RISULTATI RICERCA

The article will focus on the mutagenesis programme in agriculture implemented by the Italian Atomic Energy Commission, starting from 1955, through the establishment of a specific technological and experimental system: the so-called “gamma field”, a piece of agricultural land with a radioisotope of Cobalt-60 at the centre. The Cobalt-60 would emit constant radiation, which would bombard the specimens planted in concentric circles around the source, inducing genetic mutations. The Italian gamma field went into operation in January 1960 at the Casaccia Laboratory, about twenty miles north of Rome, with a radiation device made available by the US Government for the Atoms for Peace programme This article will analyse, first of all, how the American experimental model of mutation breeding was translated into the Italian context, becoming instrumental for the establishment of plant genetics within the local academic system; secondly, it will describe how the sociotechnical imaginary embodied by the gamma field was part and parcel of this process of disciplinebuilding and scientific demarcation.

Cesare Pavese famously defined the 1930s as “the decade of translations”, perfectly grasping the spirit of his times. What is less known is that the protagonists of this massive cultural mediation were predominantly women. Available sources, in fact, clearly show that women dominated the translation business. Their job entailed a flexible task, which was easily carried out (and hidden) in the privacy of the home, and mostly supplementary to the author’s work. Interestingly, though, for a great number of women this “appropriate” job meant getting involved in the public sphere and acquiring a certain degree of emancipation and freedom. This is what happened, for example, when they selected books to translate and proposed them to publishers. When, in 1938, Ada Gobetti translated one of the benchmarks of American black feminism, Z.N. Hurston’s Their eyes were watching God, it was certainly not just a literary project. Who were the women who bravely engaged in the “decade of translations”? Did this process of cultural exchange and mediation affect their practices, lifestyles and mentalities? This article examines the private archive of translator Alessandra Scalero, an emblematic case study of the ‘gender transformations’ that affected the translation industry between the two world wars

The First World War unsettled not just the geopolitical arrangement of a large part of Europe, but also previously held gender roles and family relations. With the conflict’s end, the bordering cities of Fiume and Susak went through a long transition characterised by administrative instability and economic uncertainty, as well as by political and national tensions, before being integrated into the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, respectively. Drawing on available sources in both Italian and Croatian, this article analyses the case study of a border area in order to investigate women’s presence in the public sphere, considering both their political participation - to the extent this was allowed by the different forms of suffrage - and their associationism within political and philanthropic organisations. Moreover, in order to trace the reactions triggered by women’s activism, the article examines gender representations in the local press, which was mostly linked to the main conflicting political factions and dominated by male journalists.

In 1949, a mere four years after Italy was liberated from Fascism, a small group of intellectuals, politicians and historians decided to establish a historical institute in Milan, which celebrated its seventieth anniversary only very recently. They called it ‘Istituto nazionale per la storia del Movimento di Liberazione in Italia’ (National Institute for the history of the Liberation Movement in Italy). Its founder and first president was Ferruccio Parri, the democrat and republican leader of the Action Party, who - among others - had animated the ‘Comitato di Liberazione nazionale Alta Italia’ (Committee of National Liberation for Northern Italy). Parri was one of the leaders of the Italian Resistance against Fascism, as well as the Prime minister of the first government born after Italy’s Liberation (25 April 1945).

It comes as no surprise that a historical institute of the calibre of the Istituto nazionale Ferruccio Parri, which manages a network of 66 local institutes, publishes its own journal. What is less predictable is the fact that, over the years, this journal - ‘Italia contemporanea’ - has managed to become a point of reference within the scholarly debate in Italy, and now hopefully also abroad as we are about to launch this English-language ‘Yearbook’.

Introduzione. L’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (OMS) definisce la Comorbilità o Doppia Diagnosi come la coesistenza nel medesimo individuo di un disturbo dovuto al consumo di sostanze psicoattive ed un altro disturbo psichiatrico (OMS, 1995). Per quanto piuttosto criticata tale definizione consente di individuare una popolazione di pazienti le cui caratteristiche psicopatologiche appaiono peculiari e molto spesso di difficile ed non univoca interpretazione diagnostica; da tali difficoltà discendono frequentemente diatribe ideologico culturali e reali difficoltà di intervento terapeutico che mantengono queste persone in una condizione di equilibrio precario con elevati costi in termini sanitari e di mancata produttività lavorativa. In letteratura sono presenti numerosi lavori che cercano di coniugare ipotesi etiopatogenetiche di area psichiatrica con vie neurotrasmettitoriali più tipicamente associate al mondo delle dipendenze patologiche, delineando una specifica cultura psicopatologica che cerchi di dare risposte a quesiti diagnostici di difficile soluzione. Tra i vari modelli che cercano di chiarire le associazioni etiopatogenetiche comuni a dipendenze ed altri disturbi mentali quello che forse appare più completo è l’ipotesi della “disregolazione omeostatica edonica” (la disedonia), correlato fenomenologico delle dipendenze e della malattia mentale che allo stesso momento spiegherebbe la maggiore frequenza di dipendenza nei soggetti con spettro bipolare (inteso anche come tratto temperamentale) come anche del discontrollo degli impulsi o dell’incapacità a prevedere le conseguenze dei propri agiti. In questo solco si inserisce il nostro studio con l’intento di fornire un contributo alla creazione di un linguaggio neurocomportamentale specifico per il mondo delle dipendenze.   Scopo e Metodi End point primario del nostro studio è quello di identificare attraverso la frequenza nel SCL-90R, di specifiche dimensioni sintomatologiche attribuibili a specifiche popolazioni di pazienti. In seconda istanza abbiamo indagato l’eventuale esistenza di caratteristiche psicopatologiche comuni tra pazienti con patologia di spettro bipolare e dipendenza; in ultimo abbiamo valutato l'impatto della doppia diagnosi sul funzionamento globale dell'individuo. Abbiamo arruolato tre coorti di pazienti: soggetti eroinomani senza altra psicopatologia, eroinomani con disturbo bipolare, soggetti affetti da disturbo bipolare senza dipendenza, tutti provenienti dai Ser.D e DSM della provincia di (…...) La diagnosi è stata formulata attraverso il criterio dell’osservazione clinica, supportata da strumenti psicodiagnostici (MMPI-1, SCID 2) ed esami laboratoristici (esami tossicologici urinari). Le dimensioni sintomatologiche prevalenti sono state indagate con la SCL 90R.   Risultati Non sono emersi dati significativi relativi ad una specifica dimensione psicopatologica per i soggetti affetti da Disturbo da uso di sostanze. Tra le sottoscale del SCL-90, l'ANX è la dimensione comune rilevata tra eroinomani bipolari (doppia diagnosi) e bipolari. Nel confronto tra i tre gruppi (eroinomani senza comorbilità, eroinomani bipolari, bipolari) valutati globalmente, il gruppo meno disfunzionale è risultato quello degli eroinomani. La ridotta estensione dei campioni esaminati non ci permette di pervenire a risultati definitivi richiedendo ulteriori studi in tal senso.

Background Hepatitis C is a disease correlated with severe systemic consequences having elevated social and health costs. The HCV elimination is a public health concern that may be solved reaching DAAs treatment for drug users. The principal aim of this work is to evaluate the cost-benefit of a point of care for HCV treatment of drug users inside Drug abuse services (Ser.D.). Methods The study consists in a cost-benefit analysis able to evaluate the “return of health” induced by a point of care for a HCV treatment. Results The work shows that the point of care is cost-benefit in comparison with the “traditional” treatment being cost saving for the public health system. The data suggest that the cost of the point of care is corresponding to euros 593,40 while the cost of not treatment of euros 8.679,60 (due to the direct and indirect costs of the disease). Conclusions The study demonstrate the point of care is an effective model of care able to reduce the barriers of treatment and to induce a “health return” in term of cost saving for the public health systems. Indeed, the work shows how the point of care may make the elimination HCV plans sustainable for the public health agencies.

The study focuses on the characteristics of the Generation Z – that is, young people born from 2000 to today. These are digital natives, who own various devices and use them for several hours per day. Social communication is fast, iconic, changeable. Social media are used not only to exchange content, but also to structure emotional relationships and to abreact tensions and emotions. These young people were born into mononuclear families. They no longer recognize the normative authority of the father and family of origin. They are much more susceptible to social influences. The peer group is chosen to confer identity, as a vehicle for experiencing. Experience, multiple, often extreme or dangerous, is the main tool for growth, having supplanted learning by means of legislation and symbolism. These guys are notoriously distant from the current Public Addiction Services. They perceive them as old and inadequate. They don’t represent themselves as addicts, they don’t understand why they should be healed, or what they should be healed from. Furthermore, they perceive the current operators, with their specialist training, as useless to their hunger for experience. As a result of these anthropological and technological changes, the Author puts forward a series of reflections on the changes to be made in the Addiction Services – in order to become attractive for these young abusers – and gives as an example the Youth Services programmed in the Addiction Department Pathologies of the Napoli2Nord ASL, from the Z. House to the Ser.D. Web.

The Covid-19 emergency in prisons is a public health warming due to overcrowding, poor structural conditions,and life promiscuities.Worldwide a lot of prisoners were Sars-CoV-2 positive and in Italy several outbreaks occurred in many prisons.This paper examines, using a clinical audit, a Covid-19 outbreak occurred in an Italian prison during the spring2021.The study showed that the best measures to mitigate the outbreak negative consequences both in prisoners andin the staff are the preventive actions, the hygiene and disinfection of the common detention areas; the reductionof overcrowding; the stop of the working activities during the quarantine period.Only an improvement of living conditions inside the prisons may reduce the risk of infection among inmates.

What does the hunting of our ancestors, armed with spears and aimed to get food, have in common with the “high tech” one practiced today for recreational purposes? Both depend on deep motivations, which Neurosciences show related to archaic brain circuits that provide thevital thrists to survival. Substances, or behaviors without biological utility, can “hook” these basic emotional circuits and lead to the attribution of new values, so that the assumption of the substance or the repetition of the behavior will becomevital, thus developing an addiction. Among them hunting, where small birds and many mammals, feeling emotions similar to ours, are shot according to what appears to be a compulsive behaviour and which could benefit from appropriate specialized therapies.

A subject which is often not given the importance it deserves concerns addiction psychotherapy. Starting from taking into account the complex and problematic characteristics of this peculiar psychopathology, there will be an effort to trace back the fundamental canon of the healing process to supportive treatment. Later on, expanding on the subject, we will take into account the possibility of a phenomenologically oriented treatment, and include it into the number of those psychotherapies which are better suited to respond to the typical aspects of these clinical conditions.

“Raccontiamo un’altra storia” is the name of a group formed within the penal institute by people motivated to carry out introspective work. This work aimed to stimulate people present to experience and tell their stories from a different point of view. This group explored the integration of different therapeutic techniques such as music therapy, collaborative use of the TEMAS test and analytical psychodrama. At the end of their journey, the group was capable of narrate a “slightly” different personal story from the one they had always told themselves. This has therefore become the moment when their history became a glance of perspectives.