RISULTATI RICERCA

Over the past few decades, the adoption of an inclusive approach to education has stimulated a reflection on the educational value of body and movement within teaching-learning process in order to break down all barriers to learning and promote the full participation of young people to school activities. Indeed,body and movement represent an important didactic "medium" for developing individualized and personalized learning paths that take into account the specific needs and characteristics of students thus contributing to their global and harmonious development.

In this paper we have analysed what has been done to promote accessibility to cultural heritage in Europe and, more specifically, in Italy. Some projects, activities and initiatives aimed at reducing, if not eliminating, physical, sensorial and intellectual barriers will be briefly presented in order to give an overview on the efforts already made in this direction. On the basis of the key elements of cultural heritage and accessibility, the projects will be briefly evaluated in order to reflect upon the direction in which the issue of accessibility is being addressed in terms of design.

Social inclusion of women with disabilities is currently an extremely complex challenge, an educational emergency, which mainly involves Special Education. The development of the international normative framework did not help the majority of women with disabilities, who are still socially underprivileged and are often victims of multi-discrimination, which is part of an extensive process of feminization of poverty.  Starting from the above mentioned daunting overview, the article aims at contributing to the debate on the need to reinforce a theoretical and methodological framework of interpretation. Such framework should be able to link the conditions of gender and disability together, thus pursuing an emancipating perspective. The article aspires to reflect on potential perspectives of social development, combining and balancing social protection elements with educational and employment opportunities through empowerment processes designed for women with disabilities. Such reflection will move its steps from the case-study on a journey of social and employment inclusion embraced by women with disabilities living in the difficult context of Gaza Strip

Starting from youngsters’ statements of "little trust" in the main established institutions (including government, politics, police, healthcare, Church, education and family), the author delves into the motivations and effects of the widespread mistrust of the new generations towards the adult society. The reasons seem to include the ethical-moral disorientation and the value void characterizing youth nowadays. Young individuals need certainties, rules and limits allowing them to orientate and regulate themselves in an increasingly fast world, with frontiers that are no longer insuperable. The adults have abdicated from their educational responsibilities, in favor of an elusive friend figure (i.e., the parent-friend, the teacher-friend) that has nothing to do with the healthy and physiological asymmetry allowing the child/adolescent to differentiate him/herself from the adult in order to grow up. Deviance, therefore, defined as having a harmful, offensive and abusive conduct, and leading, in the worst case scenario, to delinquency, becomes an expression of discomfort that does not find alternatives for communication. Considered such an emergency, the author offers methodological recommendations and practical tools, such as orientation, counseling, writing cure, in order to promote prevention, favoring education paths to legality, to spread authentic values, sense of justice, responsibility towards others, desire to collaboration and sharing, aiming to a more human and democratic society.

This paper examines the situation of families with children having behavioral disorder with regards to aspects related to family relationships and couple dynamics. In fact, many international studies highlight the daily difficulties that a family has to face, above all related to the social impact of behavioral disorder (which has direct repercussions on the sense of parental self-efficacy and, consequently, on the planning skills and educational aspects of mothers and fathers) but also to the high level of stress affecting the couple. Survey data confirm parents of children with behavioral disorders report lower levels of marital satisfaction and are more likely to divorce. Analyzing some of the most recurrent parent-training interventions for children with behavior disorder, this work aims at investigating all these aspects in a pedagogical perspective, raising questions about the quality of life of parents and children and the opportunities to promote a high quality of interpersonal and resilient relationships in the family.

The article deals with the dynamic aspect of the 'Quality of life' (QoL) construct, focusing on the attitudes of some operators of orientation services and social inclusion on domains of it.In the first part a brief logical-critical analysis of the QoL construct is conducted: starting from its 'dynamic' character, those aspects that allow to assume it as a possible fuzzy concept will be underlined.In the second part, a study on the multi-factorial model of Schalock and Verdugo - within the ‘LabInclusion’ research-training coordinated by the For.Psi.Com Department of the University of Bari and carried out in 2017 - is described.The study on the attitudes of 71 operators involved in the post-diploma orientation service of Taranto, towards the factors and domains of the multifactorial model, has been conducted with a mixed method through questionnaire and documentary analysis of products and highlighted the substantial ‘reinterpretation’ of the 'Rights and empowerment' and 'Material well-being' domains.The study restates, in general, the 'linguistic variability' as well as the 'inter-intra-individual personal variability' of the QoL construct and invites to pursue in the search for more advanced and interdisciplinary methods for the estimation of the variance of complex measures, such as the indicators of QoL (Betti et al., 2016).

In the didactic action, the organized forms are recursive in the practices of both experienced teachers and pre-service training students; also its meanings are quite similar. According to the studies on Professional Didactics, these recursions are useful for the practice analysis and for promoting an investigative attitude in the teacher as a reflective professional. This paper will try to highlight which pedagogical formats are in some lessons, designed both by teachers and by pre-service traning students. In particular, the following aspects will be analized: 1) the meanings assigned to these formats by those involved in the research; 2) the reasons for their use; 3) the level of awareness of their involvement in the action (both in terms of design and practice). A first survey, carried out through evidences' analysis and co-explication, shows both the teacher enters the community with schemes of action that are already structured, and how the community knowledge influences both the consolidation of didactic formats consolidation and the organizers of the didactic action.

Developing competences for inclusive education in future support teachers is essential to ensure that they become not only experts in interventions on students with disabilities but are prepared to face the broad challenges of the school of differences. This study examined the effectiveness of the specialization program in Special Education organised by the University of Turin (2016/17) in enhancing teachers’competences and knowledge on inclusion. The teaching strategies used during the program, which were more associated with this purpose, and the application of acquired skills in classroom were also examined. 180 teachers participated in the survey, completing a questionnaire based on the Profile of inclusive teachers (EADSNE, 2012). The results indicate that the program had positive effects, moderate-to-large, in increasing teachers' competences and knowledge on inclusion. In addition, most of the trainees was also able to implement these in schools. Regarding the teaching practices, the opportunity of dialogue with other trainees, and the teaching experience in school placements were perceived by participants as the most incisive.

The aim of the contribution is to highlight university inclusion paths that offer educational opportunities and university life.Specifically, the next article outlines a training path for a group of students with and without dyslexia, dealing with learning the Chinese language.The project made it possible to experiment innovative paths of Chinese language teaching and to detect the major errors of Italian students with dyslexia and those without dyslexia in learning the Chinese language.

Internationally, institutions of higher education have been called upon to engage college students with learning disabilities in campus life, to provide effective learning supports, and to hold high expectations (Tinto, 2012). Model programs providing comprehensive support to college students with learning disabilities are few and far between. As the number of college students needing learningsupport increases across many countries, there is a critical demand to identify programs and approaches that produce optimal outcomes for students. This article provides an overview of the legal structures on which supports for individuals with disabilities are based in the United States in comparison to Italy.For nearly forty years, a U.S. program called Strategic Alternative Learning Techniques (SALT) Center has extended federally mandated supports in to higher education. As Italy grows its tertiary programs and supports for students with learning disabilities, the SALT Center may serve as a helpful model program.

The Chilean Government has been taking legal action since 2010 by the law of 20.422 that establishes the Norms about Equal Opportunities and Inclusion for Disabled Persons. Despite above mentioned anti-discriminatory legislation framework and progress, several factor hamper the inclusion at university. Democratisation of HE has helped to ensure a growing trend of increasing enrolment of students with disability in Chile, although it is still not significant enough in terms of potential numbers.Starting from this scenario, the paper aims to provide an overview of the principal steps carried out during the MUSE Project in Latin American in order to highlight the progresses and the challenges of a process in act which has the objective of improve access, ensure retention conditions and develop rich learning opportunities for HEIs’ Disabled Students.

This paper discusses the evolution of the early childhood education system from excluding children with disabilities to fully including them in a manner emphasizing full participation.  Evidence indicates meaningful participation in everyday activities is necessary for development to occur. The essential elements needed to bring about participation will be presented as well as specific evidence-based strategies used to promote inclusion and participation.

The school represents a privileged context for observing individual and social conditions, and for early interventions, according to an ecological and capability perspective. The Quality of Life model and the ICF model are valid references for the development of customized projects in this direction.Our study starts from the assumption that it’s necessary to work according to a model that meets a logic of possible defined relations among the areas in the anthropological paradigm of the ICF. Particularly it’s necessary to take advantage of the aims of Physical Education, a discipline that allows people to show themselves completely and to dialogue with the environment through the body. This research project has as its objective the validation of tools for the identification of Special Educational Needs through observation and evaluation of psycho-affective students’ indicators (Personal Factors of ICF and someessential factors of quality of life) during the lessons of Physical Education.Although the research data have not been collected yet to make an analysis, it’s useful the promotion of this project to realize a scientific model for the identification of SEN in the framework of the ICF, evaluating Physical Education that is often underestimated as interpretative key of students’ behaviors and educational failures.