RISULTATI RICERCA

Governance systems all over the world are coming under huge stress. Nowadays, two factors become crucial in the fight against the pandemic and its negative consequences: the state’s ability to withstand stress in the economy and society; and civil support and approval of the governments’ anti-crisis actions. This study aims to recognize the difference in stress response in different countries of the world. As a criterion for such a response, we consider the level of trust to governments in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Fragile States Index was used as a measure of the state fragility, and the indices of trust were used as indicators of the people’s reaction. The study showed that there is no correlation between 1) the trust in the government and the fragility of the state; 2) the support for government actions during the pandemic and the trust to the government before the pandemic. The clustering of countries by the set of indices of trust and fragility showed that the clusters’ means support both the assumptions of a direct and an inverse relationship between trust and state resistance to stress. In response to quarantine measures, we see multidirectional trends in both stable and fragile states: trust can grow, fall, or remain unchanged. However, in stronger states, the tendency to an increase in trust is stronger, while in weaker states - to its fall, which confirms the thesis that in crisis the weak weakens and the strong strengthens. The results of the analyses provide arguments in favor of the following. The stability of the state does not guarantee the high trust of citizens and support for its actions during a crisis, and high trust is not a stable factor of high support for government actions. At the same time, it can be expected that the positive reaction of citizens to government measures (increased trust) will be more significant than disappointment (loss of trust).

The essay illustrates the results of a university learning experience aimed at verifying the ways in which to manage international student mobility, in order to achieve learning outcomes in the field of multicultural education and radicalization prevention. To obtain this result and to make the acquired learning transferable in the curriculum of the university of origin, we have verified the usefulness of choosing and setting the educational targets within a reference framework consisting of a system of core contents expressed on the basis of the professional knowledge fundamental for their job prospects. The educational actions that characterized the proposed mobility model and the respective components analysed in the essay (pre-mobility, mobility, post-mobility, assessment) are described according to the expected learning outcomes. The results of the experience are also accompanied by elements of evaluation of satisfaction and effectiveness starting from the statements by the students and a Moroccan teacher involved in the planning and implementation of the actions in situ. The mobility covered by the essay was implemented with Al Akhawayn University (AUI, Morocco) as part of the Forward project, and involved students of the Bachelor of Science of Education of the University of Siena

The article presents the results emerged from an annual research-training project (2019-2020), which represented one of the training actions launched within the Forward Ministerial Project, Training, research and development of community based strategies to prevent radicalization and support integration (MIUR ID 85901), of the Department of Education, Human Sciences and Intercultural Communication of the University of Siena. The research-training path involved thirty doctors, nurses and practitioners from the medical and health contexts of the Centre of Italy, who took part in a professional development course. The course aimed at offering participatory settings through active development methodologies and methods for learning from the experience (Marsick, & Neaman, 2018; Fabbri, 2019) useful for validating their practices starting from those situations that they perceive as "critical" and challengers. 30 individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and 5 focus groups. All interviews and focus groups were recorded and transcribed ad verbatim. Each participant was invited to draw up an e-portfolio that included an analysis grid for self-case studies, and reflective narratives. The textual material thus collected was subjected to textual analysis of the content in order to detect the emerging categories. The results of the content analysis and the main elicited reflections are here detailed.

In this paper, I reflect on the various forms of masculinity narrated by young women and men participating in non-mixed workshops in a peripheral evangelical drug treatment center in Mexico City, and how these masculinities are perpetrated by the institutions central to their lives. Through the collective space of the workshops, youths expressed a subjective experience of conflict filled with shame and the feeling of vulnerability, expressions that are differentiated by gender roles: that is, what is considered feminine and masculine and shapes the relationship between men and women. This creates and conditions forms of behaviour (for example, the use of violence and docility); priorities which affects their expectations and dreams - whether the search for status or motherhood; and, access to specific social positions (within or outside the institutions). Youths contrasted the experience of being locked up in a drug treatment center with the liberty they experienced on the street; they described their bodies before and after the treatment and following the institutional discourse, they qualify themselves as "sick" because of their addiction. Yet, their drawings and narratives also express self-construction projects and dreams free of violence, where they describe themselves as being supported by a network of care which includes God, kinship figures, and institutional role models.

Il disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo (DOC) è una condizione fortemente invalidante che tende a manifestarsi con un decorso cronico. Ad oggi, esiste una molteplicità di interventi volti a trattare questo disturbo. La vastità della letteratura e la difficoltà del clinico ad orientarsi in essa ha spinto diversi enti a sviluppare delle linee guida relative al trattamento del DOC. Sebbene lo scopo delle linee guida non sia quello di sancire uno standard della pratica clinica, costituiscono un materiale prezioso in grado di aiutare il clinico e il paziente a prendere decisioni informate. In questo contributo, viene fornito un riassunto delle linee guida sviluppate dal National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence e dall’American PsychiatricAssociation nonché una breve panoramica del processo di sviluppo delle stesse. In seguito, vengono riassunti alcuni lavori di rilievo - rassegne sistematiche e meta-analisi - che hanno a volte guidato il processo di formulazione delle raccomandazioni contenute nelle linee guida illustrate.

L’articolo valuta l’impatto del setting a distanza sulla relazione terapeutica. Gli autori valutano se l’alleanza terapeutica possa variare in funzione dei diversi contesti (on-line e in presenza) e se sia un fattore predittivo del buon esito della terapia anche negli interventi psicologici on-line. Successivamente, viene considerata la dimensione non verbale e corporea nella terapia vis à vis da remoto, definita in questo lavoro come Video Psicoterapia su Internet (VPI), approfondendo il tema della sintonizzazione e co-regolazione della diade, posta ora di fronte a uno schermo. L’articolo inoltre apre alcune riflessioni rispetto all’attenzione e alle rappresentazioni mentali del terapeuta e del paziente nel nuovo setting. L’analisi degli studi condotta dagli autori evidenzia come l’alleanza terapeutica non vari fra il setting on-line e quello in presenza e che nella terapia on-line l’alleanza terapeutica non sia un predittore del buon esito della cura. Gli autori auspicano inoltre un progredire della ricerca empirica per la valutazione dei trattamenti bottom-up nella VPI, tenuto conto dei limiti della dimensione non verbale e corporea in questo setting.

Il disturbo d’ansia sociale (DAS) è uno dei disturbi psicologici più comuni e disabilitanti che, se non trattato, tende a cronicizzarsi provocando danni signifi cativi alla qualità di vita di una persona nonché a comportare ingenti costi sociali.Nonostante l’elevata prevalenza del disturbo, solo il 10% delle persone infatti riceve farmacoterapia e psicoterapia da personale qualifi cato. Esistono infatti diverse barriere per l’accesso al trattamento tra cui la paura della stigmatizzazione e del giudizio negativo e l’aspettativa che altri possano giudicare imbarazzante il proprio comportamento o i propri sintomi fi sici. La natura stessa del disturbo è una delle ragioni principali che impedisce alle persone di chiedere una consulenza professionale. Gli interventi basati sulle nuove tecnologie di comunicazione, che recentemente si stanno facendo strada nel mondo della salute mentale, hanno il vantaggio di poter ovviare a diverse di queste barriere. Infatti, sono stati identificati diversi strumenti che utilizzano le tecnologie informatiche e di telecomunicazione per migliorareattività di prevenzione, diagnosi e terapia.Negli ultimi anni diversi studi ne hanno dimostrato l’effi cacia su una varietà di disturbi tra cui il disturbo d’ansia sociale.Scopo del presente articolo è quello di fornire una revisione narrativa delle risorse presenti ad oggi nel campo delle nuove tecnologie utilizzabili e sfruttabili nel campo della salute mentale e in particolare nel disturbo d’ansia sociale.

A cancer diagnosis during child and adolescent years fundamentally disrupts normal development, and can result in several adverse mental health sequelae. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has proven efficacy in addressing a range of psychological issues relevant to paediatric and adolescent oncology, including depression and different forms of anxiety. However, numerous barriers hinder many patients and families from being able to access specialised clinical psychology services, tailored to the unique psychosocial considerations of paediatric oncology. To address this gap in evidence-based clinical service-provision, our paediatric psycho-oncology research unit has developed several CBT-based interventions tailored to theneeds of children and adolescents with cancer and their families. In this commentary, we provide an overview of our clinical-research program, examining how on-line CBT-based programs are feasible, acceptable, safe, and promising models of support for this patient population. We also examine some of the limitations or pitfalls involved in delivering on-line, CBT-based programs, including how we have navigated the ethical management of challenging, clinically-concerning events within our trials. Finally, we examine several future potential applications to extend the impact of on-line, CBT-based interventions to several other currently unmet needs in paediatric oncology. Drawing from several of our CBT-aligned, health-behaviour-focused intervention programs, we propose that on-line CBT holds significant potential in supporting the health behaviours and quality of life of young people and their families, both during and after cancer treatment. The future impact of on-line CBTbased interventions will rely upon clinicians and researchers effectively collaborating to effectively evaluate - and implement - these programs in real-world settings.