RISULTATI RICERCA

Nearly seven million Turkish citizens are fully or partly descendants of refugees coming from Northern and South-Western Caucasus and more than two million of them keep and vigorously affirm a strong commitment to their roots. The public expression of their identity was totally forbidden from 1923 to 1946, but has been more or less tolerated since then. After a discussion of some meaningful events of the republican age, a survey of the current situation of this community is provided. Traditionally present in the Ottoman and later republican state apparatus much more than the Kurds, perceived as a privileged rather than a victimized minority, the Caucasian diaspora looks increasingly less inclined to blend in.

Nonostante la grande speranza depositata dai movimenti sociali legati alla lotta per la terra nell’ampliamento della riforma agraria durante il governo Lula, cioè, che finalmente sarebbe stata data priorità alla riforma agraria da parte del governo e che sarebbe stata modificata la struttura fondiaria in Brasile, il fatto fu che la riforma agraria durante i due mandati del governo Lula alla presidenza del Brasile rimase molto al di sotto di quanto sperato Questo articolo voglia presentare ai lettori le dinamiche politiche e degli attori (gli agricoltori famigliari e i contadini etnici) che emergono del spostamento dela azione politica in relazione ai problemi fondiari e della riforma agraria in Brasile durante il governo Lula (2003-2010).

Le esperienze di autogestione o, in altre parole, la gestione democratica e la partecipazione autonoma dei lavoratori nell’organizzazione del lavoro e della produzione, hanno una storia antica in Brasile. Tuttavia, quelle esperienze rimasero marginali nello sviluppo sociale brasiliano e nel movimento operaio durante il ventesimo secolo. Esse sono (ri)apparse negli ultimi decenni nel contesto di profondi cambiamenti della società brasiliana, concernenti specialmente la struttura del lavoro e il modello di sviluppo economico e produttivo, così come la società civile brasiliana, marcata da un consolidamento dei movimenti sociali dall’emergere di nuovi attori nell’arena pubblica. Questo articolo intende analizzare le condizioni che hanno permesso la ricomparsa di esperienze di autogestione, introducendo la storia recente di esse e la loro rilevanza per il modo del lavoro brasiliano.

In sight of the incoming revision process relating to the two most important voluntary instruments of the European Commission, the Ever study has been carried out on behalf of DG Environment, by a consortium of consultants led by Iefe Università Bocconi. The other partners in the consortium were Adelphi Consult, IOEW Office Heidelberg, SPRU Sussex University and Valør & Tinge A/S. The fundamental aim of the Ever study has been to provide recommendations for the revision of these voluntary schemes: Emas and the EU Eco-label. In particolar, the Ever study aimed, on one hand, at delivering a critical appraisal of both the Emas and the Eco-label scheme: the study analysed the relevance (take up and use), the effectiveness (impact on production and consumption patterns) and the efficiency (including cost efficiency) of the two schemes. Furthermore, it identified the drivers and barriers of both voluntary instruments, and investigate their utility (appropriateness as policy instruments) and their viability. On the other hand, the study aimed at providing recommendations by detailing options for improvement: these options shall regard the instruments themselves, linkages between them and linkages to other related initiatives and policies. The options and recommendations proposed for the schemes are based on the evidence collected in the different phases of the Ever study: the ‘desk research’, consisting of a thorough review of existing literature and previous studies and surveys on the schemes, and the ‘in-field’ research, carried out by way of direct interviews and case studies, provided the background relating to their strengths and weaknesses. This article aims at describing the results of the Ever study, with specific reference to Emas.

In the last fifteen years, the organization and staging of large-scale events have been progressively included in the sustainability debate. As today, it is widely accepted that such events may have multiple impacts on - and leave an important legacy to - the host cities and regions, as there can be structural, economic, environmental, social, cultural and political impacts. Literature and empirical evidence on the multiple legacies of events have mainly focused on large-scale sport events so far. The debate on the role and contribution of Universal Expositions to long term urban and local development strategies is instead relatively young. This article seeks to contribute to the literature that assesses the impacts of large-scale "one-off" events, by taking the forthcoming Universal Exposition of Milan in 2015 as an example to further explore the conditions and requirements that may eventually bring true meaning to the term "sustainable event". The analysis is mainly based on the Expo Milan 2015 experience in sustainability reporting activities, whose goal is to measure, assess and communicate the social and environmental performance of the organising company, the impacts on the territory of the activities that are being carried out, and the level of engagement and dialogue with the stakeholders involved.

Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in the world and, due to its strong relationship with natural resources, it has attracted growing interest from the environmental scientific community concerning the evaluation, management and control of its environmental impacts. Recently, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been used to measure and assess the environmental impacts of tourism-related activities. The objective of this article is thus to perform a comparative analysis of two archetypal tourist accommodations with a different degree of implementation of environmental management practices by using the LCA meth-odology. This methodology allows to thoroughly assess the difference in the environmental performance of two hotels with different environmental management strategies and, particu-larly, how much this performance can be improved following some of the requirements and best practices for the environmental sustainability of a hotel, as described by the Ecolabel regulation criteria for tourist accommodations. The study does not refer to real tourist ac-commodations, however a realistic hotel "structure" has been modelled using data from the literature and from the available legislative documentation. The key-results of the study is that the adoption of environmental best practices undoubtedly leads to a reduced impact for tourist accommodations, especially when considering hotels with service structures as common parts (such as swimming pools). As a consequence, the recommendation emerges that public policies shall support the implementation of such practices.

This paper presents a study on how the Product Environmental Footprint, a method launched by the European Commission to assess and communicate environmental impacts, can be used to foster and improve green marketing. Having carried out a PEF study on its products, Carlsberg Italia initiated an in-depth engagement with consumers, in order to understand their needs and expectations concerning the environmental information to be included in its advertising. This engagement revealed the positive attitude of consumers towards green claims. Indeed, the great majority of consumers that participated in the testing declared a strong interest in wanting to "know more" about the environmental impacts of the products they purchase. The use of an environmental label was considered positively by consumers, especially when the design was simple and clear and, therefore, effective in guiding purchasing choices.

Il rapporto fra le piccole imprese ed il loro contesto locale nelle analisi dei distretti industriali ha a lungo mancato di una dimensione fondamentale nella logica della sostenibilità: quella della tutela ambientale, vale a dire del legame che esiste fra concentrazione di attività produttive consimili ed esternalità ambientali ad essa legate. Questo stride con la crescente rilevanza che i principi dello sviluppo sostenibile hanno assunto negli ultimi anni sia nelle strategie delle imprese che nelle agende dei decisori pubblici, soprattutto a livello locale. Il presente lavoro analizza le dinamiche attraverso cui il rapporto fra piccola impresa distrettuale e ambiente si è evoluto fino a diventare fonte di opportunità competitiva grazie all’adozione di strumenti di policy volontari orientati a riconoscere e premiare l’eccellenza ambientale dei sistemi locali e dei distretti industriali. Il focus del lavoro è rappresentato dalle potenzialità legate all’estensione del Regolamento Emas alle aree distrettuali, al fine di valorizzare le sinergie e le tendenze cooperative che hanno tradizionalmente segnato il successo competitivo di tali realtà.

Tra media e socialità. I consumi culturali nelle sfere relazionali - Sociologists of migration are paying increasing attention to the transnational aspects of migratory phenomena. In particular, the term ‘transnationalism’ refers mainly to the tight-knit network of exchanges and two-way connections that migrants create between their countries of origin and of destination. It also refers to the fact that often - but not always - these same migrants commit to, and simultaneously participate in, the social lives of their places of origin and of residence. This article analyzes how the first and second generation Egyptians and Peruvians, living in Milan, interact with the society in which they live and with the society they come from. Relations in which the role of communication and information media is almost always crucial.

The new paradigm of the Circular Economy-CE appeared in the last decades as a response to the growing demand for sustainability, understood as a way to balance both economic, and environmental and societal aspects. Circular Economy, indeed, could change the traditional economic model, typically called Linear Economy. Within this transition, Green Public Procurement could help the developed economy worldwide to reach this goal. The paper is an international comparison on the main features of GPP policies within the CE framework of a sample of EU countries, China, Japan, and USA. The research was carried on combining interviews with experts and desk research. The main evidence is that EU and Eastern countries are leading countries in CE policies. Regarding GPP implementation, differences emerge within Europe, especially in federal states. Besides this, China, and USA suffer a not-organic regulation approach. Concluding, authors suggest to deep the barriers and drivers on GPP by international comparison with different regional contexts with a higher number of informants. This could help both policymakers and academia for further development of public policies.