RISULTATI RICERCA

La presente rassegna si propone di esaminare lo stato attuale della ricerca re-lativa al sentimento di gelosia all’interno della relazione di coppia. In particolare, a partire dalla definizione del costrutto, prende in esame i principali modelli teorici avanzati nel corso del tempo ed esamina le specifiche manifestazioni e caratteristiche che distinguono la cosiddetta gelosia normale da quella patologica, gli esiti che forme diverse di gelosia possono avere sul benessere del singolo e sulla qualità della relazione di coppia, nonché i molteplici fattori di rischio e di prote-zione che concorrono al sorgere e al mantenimento di tale complessa esperienza emotiva.

Il lavoro mostra come un possibile rinnovamento dell’approccio idiografico si fondi non più sulla classica distinzione tra il "particolare" e l’"universale" (prerogativa storica dell’approccio nomotetico), ma sulla possibilità di produrre nuova conoscenza attraverso diverse forme di generalizzazione a partire dal caso singolo. Il caso singolo conserva grande interesse nello studio e nella ricerca dei feno-meni psicologici, in virtù della costitutiva contestualità, contingenza, variabilità temporale e situatività di ogni fenomeno umano. In virtù di tali considerazioni, viene presentato l’approccio idiografico attraverso un’attenta disamina storica, la rifondazione delle sue assunzioni teoretiche, epistemologiche e metodologiche, tra cui la ri-concettualizzazione di alcune opposizioni teoriche ormai obsolete, la considerazione di alcune debolezze epistemologiche dell’uso del campione nelle discipline psicologiche, il rapporto stretto tra l’unicità e il generale, il processo di generalizzazione abduttiva, la relazione circolare tra teoria e fenomeni, la riconsiderazione del processo di validazione delle ricerche.

The Burana Land-Reclamation Board is an interregional water board operating in three regions and five provinces. The Burana Land-Reclamation Board operates over a land area of about 250,000 hectares between the Rivers Secchia, Panaro and Samoggia, which forms the drainage basin of the River Panaroand part of the Burana-Po di Volano, from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines to the River Po. Its main tasks are the conservation and safeguarding of the territory, with particular attention to water resources and how they are used, ensuring rainwater drainage from urban centres, avoiding flooding but ensuringwater supply for crop irrigation in the summer to combat drought. Since the last century the Burana Land-Reclamation Board has been using innovative techniques in the planning of water management schemes designed to achieve the above aims, improving the management of water resources while keeping a constant eye on protection of the environment.

Water has important economic values, mainly in the agricultural sector. Beside enhancing agricultural output and crop diversification, irrigation generates positive externalities which have been little emphasized by the literature. The purpose of this review is to investigate the direct, indirect and potentialbenefits of water use in agriculture by taking an additional step towards the identification and economic evaluation of the observed positive, social, environmental and ecological effects of irrigation. Five categories of contributions are examined: irrigation returns flows for groundwater recharge; biodiversityand wildlife habitat; landscape aesthetic and cultural values; nutrient recycling and retention; and improved health, nutritionand living conditions. Knowing the economic value of  such positive externalities would help to get the right policy incentives for better water use and increased water savings in a context of growing water scarcity.

The southern slopes of the Alps are facing a changing climate. This is acutely perceived in areas ideally suited to highquality agriculture, such as the Val di Non, in the northern Italian Province of Trento. Here agriculture has been constantly improving in technology and management. Drip irrigation now covers 100% of fruit tree cultivation, notably apple and cherry representing 90% of the over 8,000 hectares of farmed land.Cooperative management of resources, both in irrigation and land management, underpins and strengthens the agricultural sector in the Province of Trento. The Province’s primary legislative control over agriculture and environmental protection maximizes the legislator’s closeness to the interests and needs of agricultural producers and economic actors. This article illustrates the norms regulating agriculture and environmental protection in the Province of Trento. Secondly, it presents the ongoing complex research aimed at striking a new balance between environmental concerns (namely, the preservation of the quality of water streams in Val di Non) and growing demand for water for local agricultural production. The needto provide adequate water supply for agriculture conflicts with the necessity to guarantee minimum flow levels in local water streams, as provided for by law (environmental flow), as well as to preserve adequate quality of flowing water. The article proposes to connect existing irrigation infrastructure – irrigation networks, reservoirs and pumping stations. Itanalyzesa range of issues – parasite management; insurance against spring frost; labor protection; processing and marketing of produce. It connects with local research centers – the University of Trento for climatological research, the Mach Foundation for agronomic research and the Kessler Foundation for the application of new technologies to data harvesting and management.

Apulia has a considerable demand of irrigation water, however high inefficiency levels of the collective water networks force most of the regional farms to use groundwater, with a consequent worsening of its quality, as well as of soil and crops characteristics. Therefore, the use of sustainable supply methodsfor irrigation water is desirable both through improvements of the collective networks and by appropriate economic tools.However, making the correct choices in these matters requires knowledge concerning the effects of the present water supply systems on the economic performance of farms.The objective of this study is to measure and compare the technical efficiency of winegrowing farms in northern Apulia that use different supply systems for irrigation water: groundwater from private wells, irrigation water from collective networks, and irrigation water from both private wells and collective networks. The results enable to understand if and how different supply systems of irrigation water affect the management of productive factors and inputs. These findings also provide useful information for appropriate policies aimed at preserving groundwater and its externalities, as well as at improving the economic performance of Apulian farms.

The overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation purposes is a general problem affecting the management of common resources. The objective of this study was to analyze some of the policy options when facing this issue. A choice experiment was performed in order to elicit farmers’ stated preferencesfor four policy instruments, namely i) implementation of a compulsory measurement system of groundwater extraction; ii) improved monitoring of rural areas in order to limit illegal access to groundwater; iii) reforming the groundwater tax system; iv) increasing the supply of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation. A survey was conducted in the Puglia region on a representative sample of 187 farmers, selected in the main hot-spot irrigated areas. A Random Parameter Logit Model was estimated using two covariates (i.e. size of irrigable farmland and farmers’ awareness of groundwater shortage). Findings highlighted the farmers’ preference for increasing the supply of water for irrigation (i.e. wastewater supply). Among the measures aiming to handle groundwater demand for irrigation, the respondents positively valued the enhancement of rural area monitoring to prevent illegal access, but they rejected a compulsory groundwater metering system. Finally, the methodological approach proved to be an effective tool to improve policy design, making the decisionmaking process more participatory.

The pressure of growing urbanization, industrialization and water scarcity resulting from climate change imposes limitations on the amount of water allocated to agriculture.There will need to be an increase in food production of almost 50% by 2030. This will be an enormous challenge, requiring a significant increase in irrigable land area in the forthcoming years. It is necessary to improve water 2 systems based on the knowledge that high efficiency can be achieved with less wateronly by the adoption of more effective water-management plans, especially in agriculture, which is the major consumer of this precious resource. Water management in agriculture has a dual task: improving both water networks and how treated wastewater is used and re-used. Farmer participation in wateradministration will play a key role in agricultural production growth. The paper highlights current concern regarding the management of water supply for irrigation from the River Arda in Piacenza province, Italy. The approach proposed by the Consorzio di Bonifica di Piacenza for the reduction of water loss in the irrigation network is the replacement of the traditional system of open canals with a new underground pipe system, to be available only for irrigation, in such a way that the hydrogeological structure of the territory would not be altered. The project’s technical and economic feasibilitydepend on architectural quality and technical functionality. During the project phase tools and methods were also considered, seeking to involve techniques, materials and equipment that would make the pipe system less invasive and more affordable, efficient and manageable, not only regarding the final results, but also the project’s development and construction stages, as well as its post-construction ordinary maintenance.

L’articolo di Elizabeth Allison & Peter Fonagy (2016) "Quando è importante la verità?", pubblicato sul n. 1/2020 di Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane, viene discusso alla luce dell’orientamento psicoterapeutico cognitivista. In particolare, viene presa in considerazione la prospettiva cognitivista più attuale che, dopo il contributo innovativo di Vittorio Guidano e Giovanni Liotti e l’incontro con la teoria dell’attaccamento, si è sviluppata assumendo una visione costruttivista dei processi di conoscenza, valorizzando la dimensione intersoggettiva dei processi mentali e dando sempre maggior spazio al lavoro sulla relazione terapeutica nelle strategie d’intervento. In questa cornice vengono approfonditi gli argomenti teorici e clinici che possono consentire un dialogo fra il modello cognitivista e quello psicodinamico sui temi della verità e della fiducia epistemica, tenendo conto delle posizioni specifiche di ciascun modello ma mettendosi nell’ottica del superamento di vecchie contrapposizioni.

Dopo una nota redazionale, viene ripubblicato l’articolo di Bolko & Merini "Il setting" (origina-riamente uscito nel n. 2/1988 di Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane) allo scopo di riflettere su questo concetto della teoria della tecnica psicoterapeutica in un momento in cui, a causa della pandemia di COVID-19, si è diffusa la terapia on-line e da più parti si è discusso di questo "nuovo" setting. Dopo aver definito il setting come lo scenario, il luogo e il tempo in cui si svolge la terapia, ven-gono ripercorse le teorie proposte da diversi autori a partire da Freud; in particolare, vengono discusse le posizioni di Balint, Bergeret, Bion, Bleger, Eissler, Galli, Greenacre, Greenson, Hei-mann, Macalpine, Meltzer, Stone, Menninger, Modell, Rycroft, Thomä & Kächele, Winnicott, etc. Viene sottolineato come il setting, da elemento inerte e ininfluente sul processo, a partire dagli anni 1950 cambia significato divenendo un agente terapeutico, essenziale soprattutto nella patologia grave.

Il DSM-5 e l’ICD-11 hanno non solo sostituito il termine transessualità/transessualismo con altre parole, ma anche derubricato questa problematica dal contesto patologico in cui era stata inserita nelle precedenti edizioni. Tale revisione può essere considerata uno stimolo importante nel guardare con occhi diversi il fenomeno trans. L’articolo segue questa linea, proponendo che anche nella terapia psicoanalitica si debba affrontare e intervenire in modo diverso, ossia non agendo sul paziente per ricondurlo sulla retta via della cosiddetta normalità, per quanto riguarda sia l’identità di genere che l’orientamento sessuale. Al contrario si tratta di offrire a una persona sofferente la possibilità di incontrare un curante libero dai pregiudizi più o meno consapevoli che la cultura, l’educazione e la formazione professionale hanno depositato in lui.