RISULTATI RICERCA

Near consensus arose in the 1990s and still remains unchallenged that labour market institutions and government intervention bear major responsibility for having made European unemployment so high. The OECD and other international economic organizations suggested that unemployment is essentially due to the rigidities of rules and regulations operating in the labour market. The policy consequence was that the European employment strategy should implement a radical reform of the institutions to restore flexibility in the labour market. In turn, such a statement implies that there is unconditional adhesion to the "law of one price" and to what could be called the "law of one institution", namely the market considered to be the most efficient supplier of resources. This paper states that there is neither empirical evidence of nor theoretical foundation to the labour market flexibility option. Moreover, a large institutional variability should allow every individual country to create the best combination of structural reforms and social equity.

The recent employment strategy of the EU seems in line with the policy suggestions of Oecd Jobs Study. The idea leading Oecd consensus is that the high European unemployment is owed to the rigidities of the norms and rules operating in the labour market and they are responsible both of the increase and the persistence of the equilibrium unemployment. This entails a radical reform of the institutions aimed to restore flexibility in labour market. The paper analyses the empirical evidence and theoretical and policy implications of this position and, in particular, the statement that there is no alternative European strategy. The conclusion is that the great institutional variability of European labour market makes it difficult to think the simple restoration of the law of market as the only solution of the unemployment problem, as it is argued by the Oecd consensus. Alternatively, the reform should identify the best arrangement by keeping the idiosyncratic feature of institutions and reaching the highest level of policy consent. JEL Classification: E24, E42, J31, J60

Il nostro studio ha avuto l’obiettivo di descrivere il profilo neuropsicologico cognitivo in bambini con malattia di Duchenne (DMD), in particolare con deficit cognitivi a carico di attenzione, memoria, funzioni esecutive, abilità visuo-spaziali e linguaggio. È opinione condivisa che tali deficit fossero dovuti a un generico ritardo mentale; per confutare tale credenza sono stati selezionati pazienti con un IQ medio di 93.9 e un gruppo di controllo. In entrambi i gruppi sono stati utilizzati specifici test dello sviluppo: BVL_4-12, VMI, VAUMeLF, PV, Test delle Campanelle, WPPSI III e Scala Griffiths. Paragonando i gruppi, è emerso che i bambini con DMD presentavano deficit nella ripetizione di frasi, parole e non parole, nell’articolazione e nei task attentivi. Lo studio ha esaminato bambini in età prescolare (4-5 anni), in quanto poche ricerche scientifiche trattano della malattia di Duchenne in bambini in età evolutiva, preferendo lo studio su soggetti di età puberale o adolescenziale. Il fine a cui aspiriamo, è di giungere ad una diagnosi rapida e corretta. Oggigiorno, risulta ottimale esclusivamente la terapia steroidea, che sebbene rallenti il decorso della malattia, non consente di ristabilire le funzioni perse e compromesse. Importante e quindi da non sottovalutare è comunque l’aspetto psicologico e psicoterapeutico, che non solo lavorerà sul singolo individuo, ma anche sulle dinamiche familiari, favorendo in tal modo l’accettazione, il più possibilmente serena della malattia e delle sue conseguenze, coadiuvando così con il trattamento sanitario.

Sustainability will bring changes in all aspects of the everyday life by overposing ecology over economy. Departing from this prediction made more than a decade ago we are analysing at what extent the entropy based economic theory of value could contribute to the paradigm shift needed for a faster change toward sustainability. Concepts and rational of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen developed several decades ago are revisited and interpreted through the lence of sustainability. Finally it is discussed how entropy management tools could be used for minimizing high entropy generation and creating incentives to support negentropy sources such as education, research, but also traditional ecological knowledge.

In the article we examined the plan for advanced concern about human perceptu-al horizons, based on deeper knowledge, to prove the faith in organization and management. In particular, we explored the premises of doxometric management, plausibility structures in relation to static or dynamic doxastic managerial attitudes to build neighborhood structures to increase decision confidence. We believe that in the first quarter of the 21st century it is not so much historical events, the Inter-net or electronic commerce, or technology in general that determine societal influ-ences and changes, but rather knowledge management. There have been and are unprecedented changes in the human condition. It is possible, from a sociological perspective, to show the end of modernity considering that managers and people, in general, those in developed Western societies, in particular, have already come under a strong rationality. No one dares to conceptually touch the market econo-my. We come to the conclusion that a new type of management is needed. It is about doxastic organization and leadership, by measuring trust and opening the borders of neighborhood structures.

Recent decades have brought to the attention of public opinion and decision makers a new dimension - the environmental dimension. For a long while this was considered a stand alone problem, but nowadays the environmental protection enjoys a general recognition, leading to the integration of this new issue in the management of any human activity in order to prevent situations of imbalance that led to dramatic effects, with high economic costs. The aim of the paper is to explain the conceptual framework for the emergence of the eco-economy concept and the implications of integrating ecological restrains in the economic thinking in order to pursue the goal of sustainability. The first section explores the drivers of human behavior from different perspectives, analyzing the implications of biological, intellectual and spiritual interactions. The second section analyzes the clashing timescales that induce lags between the rhythm of nature and the rhythm of human activities. The last section highlights how the eco-economic approach would contribute to the achievement of sustainable development’s goals.

Sustainable development was built as a conceptual framework for solutions that harmonize economy-environment relation. Although widely accepted, its practical implications are still subject of debate and controversies. Our paper targets this area and attempts a theoretical explanation and an overview on the progresses toward sustainability made at corporate level. Therefore we explore the theories of corporate environmental behavior and than describe the various approaches used by companies to improve their contribution to the overall goal of sustainability. A special focus is given to management practices implemented in order to improve companies’ environmental and social performance and we report on the progresses in standard development by international organizations such as ISO and SAAS.

In current conditions, the energy security is a global challenge that creates gaps between the main world economies and perpetuates systemic risks that are causing direct effects on world stability. Energy plays a key role in modern society and is a vital component for achieving sustainable economic development. In this context, we are analyzing the interplays among energy security, competitiveness and sustainability. We raise the attention regarding the question of competitive aspects of finite energy resources, in terms of finding alternative sources for funding for investments in environmental technologies, biofuels, wind etc. The generic relationship is further detailed by considering the particular case of Romania.

The last decades fueled the energy challenge by the continuous growth of demand and strengthening of environmental restrains. How these challenges are addressed at global and national level is the main topic approached by the paper using as case study Romania. The availability of resources and how they compare with the current and growing needs of energy is analyzed and discussed. The analysis is taking in account the structure by primary energy sources and the dynamic on the last decades. Applying the same approach for energy imports it is calculated the degree of energy freedom and how this could be improved by considering the potential of renewable energy.

Accomplishment of sustainable development supposes changes that could affect the interest of various groups. In strategy development goal setting should consider not only the global perspective, but also the needs and possibilities that could be derived from local or regional contexts. Since public participation is not a straightforward process, there are a number of issues to be carefully addressed for enhancing its contribution in strategy development and implementation. The discussion regarding some of these issues highlighted that misrepresentation, overloading, low willingness to participate, and power disparities are the main challenges for the management of the participatory process

Nel lavoro l’autore cerca di individuare più livelli di specificità riguardo il lavoro terapeutico in contesti istituzionali (CPS) con giovani affetti da disturbi psicotici. In particolare, da un lato la consapevolezza che il malessere in questi giovani inizia ben prima del c.d. "esordio", dall’altro la convinzione che il dispositivo terapeutico non possa e non debba essere ricalcato sulla misura della "routine istituzionale". Si sottolinea come la creatività del gruppo curante abbia un ruolo decisivo nel collocare la cura di queste situazioni umane in un arco spazio-temporale finalizzato al contenimento delle angosce paniche ed alla ridefinizione- rinegoziazione di senso. Un lavoro condiviso, che nasce da un clima di collaborazione e di comprensione delle singole condizioni evolutive e psicopatologiche. L’esperienza di -Job Time-, di questo "tempo-al-lavoro" si declina nella realizzazione di un gruppo terapeutico che permette di rintracciare e rimodulare i caratteri dell’adolescenza presa nella spirale di esperienze radicali e incandescenti come quelle del delirio. I bisogni di sicurezza si possono così integrare con il bisogno di sentirsi vivi e presenti. Riprendendo così il lavoro della soggettivizzazione e di una ridefinizione del Sé. La collaborazione con le figure mediche e infermieristiche si rivela decisiva nella comprensione e risposta ai differenti bisogni che i giovani pazienti hanno. Questo permette, nei tempi di differenti forme di "latenza terapeutica", la ripresa di movimenti di segno emancipativo e di cambiamento. Il gusto della parola, promotrice di scambio e di una relazione alimentativa col mondo, rimane lo sfondo terapeutico fondamentale.

In questo articolo abbiamo fatto un parallelismo tra l’istituzione della famiglia siciliana e della famiglia mafiosa, a partire dal mito familiare dell’unione condiviso dai membri delle famiglie siciliane, un vero e proprio mandato di lealtà, che supera le distanze e definisce l’appartenenza a una certa famiglia e l’identità dei singoli membri. Abbiamo anche provato a definire alcuni esiti psicopatologici di processi di svincoli impossibili, qui definiti come “patologie del silenzio”, con forti valenze sulla corporeità. Per esplicitare questa idea supportata dalla letteratura, abbiamo dedicato una parte a due casi clinici che esemplificano la difficoltà e la sofferenza degli individui che si trovano a lottare e a tradire il mandato familiare, cercando di rispondere ai loro bisogni evolutivi di autonomia, indipendenza e crescita non riconosciuti, in un continuo “conflitto di lealtà”.