazione dell’art. 603-bis c.p.

Il contributo analizza lo sviluppo della nozione di care sector nell’ordinamento dell’Unione europea, evidenziandone la crescente rilevanza per la coesione sociale, la parità di genere, lo sviluppo economico e l’innovazione del welfare. Attraverso un approccio combinato – analisi top-down delle fonti giuridiche (1998-2025) e indagine bottom-up sul dialogo sociale europeo – il saggio evidenzia l’emersione di una concezione funzionale e integrata del care sector, priva tuttavia di una definizione giuridica uniforme e vincolante. L’analisi dei meccanismi di dialogo sociale settoriale rivela una frammentazione strutturale, che ostacola una rappresentanza coerente. Il saggio riflette, infine, sugli interventi normativi per il pieno riconoscimento giuridico e la riforma della governance europea del settore.

Il saggio introduce l’itinerario di ricerca sul tema del lavoro di cura remunerato, presentando la ricerca condotta nell’ambito del progetto CARE4CARE – We Care for Those Who Care finanziato dalla Commissione europea nell’ambito del Programma Horizon Europe. Muovendo dalla ricostruzione del dibattito filosofico e sociologico sotteso alla ricerca, l’Autrice inquadra il lavoro di cura remunerato nel quadro delle politiche sociali europee e mette in evidenza il contributo della ricerca per il miglioramento delle condizioni dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici del settore.

Il presente lavoro nasce dall’impegno dell’autrice nell’ambito delle azioni di contrasto alle discriminazioni connesse all’identità sessuale, svolto all’interno della Sezione Anti-Discriminazione e Cultura delle Differenze del Centro di Ateneo SInAPSi-Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Nello specifico verrà approfondito il fenomeno socio-culturale della Ball Culture che offre molteplici spunti per un’analisi sistemica e familiare di peculiari configurazioni, dette Houses: nuclei familiari alternativi che rappresentano per la comunità queer uno spazio sicuro in cui sviluppare senso di appartenenza e protezione.

Il neglect consiste nella mancata disponibilità fisica ed emotiva delle figure di accudimento e può esitare nello sviluppo di diverse manifestazioni di disagio psichico. Il presente lavoro mira ad approfondire i meccanismi relazionali che sottendono il funzionamento del neglect utilizzando le teorizzazioni offerte dal vasto ambito di studi dell’Infant Research e del modello relazionale sistemico. Il concetto di lealtà proposto da Boszormenyi-Nagy, assieme a quello di gerarchia generazionale formulato da Minuchin, fungeranno poi da lenti interpretative nella descrizione di un caso clinico caratterizzato dalla presenza di neglect genitoriale.

Un tempo, che ormai sembra lontano, la terapia familiare si espletava su alcuni presupposti determinati dall’assetto sociale vigente: il sistema coppia formata da un uomo e una donna, il sistema figli, il sistema trigenerazionale con le famiglie di origine della coppia. Negli ultimi decenni l’osservazione dei legami familiari ci apre a uno spaccato estremamente variegato: coppie senza figli, famiglie mononucleari, famiglie allargate, famiglie omogenitoriali, famiglie arcobaleno, famiglie formate da coppie genitoriali di etnie, cultura e religione diverse. A questi cambiamenti degli assetti di coppia e familiari, determinati dall’evoluzione del contesto storico/culturale, necessariamente la psicoterapia di coppia e familiare deve adeguare le sue strategie di intervento soprattutto nella valutazione dei “cicli di vita” e negli assetti dei sottosistemi familiari.