RISULTATI RICERCA

La violenza di genere è l’espressione più evidente delle discriminazioni e op-pressioni esercitate da un genere rispetto ad un altro e una grave violazione dei diritti umani. La prevenzione e lotta alla violenza di genere è un processo complesso, che richiede la presenza e l’impegno di tutte le istituzioni e tutte le agenzie di socia-lizzazione. Partendo da queste considerazioni il saggio discute il ruolo giocato dalla scuola e dall’Università nel contrastare la violenza di genere attraverso percorsi educativi e lavoro di rete.

The modern society of the third millennium quickly combines processes of globalisation and localization (differentiation). Two opposite operating places, maybe not so far each other. Modern technologies have undone the spatial-temporal distances, and this fact points out the problem of the territory, of the occupied space. Boundaries don’t exist any more, sending messages is more and more virtual, overcoming any physical and logistical obstacle is supposed to be achievable. The value of free choice appears through any common messages. Dissolution and pluralization (localization) of space and time concepts are the consequences of coming out from spatial and temporal boundaries. One of the direct consequences of the space/time fragmentation is the request of new kind of learning, of remote training. The relationship between teacher and pupil is changing also regarding the techniques of sending messages. The teacher has gone from teaching to learning in little time and has today to face a new challenge coming from the pressing demand of the markets and modern technologies. In this way he/she is a knowledge trainer rather than a learning trainer. In this situation the trainer has to find new educational methods and solutions, in order to increase his/her professional means.

Il lavoro, presentato al Congresso di Berlino sotto forma di oral paper, racconta l’evolversi della Funzione osservante del terapeuta durante una esperienza di trattamento di gruppo con pazienti dipendenti da cocaina che si svolge presso un SerT . Esso evidenzierà come il modello psicodinamico della terapia di gruppo, possa aiutare gli utilizzatori di cocaina ad assumere un approccio alla vita più riflessivo e ad abbandonare l’illusione di potere ed efficacia, propria di questa dipendenza. La Funzione osservante diviene quindi oggetto di studio e di riflessione non solo rispetto a "come" il terapeuta entra in relazione con il gruppo, ma anche rispetto a quelle che sono le ricadute terapeutiche nel gruppo, testimoniandone quindi il suo valore clinico-terapeutico e mettendone in luce l’incidenza sull’esito della terapia. La Funzione osservante verrà quindi delineata come quell’operare interno del terapeuta che nasce nella relazione con il gruppo e si modifica lungo il processo in costante connessione emotivo-cognitiva tra il terapeuta e i partecipanti, permettendo loro di acquisire la capacità autoriflessiva.

Il Congresso organizzato a Berlino dalla GASi è stato un'importante esperienza per diversi colleghi italiani che si sono dati appuntamento l’ultimo giorno, nella fase di chiusura dei lavori, per raccogliere i loro vissuti, le loro sensazioni e le loro esperienze nel transitare tra le Lectures, i Papers, i gruppi mediani e il grande gruppo, momenti che hanno scandito le diverse fasi dell’evento. Il presente lavoro intende quindi riportare nel modo più fedele possibile quello che questi colleghi si sono raccontati, nel tentativo di valorizzare l’esperienza di confronto tra studiosi e clinici interessati alla gruppoanalisi, in un contesto internazionale.

Negli ultimi decenni i sistemi sanitari occidentali sono stati al centro di numerosi cambiamen-ti quali, ad esempio, l’aumento delle malattie croniche e della domanda di cura, la diminu-zione delle risorse pubbliche a disposizione del welfare pubblico, l’aumento di importanza delle case farmaceutiche e delle strutture sanitarie private e, infine, il diffondersi delle Infor-mation Communication Technologies (ICT) a supporto dei processi di cura. Il lavoro mostra la procedura tra la pratica sanitaria e l’utilizzo di infrastrutture informati-che esistenti. Ciò ha richiesto una modifica delle pratiche lavorative e implicato nuove com-plesse pratiche sociomateriali e specifici know-how. La sicurezza del sistema, poi, che do-vrebbe essere garantita da protocolli formali standardizzati, è supportata da pratiche infor-mali, dalle esperienze maturate nel luogo di lavoro e dall’organizzazione, che permettono il coordinamento tra attori eterogenei. Lo studio ha inoltre svelato come, nonostante le micro-politiche che l’introduzione del nuovo sistema vorrebbe imporre attraverso il controllo dei superiori sullo staff, la sicurezza del processo venga garantita soprattutto dall’organizzazione del lavoro e dalla mutua supervisione tra le diverse figure professionali.

Public Governance issues are a focal point in the debate about Local Public Utilities (LPUs). In the last decades the organizations providing Public Services in European countries are experiencing key changes in their governance and control systems. The exponential growth of shared entities managing local public utilities resulted in a new role for local authorities, which now have to lead real business holdings of public limited companies delivering services to citizens. The Italian picture is characterized by an odd dichotomy between the mission of the local authority and the activities of the LPUs. Indeed, local governments need to keep LPUs under control and to be able to define how to provide services, in keeping with the principles of social rights and equity. The research aims at verifying the state of the art of Italian local authorities governance on their LPUs by means of a semi-structured survey with multiple-choice questions. The questionnaire has been submitted to a selected sample of Italian local authorities with more than 20,000 inhabitants (515 entities). The main result of this study confirms the previous research: local authorities need to develop a structured multidimensional information system in order to better evaluate and control the competitive, social and environmental performances of their LPUs. To date, few local authorities use governance mechanisms to control their group of LPUs, while the vast majority lacks the required tools and consequently cannot apply appropriate governance on LPUs entities.

Sustainable Development Goal 5 aims to achieve women’s full and effective participation as well as equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making. Our research focuses on the higher education sector and aims to analyse the current gender gap in Italian universities. Specifically, this paper studies the effective presence of women in leadership role through the disclosure provided in gender reports. The research approach is based on a content analysis of the gender reports published by Italian universities, collecting information about the presence of women in academic leadership roles (such as rector, board of directors, school president, department director, etc.). This research has an exploratory nature as, to the best of our knowledge, previous studies have not analysed this topic in Italian higher institutions. It also represents a possible bridge between two different research areas: gender gap studies and social reporting. The results provide an instrument for evaluating the effectiveness of the gender policies in the university sector for national policymakers (such as the Ministry of Education and Italian Rectors Conference) and rectors and board members of higher institutions.

La formula “Governo in Parlamento” sintetizza il complesso di poteri e meccanismi in capo al Governo nell’ambito delle procedure parlamentari, che rispondono alla necessità di cooperazione interistituzionale insita nella nostra forma di governo. Tuttavia, la prassi negli anni ha dimostrato come tali strumenti siano stati utilizzati secondo una logica “avversariale”, che contrappone il Governo al Parlamento. Dal momento che tali dina-miche si riflettono sulla capacità di intervento dell’esecutivo rispetto alla programma-zione dei lavori parlamentari, si cercherà di comprendere se, attraverso tali meccanismi, sia possibile riallineare i rapporti Governo-Parlamento, e, con essi, il tempo della politi-ca ed il tempo del procedimento legislativo. L’intento è quello di sondare se possano individuarsi o meno delle tendenze verso la cooperazione, da cui potrebbero sicuramen-te uscirne rafforzati entrambi gli organi costituzionali.

This CVM study investigates the WTP for a restoration project in Poggibonsi and Colle Val d’Elsa (Siena). An old cast-off rail could be bring back into use for recreational and environmental purposes. A double bounded dichotomous choice model allows to estimate use value for the restored area, while an open format is used for non-use value estimation. Results indicates a positive WTP for the project, and are a valid decision making support. In particular, results may suggest a price for an entrance fee, besides estimating residents willingness to contribute to the project, without visiting necessarily the area.

This paper explores causes and implications of the auditor changes. We investigate the US setting in which the changes are voluntary and there is mandatory disclosure about the reasons for the change. The findings show that changes with a departing Big-4 are motivated by the auditor’s concerns about the client firm weaknesses in internal control processes and compliance with law. The changes between Non-Big-4 auditors are associated with the issuance of going concern qualified opinions, suggesting possible audit opinion shopping by client firms. The switches from a Non-Big-4 to a Big-4 auditor are associated with issues related to the application of accounting standards. Overall, our findings suggest that changes allow auditors to better organise their audit, and balance the objectives of their assignments and the maintenance of effective client relations. The balance of reasonably effective internal controls systems and of risk-proportioned audit fees is at the core of negotiations between audit and client firms. Also, the search for more effective audit and higher governance and financial markets reputation may motivate the switch from a smaller audit firm to a Big-4. The information regarding auditor changes can shed light upon the financial reporting practices and management behaviour, signalling to investors any potential misrepresentation, to the management potential risk areas and to regulators where they might need to intervene to enforce auditor and management independence.

This article analyses how the issue of regulating parliamentary lobbying has been afforded in different countries. Two broad approaches emerge: (i) in the US, here lobbying is a recognised constitutional right, the recent regulation mainly provides for the disclosure of lobbying activities to influence the public decision-making process. This is pursued by means of a strict assessment of the interest groups’ activities with both the legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government; (ii) in Europe lobbying has been associated to corruption of public officials. As a consequence, lobbying regulation has been intended mainly as the means for preventing corruption originated by the activities of pressure groups. This, in turn, requires auditing of the receptors of such activities. We point out the advantages and isadvantages of the mentioned approaches on which basis we analyse the different «attempts» to regulating parliamentary lobbying in Italy.