RISULTATI RICERCA

Cooperation, Competition or Cooptation? Theoretical Views in Health Care Organizations - Extant research on interorganizational relationships has generally considered the propensity of organizations to collaborate and interorganizational rivalry as antithetic behaviours. In this paper we try to reconcile apparently contentious theoretical views on the relationship between interorganizational collaboration and competition, and propose a model that predicts the existence of a non-monotonic effect of similarity in resource dependence profiles on the propensity of interdependent organizations to collaborate and exchange resources. We test our theoretical argument by using data that we have collected on 91 health care organizations serving more than five million residents in one of the largest Italian geographical regions. Controlling for firm-specific resource complementarities and for differences in organizational forms, behavioural orientations and institutional constraints, we provide empirical support to our predictions. We discuss how this result may help to improve our ability to predict the network structure of organizational communities from the observation of individual exchange relations.

Keywords: Competition, cooperation, organizational network, niche overlap.

Nell’ambito della storiografia sul voto in età pre-moderna, l’articolo esamina la composizione dei consigli municipali della Lombardia preunitaria all’interno del progressivo passaggio da voto corporativistico a voto individuale. A partire dal settecento lo stato aveva cercato di scardinare il monopolio dei ceti dirigenti locali sulle assemblee, ma con risultati incerti. Sotto Napoleone, l’introduzione delle duple permise allo stato di controllare le nomine ma garantì il coinvolgimento delle élite locali. Il sistema elettorale introdotto nel 1815 sanzionò questo compromesso. Attraverso l’utilizzo del concetto di cooptazione l’autore definisce i livelli di accessibilità dei consigli comunali di sei capoluoghi di provincia, e l’incidenza dell’intervento governativo. Inserendo il caso di studio all’interno dell’evoluzione dei sistemi elettorali locali, l’autore sostiene che i ceti dirigenti lombardi riuscirono a mantenere il controllo delle assemblee, rallentando l’affermazione del voto individuale.

The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to describe relevant factors, which affect the changes whithin the Local Production Systems. 2) To analyse their dynamics on the basis of a cognitive and evolutionary theoretical framework. Local production systems are conceived as complex and multidimensional entities, based on systems of interdependencies among agents or units belonging to them. The study of interactions among components allow to define topological features, while the connective geometry that is the structures of connections allows to single out the sequences of patterns, or configurations of relationships among production units. The anlysis is centred on two essential points: 1) information flows and the creation of knowledge within local systems; 2) how interactions unfold at two levels: within the system, and between the external environmental and the said system. Thus the evolution of LPS is analysed on the basis of changes in dynamic co-ordination and co-operation costs (see section 1) as a consequence of evolutionary discontinuities in the competitive environment. The final aim of the analysis is to show foreseeable trajectories and to discuss different theoretical perspectives, in order to develop future research lines.

L’integrazione logistica tra industria e distribuzione può essere considerata un obiettivo prioritario delle imprese per i benefici che consente nel rapporto tra efficienza e livello di servizio e, quindi, nella creazione di valore. In tale prospettiva è cresciuto negli ultimi anni l’impegno degli studiosi e delle imprese dell’industria di marca e della moderna distribuzione per individuare, sperimentare e valutare soluzioni tecniche ed operative atte a migliorare l’interscambio fisico ed informativo nella supply chain dei beni di largo consumo. Importanti progressi sono stati compiuti, ma ancora molto rimane per realizzare la completa integrazione logistica nel canale e l’effettiva attuazione delle soluzioni Ecr. A tale fine sono necessarie specifiche condizioni sul piano del governo dei rapporti verticali per evitare situazioni in cui un possibile conflitto possa compromettere l’opportunità di conseguire benefici reciproci. L’integrazione logistica tra produttore e distributore richiede meccanismi interorganizzativi non di mercato, che possono essere di natura unilaterale o bilaterale. Il loro impiego varia secondo la struttura di potere e di fiducia tra le parti, i cui effetti sul rapporto sono ben più complessi di quelli riconducibili alla dicotomica contrapposizione tra potere e governo unilaterale, da un lato, e fiducia e governo bilaterale, dall’altro. Obiettivo dell’articolo è analizzare, con l’ausilio di un’indagine empirica condotta con alcune imprese del settore, le forme di coordinamento tra industria e distribuzione nel processo d’integrazione logistica ed il ruolo che la fiducia e il potere svolgono in tale ambito. A tale fine, nell’articolo s’individuano in primo luogo i due livelli di coordinamento logistico tra industria e distribuzione, quello dei comitati Ecr e quello del singolo rapporto tra produttore e distributore. Quindi si esaminano le diverse dimensioni della fiducia e del potere e si analizza il loro ruolo nel favorire il coordinamento tra produttore e distributore nel processo d’integrazione logistica. Dall’analisi emerge come, per comprendere la dinamica delle relazioni nella supply chain, sia fuorviante contrapporre i concetti di potere e di fiducia e associarli rispettivamente a quelli di governo unilaterale e bilaterale delle attività. Al contrario si dimostra in che modo nelle diverse fasi del processo d’integrazione logistica fiducia e potere coesistano, si alternino e si sovrappongano, associandosi sia a forme di governo unilaterale che di governo bilaterale della relazione.

Literature underscored that parenting and co-parenting are both important for children’s adjustment. Although the spillover hypothesis had explained associations between co-parenting and parenting, the relationship between co-parenting and dysfunctional parenting is a topic worthy of exploration. This systematic review aims to analyze the relationship between co-parenting and dysfunctional parenting to better understand the state of the art of literature. The two databases used were: The EBSCOhost Research Database to locate stud-ies in APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, and MEDLINE and SCOPUS. One hundred fifty papers published between 2004 and 2022 were detected. After duplicate removal, screening, and eligibility assessment, 15 articles were selected. The reviewed articles showed associations between co-parenting and some forms of dysfunctional parenting, such as coercive or harsh parenting, psychological control, and child abuse potential. These studies emphasized that conflictual co-parenting relationships could spill over into parent-child relationships, increasing dysfunctional parenting. This review reinforced the im-portance of developing other empirical studies that would explore the effects of conflictual co-parenting on dysfunctional parenting.

Objectives: We explored the literature to investigate the main results of research into the practice of co-parenting in families with an imprisoned parent.Moreover, we aimed to point out the theoretical approaches used to analyze coparenting in the case of parental detention and the methods by which co-parenting is recognized and measured. Method: We used the EBSCO platform to explore the databases PsycINFO and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection.First, we researched parenting OR co-parenting AND (incarcerated mother OR incarcerated father); the next search was for family AND (incarceration OR prison OR jail). Then we searched for fathers OR mothers AND (incarceration OR prison OR jail), and the final search attempt was for wives OR partners OR husbands AND (incarceration OR prison OR jail). Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 14 studies for this literature review.Conclusions: The number of studies about co-parenting in families dealing with parental detention is limited. Most of what is known about the co-caregiving system or alliance and children’s adjustment has come from studies of families with young children. The methodological procedures used to explore the relationships between incarcerated parents, children, and home caregivers were individually focused. What emerged from this literature review is the need to recognize the triadic nature of family relationships and therefore the need to adopt procedures that would allow us to analyze the triadic processes characterizing a family system.

Coparenting might impact on child development, on the intensity of parent-child con-flict, and on the manifestation of internalizing symptoms. Children’s perception of coparenting and gender specificities are important to understand this phenomenon. The direct relationship mediated by the intensity of the parent-adolescent conflict in symptom manifestation and the effects of the moderation of the adolescent’s gender were investigated. The study included 357 adolescents, 53.2% female, aged 11 to 18 years (M = 14.42; SD = 1.84). The results indicated that the relationship between coparenting and the internalizing symptoms presented by the adolescents are mediated by the intensity of parent-adolescent conflicts. The findings contribute to the identifi-cation of the coparenting reflexes and direct clinical strategies to adolescents and fam-ilies.

Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Copenhagen was represented as the ‘welfare city’, in consideration of the high percentage of the labour force employed in the public sector, the share of social housing that characterized its housing stock and the support furnished by one of the most generous welfare systems in the world. Following a substantial financial crisis in the early 1990s and action taken by a central government ori¬ented towards introducing a more neo-laissez-faire idea of urban development for its capital, the profile of the city was greatly modified. This paper describes the major transformations that have occurred, and in particular sheds light on how, alongside a process of economic rebirth of the city, which thanks to major infrastructural interventions became the most important hub in Northern Europe as well as one of the most liveable and sustain¬able cities in the world, transformations were begun that created a serious crisis for its social model.

Lo scopo del presente lavoro è la validazione di una versione ridotta a 25 item del COPE- NVI, uno strumento largamente utilizzato in ambito italiano per la misurazione degli stili di coping. Lo strumento è stato somministrato a 824 partecipanti adulti suddivisi in due gruppi: persone che hanno avuto un infarto del miocardio (N = 371) e persone che non hanno, e non hanno avuto, gravi problemi di salute (N = 453). L’analisi fattoriale confermativa mostra che la struttura fattoriale del COPE-NVI-25 ricalca quella dello strumento originario e che le dimensioni misurate presentano una buona validità di costrutto e una buona attendibilità. L’analisi multi-gruppo evidenzia che la scala è metricamente invariante fra i due campioni considerati. L’analisi delle differenze nei punteggi medi fra persone infartuate e non infartuate mostra una buona validità discriminante della scala. In sintesi, il COPE-NVI- 25 si dimostra uno strumento altrettanto valido, ma di più agevole somministrazione, rispetto allo strumento originale. In virtù della ridotta estensione, il COPE-NVI-25 può essere somministrato facilmente anche a persone che presentano gravi problemi di salute.