La persistenza della povertà monetaria e della deprivazione multidimensionale fra i bambini in Tanzania

Titolo Rivista RIVISTA GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA
Autori/Curatori Lucia Ferrone, Federico Martellozzo, Filippo Randelli
Anno di pubblicazione 2025 Fascicolo 2025/1
Lingua Italiano Numero pagine 19 P. 42-60 Dimensione file 0 KB
DOI 10.3280/rgioa1-2025oa19489
Il DOI è il codice a barre della proprietà intellettuale: per saperne di più clicca qui

Vedi l'articolo Scarica l'articolo open access

FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA)associazione indipendente e non profit per facilitare (attraverso i servizi tecnologici implementati da CrossRef.org) l’accesso degli studiosi ai contenuti digitali nelle pubblicazioni professionali e scientifiche

Lo studio della povertà minorile deve comprendere anche forme di deprivazione rispetto a bisogni e diritti fondamentali, che spesso prescindono dal reddito familiare. Questo studio si propone di approfondire l’evoluzione e la persistenza sia della povertà monetaria che della deprivazione multidimensionale tra i minori in Tanzania, utilizzando dati longitudinali raccolti in un primo periodo nel 2008/09 e in un secondo nel 2012/13. I risultati mostrano che il grado di persistenza è diverso, e che la povertà monetaria risulta più persistente della deprivazione multidimensionale. In entrambi i casi il ruolo di variabili strutturali risulta rilevante. Infine, persistono sostanziali differenze regionali all’interno del paese, sia in termini di livello che di cambiamento, in entrambi i fenomeni.

Parole chiave:povertà minorile, deprivazione multidimensionale, analisi longitudinale, Tanzania.

  1. Akachi Y., e Canning D. (2007). The Height of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Health, Nutrition, and Income in Childhood. Annals of Human Biology, 34(4): 397-410. DOI: 10.1080/03014460701452868.
  2. Akinyemi J.O., Banda P., De Wet N., Akosile A.E. e Odimegwu C. O. (2019). Household relationships and healthcare seeking behaviour for common childhood illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-national mixed effects analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1): 308. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4142-x.
  3. Alkire S. e Foster J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7): 476-487. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.006.
  4. Alkire S., Roche J.M., Ballon P., Foster J., Santos M.E. e Seth, S. (2015). Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis. Oxford University Press.
  5. Atkinson A.B. (2003). Multidimensional Deprivation: Contrasting Social Welfare and Counting Approaches. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1): 51-65. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023903525276.
  6. Bangura J.B., Xiao S., Qiu D., Ouyang F. e Chen L. (2020). Barriers to childhood immunization in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 20(1): 1108. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09169-4.
  7. Bastagli F., Hagen-Zanker J., Harman L., Barca V., Sturge G. e Schmidt T. (2019). The Impact of Cash Transfers: A Review of the Evidence from Low- and Middle-income Countries. Journal of Social Policy, 48(3): 569-594. DOI: 10.1017/S0047279418000715.
  8. Bennell P. (2021). The political economy of attaining Universal Primary Education in sub-Saharan Africa: The politics of UPE mplementation. International Journal of Educational Development, 80: 102317. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102317.
  9. Bignante E., Dansero E. e Loda M. (2015). Geografia e cooperazione allo sviluppo: prospettive e agende di ricerca. Geotema, 48: 5-24.
  10. Bossert W., Chakravarty S.R. e D’Ambrosio C. (2012). Poverty and time. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(2): 145-162. DOI: 10.1007/s10888-011-9175-2.
  11. Bossert W., Chakravarty S.R. e D’Ambrosio C. (2019). Poverty and Time. In: S.R. Chakravarty (a cura di), Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3432-0_6.
  12. Bossert W. e D’Ambrosio C. (2019). Intertemporal Material Deprivation: A Proposal and an Application to EU Countries. In: I. Dasgupta e M. Mitra (a cura di), Deprivation, Inequality and Polarization: Essays in Honour of Satya Ranjan Chakravarty. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7944-4_2.
  13. Bourguignon F. e Chakravarty S.R. (2003). The measurement of multidimensional poverty. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1): 25-49.
  14. Brown C., Ravallion M. e van de Walle D. (2019). Most of Africa’s Nutritionally Deprived Women and Children Are Not Found in Poor Households. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 101(4): 631-644. DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_00800.
  15. Burke M., Heft-Neal S. e Bendavid E. (2016). Sources of variation in under-5 mortality across sub-Saharan Africa: A spatial analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 4(12): e936– e945. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30212-1.
  16. Dang H.-A., Raju D., Tanaka T. e Abanokova K. (2024). Tackling the Last Hurdles of Poverty Entrenchment: An Investigation of Poverty Dynamics for Ghana During 2005/06-2016/17. GLO Discussion Paper N. 1376. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4699883.
  17. Davis B., Handa S., Hypher N., Winder Rossi N., Winters P. e Yablonski J. (a cura di). (2016). From evidence to action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in Sub Saharan Africa. Oxford University Press.
  18. de Milliano M. e Plavgo I. (2018). Analysing Multidimensional Child Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Findings Using an International Comparative Approach. Child Indicators Research, 11(3): 805-833. DOI: 10.1007/s12187-017-9488-1.
  19. de Neubourg C., Chai J., De Milliano M. e Plavgo I. (2012). Step-by-Step Guidelines to the Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA). Innocenti Working Papers 2012/10.
  20. UNICEF Office of Research Innocenti [www.unicef-irc.org/publications/695-step-bystep-guidelines-to-the-multiple-overlapping-deprivation-analysis-moda.html].
  21. de Neubourg C., De Milliano M. e Plavgo I. (2014). Lost (in) Dimensions: Consolidating progress in multidimensional poverty research. Innocenti Working Papers 2014/04.
  22. UNICEF Office of Research Innocenti [www.unicef-irc.org/publications/718-lost-indimensions-consolidating-progress-in-multidimensional-poverty-research.html].
  23. De Silva I. e Sumarto S. (2018). Child Malnutrition in Indonesia: Can Education, Sanitation and Healthcare Augment the Role of Income? Journal of International Development, 30(5): 837-864. DOI: 10.1002/jid.3365.
  24. Diwakar V. e Lacroix A. (2021). Climate shocks and poverty persistence: Investigating consequences and coping strategies in Niger, Tanzania, and Uganda. Sustainable Development, 29(3): 552-570. DOI: 10.1002/sd.2200.
  25. Dong Y., Jin G., Deng X. e Wu F. (2021). Multidimensional measurement of poverty and its spatio-temporal dynamics in China from the perspective of development geography. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 31(1): 130-148. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-021-1836-x.
  26. Duclos J.-Y., Sahn D. e Younger S.D. (2006). Robust Multidimensional Spatial Poverty Comparisons in Ghana, Madagascar, and Uganda. The World Bank Economic Review, 20(1): 91-113. DOI: 10.1093/wber/lhj005.
  27. Duclos J.-Y. e Tiberti L. (2016). Multidimensional Poverty Indices: A Critical Assessment (SSRN Scholarly Paper 2718374). DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2718374.
  28. Ferrone L. e Carraro A. (2023). Measuring child poverty. In Research Handbook on Measuring Poverty and Deprivation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  29. Ferrone L. e de Milliano M. (2018). Multidimensional Child Poverty in three Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Child Indicators Research, 11(3): 755-781. DOI: 10.1007/s12187-017-9487-2.
  30. Fomba B.K., Talla D.N.D.F. e Ningaye P. (2023). Institutional Quality and Education Quality in Developing Countries: Effects and Transmission Channels. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 14(1): 86-115. DOI: 10.1007/s13132-021-00869-9.
  31. Gordon D., Nandy S., Pantazis C., Pemberton S. e Townsend P. (2003). Child poverty in the developing world. Policy Press.
  32. Graetz N., Friedman J., Osgood-Zimmerman A., et al. (2018). Mapping local variation in educational attainment across Africa. Nature, 555(7694): Articolo 7694. DOI: 10.1038/nature25761.
  33. Hague S., Quarles van Ufford P. e Muchabaiwa B. (2023). Good News or Bad News for Africa: Recent Trends in Monetary Child Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. New York: UNICEF [www.unicef.org/esa/documents/good-news-or-bad-news-africa-recent-trendsmonetary-child-poverty-sub-saharan-africa].
  34. Hallegatte S., Fay M. e Barbier E.B. (2018). Poverty and climate change: Introduction. Environment and Development Economics, 23(3): 217-233. DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X18000141.
  35. Haller T., Pase A., Warner J., Hashimshony-Yaffe N., Kronenburg Garcìa A. e Bertoncin M. (2022). Mega-infrastructure projects in drylands. From enchantements to disenchantments. In A. Kronenburg Garcìa, T. Haller, H. van Dijk, C. Samimi e J. Warner (a cura di), Drylands facing change. Interventions, investments and identities. Routledge.
  36. Heath Milsom L. (2023). Spatial inequality of opportunity in West Africa. Journal of Public Economics, 225: 104944. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104944.
  37. Jolliffe D., Mahler D.G, Lakner C., Atamanov A. e Tetteh-Baah S.K. (2022). Assessing the Impact of the 2017 PPPs on the International Poverty Line and Global Poverty. Policy Research Working Paper 9941, February 2022. Washington DC: World Bank.
  38. Kafle K., McGee K., Ambel A. e Seff I. (2016). Once poor always poor? Exploring consumption- and asset-based poverty dynamics in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Economics, 25(2): 2. DOI: 10.4314/eje.v25i2.
  39. Katumba S., Cheruiyot K. e Mushongera D. (2019). Spatial Change in the Concentration of Multidimensional Poverty in Gauteng, South Africa: Evidence from Quality of Life Survey Data. Social Indicators Research, 145(1): 95-115. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-019-02116-w.
  40. Lartey A. (2008). Maternal and child nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and interventions. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67(1): 105-108. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665108006083.
  41. Lee J., Kim H. e Rhee D.-E. (2021). No harmless child labor: The effect of child labor on academic achievement in francophone Western and Central Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 80: 102308. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102308.
  42. Maganga A.M., Chiwaula L. e Kambewa P. (2021). Climate induced vulnerability to poverty among smallholder farmers: Evidence from Malawi. World Development Perspectives, 21: 100273. DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100273.
  43. Malevolti G. (2023). Why do the poor stay poor? Three essays on asset dynamics and poverty traps. Università degli studi di Trento, Tesi di Dottorato [https://iris.unitn.it/handle/11572/380649].
  44. Mangi E., Massito J. e Moshi A. (2023). Poverty Dynamics and Its Drivers in Tanzania: A Lesson to Poverty Reduction Policies. Journal of African Economic Perspectives, 1(1): 27-40. DOI: 10.58548/2023jaep11.2740.
  45. Michler J.D. e Josephson A.L. (2017). To Specialize or Diversify: Agricultural Diversity and Poverty Dynamics in Ethiopia. World Development, 89: 214-226. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.011.
  46. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2014). Tanzania National Panel Survey Report (NPS) – Wave 3, 2012-2013. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. NBS.
  47. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2019). Tanzania National Panel Survey Report Round 1, 2008-2009. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. NBS.
  48. Nazioni Unite. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Ratification and accession by General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989.
  49. Nicholas A. e Ray R. (2012). Duration and Persistence in Multidimensional Deprivation: Methodology and Australian Application. Economic Record, 88(280): 106-126. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4932.2011.00780.x.
  50. Nicholas A., Ray R. e Sinha K. (2019). Differentiating Between Dimensionality and Duration in Multidimensional Measures of Poverty: Methodology with an Application to China. Review of Income and Wealth, 65(1): 48-74. DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12313.
  51. Oryoie A.R., Alwang J. e Tideman N. (2017). Child Labor and Household Land Holding: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Zimbabwe. World Development, 100: 45-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.025.
  52. Pepa M. (2021). Cooperazione agricola Cina-Tanzania: Innovazione o dipendenza? Rivista Geografica Italiana, 128(3): 138-158. DOI: 10.3280/rgioa3-2021oa12537.
  53. Qadir A., Arshad M., Rafique M. e Shah A.H. (2023). A complete decade of multidimensional poverty in agro-environmental regions of Pakistan: A spatial evidence of agrarian and non-agrarian communities. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26: 2685-26877. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-04053-8.
  54. Ravallion M. (2011). On multidimensional indices of poverty. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 9(2): 235-248. DOI: 10.1007/s10888-011-9173-4.
  55. Ravallion M. (2015). The economics of poverty: History, measurement, and policy. Oxford University Press.
  56. Roelen K. (2017). Monetary and Multidimensional Child Poverty: A Contradiction in Terms? Development and Change, 48(3): 502-533. DOI: 10.1111/dech.12306.
  57. Samuel O., Zewotir T. e North D. (2021). Decomposing the urban-rural inequalities in the utilisation of maternal health care services: Evidence from 27 selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive Health, 18(1): 216. DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01268-8.
  58. Sen A. (1999) Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred Knopf.
  59. Shifa M. e Leibbrandt M. (2022). Spatial inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. African Geographical Review, 0(0): 1-17. DOI: 10.1080/19376812.2022.2099916.
  60. Thakurata I. e D’Souza E. (2018). Child labour and human capital in developing countries – A multi-period stochastic model. Economic Modelling, 69: 67-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2017.09.006.
  61. UNICEF (2007). Global Study on Child Poverty and Disparities. Global Policy Section Division of Policy and Planning.
  62. UNICEF e Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (2016). Child Poverty in Tanzania. www.unicef.org/esa/reports/child-poverty-tanzania-2016.
  63. United Nations Development Program (2022). Human Development Index. Human Development Reports [https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index].
  64. UNWTO (2022). Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files (world). World Tourism Organization. DOI: 10.5555/unwtotfb0834010020162020202202.
  65. Vasishtha G. e Mohanty S.K. (2021). Spatial Pattern of Multidimensional and Consumption Poverty in Districts of India. Spatial Demography, 9(2): 213-240. DOI: 10.1007/s40980-021-00089-4.
  66. Ward P.S. (2016). Transient Poverty, Poverty Dynamics, and Vulnerability to Poverty: An Empirical Analysis Using a Balanced Panel from Rural China. World Development, 78: 541-553. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.022.
  67. World Bank (2018). Tanzania | Data. World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank. org/country/TZ.
  68. Yeh C., Perez A., Driscoll A., Azzari G., Tang Z., Lobell D., Ermon S. e Burke M. (2020).
  69. Using publicly available satellite imagery and deep learning to understand economic well-being in Africa. Nature Communications, 11(1): Articolo 1. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16185-w.

Lucia Ferrone, Federico Martellozzo, Filippo Randelli, La persistenza della povertà monetaria e della deprivazione multidimensionale fra i bambini in Tanzania in "RIVISTA GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA" 1/2025, pp 42-60, DOI: 10.3280/rgioa1-2025oa19489