La ricerca ha estratto dal catalogo 104759 titoli
Obiettivo di questo contributo è esplorare il contesto della Intimate Male Partner Violence (IMPV) nelle coppie musulmane residenti in Italia. L’analisi preliminare di alcune interviste individuali e di gruppo, rivolte sia a donne vittime di violenza coniugale sia a uomini, tutti immigrati di prima generazione e di religione musulmana, ha consentito d’indagare il ruolo che alcuni fattori di rischio esercitano nel generare, nella fase post-migratoria, il fenomeno della IMPV e il suo perpetuarsi nel tempo, con particolare attenzione alle fonti di stress, all’isolamento sociale e all’assenza di una comunità etnica. In aggiunta ai noti fattori psicologici e sociali connessi all’escalation della violenza, le interviste consentono di esplorare le barriere culturali e linguistiche che ostacolano l’avvio del processo di aiuto: la percezione della gravità della violenza subita, le norme di ruolo e le disuguaglianze di genere, il significato del matrimonio e le credenze familistiche, la stigmatizzazione sociale.
Lo studio ha indagato la vittimizzazione in situazioni di bullismo in rapporto a fattori di contesto diversi, considerando la vittimizzazione oggettivamente subita e la colpevolizzazione della vittima da parte dei compagni, come forma più sottile di vittimizzazione. Queste due dimensioni sono state esplorate in rapporto a variabili di contesto oggettive, l’area geografica (Nuoro vs. Milano), e connesse alle relazioni tra compagni e alla moralità del gruppo dei pari. Lo studio ha interessato 379 alunni di scuola primaria e secondaria di primo grado. La vittimizzazione oggettivamente subita è risultata associata allo status dello studente tra i compagni, con differenze nelle due aree geografiche, mentre la colpevolizzazione della vittima a livello di gruppo era connessa all’area geografica, al senso di comunità riferito alla scuola e al rifiuto della scuola.
La presente ricerca si propone di verificare le proprietà psicometriche di una traduzione italiana della Psychological Maltreatment Measure (PMM-I) in un campione di popolazione generale, composto da 739 partecipanti di nazionalità italiana. È stata esplorata la struttura fattoriale dello strumento, indagata la coerenza interna ed esaminata sia la validità convergente, rispetto ad una misura di cura genitoriale, sia la validità predittiva, relativamente a due possibili esiti negativi del maltrattamento psicologico in età adulta (ovvero il distress e la bassa autostima). I risultati, in linea con le nostre ipotesi e la letteratura sul tema, evidenziano una struttura a due fattori del PMM-I e suggeriscono che possa essere uno strumento attendibile e valido per valutare il maltrattamento psicologico nella popolazione adulta italiana.
Parental alienation behaviors are defined as parental acts and attitudes that create pressure in the child to reject his or her other parent. Two strands of research are reviewed that support consideration of parental alienation (PA) as a form of psychological maltreatment (PM). The first is a set of studies on the negative effects of children’s involvement in their parents’ marital and divorce conflict and the second is a set of studies specifically examining associations between reports of parental use of 19 specific PA behaviors and parental engagement in PM. These first generation studies lay the groundwork for future research examining mediators of these relationships as well as highlight the importance of training for mental health professionals in recognizing and addressing children’s exposure to parental alienation.
Il maltrattamento psicologico è una reiterazione di pattern comportamentali o modelli relazionali ritenuti psicologicamente dannosi in quanto creano nel bambino l’idea che vale poco, è imperfetto, non amato, non desiderato o che vale solo se soddisfa i bisogni altrui. Esso comprende atti di commissione (abuso emotivo) e di omissione (trascuratezza emotiva). Questa rassegna si propone di fornire una panoramica delle numerose definizioni date in letteratura del maltrattamento psicologico e delle conseguenze a lungo termine derivate da tale forma di abuso. Saranno esaminati alcuni costrutti che risultano mediare l’associazione tra maltrattamento psicologico e outcomes negativi in età adulta, tra cui schemi cognitivi disfunzionali, deficit nella regolazione emotiva e stili di attaccamento insicuro.
Prominent among F.M. Scherer’s many contributions to industrial economics and policy has been the analytical framework set out in his Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, first published in 1970 (Scherer, 1970). At the outset of that book, Scherer described what he termed a "simple model" of the relationship between underlying conditions, market structure, firm behavior, and economic performance. This essay makes clear that Scherer’s model was anything but simple: this model offered a unifying framework to a vast body of literature; it provided explicit causal - sometimes complex - linkages between its stages; and it had, and has continued to have, implications for competition policy across several decades. After discussion of the components of Scherer’s model, some of its implications are developed. These include the Horizontal Merger Guidelines, which reflect an emphasis on market structure together with a recognition of the importance of other considerations, and also remedies policies toward companies violating antitrust laws. Scherer’s co-authored brief on the Microsoft antitrust case is examined for its careful application of the "simple model" to a complex policy setting.
This paper explores some consequences for economic efficiency of creative accounting practices by merging companies. It assumes semi-strong information efficiency in the markets for capital and for corporate control; and/or the use of executive contracts relating pay to accounting profit. Ahead of takeover, prospective acquirers can flatter their earnings record in order to secure the support of investors for stock-for-stock deals. During takeover, accounting devices have been used to fill "cookie jars" ready to inflate earnings in the years after merger. After takeover, newly appointed managers can take a "big bath", at the expense of their predecessors’ record, enhancing their own apparent performance. The consequences for economic efficiency can include: allocating control of a business to an inferior management team; cheating stockholders by distorting market prices; undermining markets as «dishonest dealings drive honest dealings out of the market » (Akerlof, 1970); creating incentives to undertake mergers which will not boost underlying profitability; and inhibiting the monitoring and control of agents by principals. The paper helps to explain the finding that the typical merger does not enhance operating performance, as shown for example in Ravenscraft and Scherer’s classic study.
This paper describes the influence of Frederic M. Scherer in the field of Industrial Organization. The emphasis is on Scherer’s research with regard to vertical agreements between a manufacturer and its downstream vendors, with particular focus on Scherer’s writings about resale price maintenance (RPM). Scherer’s views on RPM agreements are contrasted with the Chicago school’s liberality and the Warren Court’s stringency, showing how Scherer staked out a middle ground. The paper also assesses the influence of Scherer in moving US antitrust policy from its historic stance of treating RPM as per se illegal to its current treatment under the rule of reason.
The paper draws on the aesthetic theory and on the cognitive neuroscience approach of music, as well as on music history to try to convince Frederic Scherer that he should listen to music composed after Mahler.
Pharmaceutical Economics encompasses the economics of the pharmaceutical industry but it is far more than that. Because pharmaceuticals have an important impact on public health, government actions are necessarily involved, which have a major effect on market outcomes. An important example is that the US generic pharmaceutical industry was largely created by 1984 legislation. The interaction of private incentives and government regulations has together determined pharmaceutical products, prices and quantities in both the branded and generic industries. In this paper, we review the extensive literature on these subjects from which one can draw conclusions regarding the performance of this important sector of the economy.
This paper develops the theory of a U relation between seller concentration and R&D investment and integrates the new theory with the traditional expectation of an inverted-U relation. The paper illustrates the U relation, and the integrated U and inverted- U relations, for a single type of R&D performed in most industries, exploiting differences in the degree of structural competition across industries while admitting little if any variation in the type of R&D.