SEARCH RESULTS

In Metabolizing Fascism - Santomassimo discusses Luca La Rovere’s book The Inheritance of Fascism. The A. reconstructs the ample discussions that developed in the immediate postwar period in cultural circles - and among the young - about the responsibilities, consensus and legacies of the regime in the history of the Republic, that refute the widespread image of Italians as opportunistic "turncoats" in the postwar years. What emerges from the study are the limits of the debate on the "metabolization" of Italian fascism in the subsequent period, particularly since the 1960s, in contrast to that in Germany about the responsibilities and collective guilt of the Nazi experience.

Key words: Italy, Fascism, Post-fascism, transition, intellectuals.
Parole chiave: Italia, fascismo, post-fascismo, transizione, intellettuali.

Memory and History reviews two books - In the first, an autobiographical interview, L’histoire est mon combat, the A. underlines the civil and political commitment with which as an historian he reports the crimes, especially during the Algerian war, denied by the authorities, but revealed as the truth through his researches. His studies of ancient Greece are perceived in contiguity with his political and social interests. The second book, Les assassins de la mémoire collects the author’s essays on the negation of the Shoah; the detailed examination made by Vidal-Naquet of the arguments and attempts to destroy the Jewish memory are reviewed. On these themes Pierre Vidal-Naquet has also written one of his most interesting essays, entitled An Eichmann of paper.

Key words: Vidal Naquet, History, Memory, Negazionism.
Parole chiave: Vidal Naquet, Storia, Memoria, Negazionismo

Famiglia, sessualità, riproduzione: un puzzle da ricomporre - Family, Sexuality, Reproduction: an Unsolved Puzzle discusses the relationship between family history, gender studies and the studies of sexualities. Its starting point is the consideration that, perhaps surprisingly, disciplines and research interests apparently close have struggled to find a common language and a fruitful cooperation. Moving from a perspective of family history, this article explores causes and consequences of this apparent difficulty in finding a common ground between scholars of family, gender and sexuality and the possibility of overcoming it.

Keywords: Family, Sexuality, Reproduction, Gender studies, Historiography, History.
Parole chiave: Famiglia, Sessualità, Riproduzione, Studi di genere, Storiografia, Storia.

Le arene del mutamento elitario nell’Europa dell’800 - Arenas of Élite Change in 19th Century Europe is a group research project. At the core of the investigation are the places of élite-building in the 19th century, and how concrete "compromises" between old and new élites were arrived at. The aim is to get beyond certain normative historiographical paradigms, particularly those related to research on "bourgeoisie", "nobility", and central-eastern Europe.

Key words: Central-eastern Europe, 19th century, élites, bourgeoisie, nobility. Parole chiave: Europa centro-orientale, ’800, élites, borghesia, nobiltà.

Le Benevole. Riflessioni su storia e letteratura - In Les Bienveillantes. Reflections on History and Literature Pierre-Emmanuel Dauzat discusses the relationship between history and literature on the Shoah, in particular through an analysis of Jonathan Littells highly successful novel, published initially in France and translated in other European countries. Looking back at earlier books on the same theme that failed to attract any attention, he concludes that Littells novel marks a new phase, with the Shoah seen through the person of the «executioner». Morbid or voyeuristic insistence on violence, like instrumental use of music or Greek tragedy, risks reducing the Shoah yet again to a commonplace, without respect for the historical truth and hence for the memory of the victims.

Key words: Literature, Nazism, Shoah, witnesses.
Parole chiave: Letteratura, nazismo, Shoah, testimoni.

Gramsci, Sraffa e la «famigerata lettera» di Grieco - Gramsci, Sraffa and Grieco’s «notorious» Letter discusses an important episode in the prison life of Gramsci: that of a letter sent him by his comrade Grieco in 1928, a letter Gramsci suspected to have been sent with the aim of damaging his position in the impending trial before the Fascist "Tribunale Speciale". The thesis put forward by Luciano Canfora, that the letter had been tampered with by the police, with the addition of the compromising passages, is critically discussed. Canfora also asserts that Sraffa would have furnished widely different interpretations of this episode at different times, for "party reasons". This is shown to be contradicted by the available evidence.

Key words: Communism, Fascism, Gramsci.
Parole chiave: Comunismo, Fascismo, Gramsci

An Uninterrupted Dialogue: Arfé and Salvemini between History and Politics reconstructs the origins of the republication of Salvemini’s writings on the Southern question. For the young Neapolitan historian Gaetano Arfé, Salvemini represented a model both as a historian and for his political commitment, above all because of their common interests that underlay their collaboration, albeit only for a brief period: the Southern question, the socialist movement and antifascism. Key words: Arfé, Salvemini, History, Politics, Socialism, Southern question. Parole chiave: Arfé, Salvemini, storia, politica, socialismo, Questione meridionale.

"All Students Should Come Over Here": Young Irredentists in Italian Universities 1880-1915 - Is about the annexation of Veneto to the Reign of Italy in 1866, which deprives students from Italian provinces in the Austro-Hungarian Empire of the only university in Italian language within the boundaries of the double monarchy of Padua. People study in Austria, following classes in German, or enroll in Italian institutes whose qualifications are not acknowledged by Austrian authorities. The decision to study in Italy must be considered as a precise political choice; the youngest challenge the Austrian social and political system, that seems stale and inadequate, by choosing the "young" Reign. Many of these students will join the Italian army as volunteers. This research aims at giving new hints and open the way to further analyses of the «’14 generation», whose exceptionality has always been highlighted. But it is also necessary to focus on the connections with the previous generations - particularly for the "irredentists" - on their non-impromptu choices, which have to be seen as the result of a long cultural and political path.

Key words: Students, University, Irredentism, First World War.
Parole chiave: Studenti, Università, Irredentismo, Prima guerra mondiale.

In The Dawn of an Imperfect Globalization - Tommaso Detti, Bruno Bongiovanni and Paul Ginsborg stress the numerous themes that emerge over the long term across the planet and the multiple and distinctive historiographical reflections that are present in Christopher A. Bayly’s The Birth of the Modern World 1780-1914. What emerges clearly is the unitary but dissimilar experience of all the continents, and, for this very reason, the totalizing dynamics of a process, not without conflicts, that has led to what appears sometimes as an apparently completed globalization, sometimes as a clamorous failure, but, over time, always imperfect.

Key words: World history, Global History, Globalization.
Parole chiave: World history, Storia globale, Globalizzazione.

Pastorale americana - American Pastoral deals with Barack Obama’s victory: the victory of one model of political marketing which is in many ways characterized by networking and bottom-up mobilization. But does this constitute a realignment, that is a long lasting regime based on a new dominating partisan coalition? Does it inaugurate an epochmaking shift in power relations between different and opposing constituencies and social forces? Will the president be able to transfer to the White House the leadership he has consistently exerted over an extenuating campaign? Will such a leadership succeed in incorporating part of the anonymous popular voices that Obama’s campaign newly won or won back to politics?

Key words: Us, Obama, elezioni presidenziali.
Parole chiave: Usa, Obama, presidential elections.

Urban paradoxe and policies. A discussion around Turin - The following four texts attempt to observe changes on urban policies in Turin, starting form the hypothesis that those changes are related, even before that to some relevant problems and their resolutions, to four paradoxes. Paradoxes make explicit a state of urban policies, which is visible also in other cities. Speaking of Turin means to localize it and to be able to treat it with some more precision. The four paradoxes are: 1. Evanescent and mobile pictures of the transformation /vs/ Crescent emphasis on places; 2. Seductive and promotional games /vs/ Planned framework of urban policies; 3. A living less incorporated in the market /vs/ A market more at the centre of local economy; 4. Lack of public opinion /vs/ Improvement of a city collective image. Arnaldo Bagnasco, Luigi Bobbio and Giuseppe Sergi discuss over these paradoxes.

Key words: city, policies, paradox, regulation, public, conflict.
Parole chiave: città, politiche, paradosso, regolazione, sfera pubblica, conflitto

Urbanity and resistance - The research on public space is characterized by four different concepts: first, the equivalence between public space and public sphere, directly impinging upon politics; second, the history and construction of social identities, where memory plays a central role; third, the encounter with strangers that should educate to tolerance; fourth, the practice of living together, at the foundation both of urbanity and civil respect. The first three concepts state that public space is eroded, due to the privatization of the public sphere. The last one criticizes this belief, and suggests instead investigating the field of practices that combine resistance to urban change, and the experimentation of new forms of urbanity.

Key words: public space, urbanity, planning, social practices, cities, inclusion.
Parole chiave: housing, planning, abitare, pratiche sociali, istituzionalizzazione, cornici cognitive.

Housing e planning. Una prima riflessione intorno ad una relazione difficile - The history of the institutionalization of planning demonstrates that the relations between planning practices and dwelling or inhabitating practices have been particularly problematic. Planning reduced dwelling or inhabitating practices to a problem of housing provision and regulation, within a frame of normalization of daily social practices and of social control. Such a process imposed a powerful cognitive frame to the planning practices and their histories, removing important experiences, such as those of Jane Addams or Mary Pierce at the beginning of the last century. If the aim is to define an original point of view on the contemporary dwelling and inhabitating practices, over the mainstream planning perspectives, it seems relevant to reflect on such anomalous past and current experiences.

Key words: housing, planning, dwelling, social practices, institutionalization, cognitive frames.

La forza dei luoghi, la debolezza degli strumenti: il progetto urbano alla prova - A major change is under way. Following a new season of urban policies in Italy, it seems now time to investigate the outcomes and critical points of their implementation. Referring to the work of the Torino research group, the article focuses on the design of projects of new urban development areas. The main questions driving the investigation concern the requirements and conditions allowing housing quality, social and functional blending and integration with the existing city. The main proposition to the reader is a call for moving among projects and places to understand how and if a project produces a place, among places and tools, to understand how and if a specific tool of urban transformation is able to produce the expected results. The observation point, hence the research method, recalls a relation to the specific contexts and a focus on practices and habits in place.

Keywords: Urban project, governance tools, mi ité, urban policies.
Parole chiave: Progetto urbano, strumenti di governo, mi ité, politiche urbane.

Lo sguardo acquietato dell'urbanista sull'architettura dell'abitare - Is it possible to investigate urban policies and projects through a close observation of the places they produce? In Torino as in Milano, to research on new urban development projects as well as on the transformation of the existing urban fabric, allows an overview on how public action shapes and guides processes of spatial and social organization in the contemporary urban space. And the organization of urban space is a ground on which the conditions of citizenship are drawn and in which to investigate the relations with social and political organization.

Keywords: urban development projects, public action.
Parole chiave: progetti urbanistici, azione pubblica.

Urban mobility and residential choices An economic analysis - This study explores the intricate relationships between urban mobility, residential choices (rent or ownership) and economic levels of housing affordability of the demand. During the residential changing, the families consider simultaneously many factors, both economic and territorial, that affect their decision. This research highlights as, in a situation characterized by very high prices and very important levels of the interest rates, the expectations of the economic improvement of the households are frustrated; the anomalies in the real estate market (rent and ownership) result, at the urban scale, in a sort of stoc s, as well as, economic segregation.

Key words urban mobility, housing affordability, residential choices.
Parole chiave: mobilità urbana, accessibilità ai servizi abitativi, scelte residenziali.