RISULTATI RICERCA

The article examines a set of issues of geo-ecological safety of the Northern Caspian Sea as the most important ecological zone of the Caspian Sea. This sector is under the jurisdiction of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, has a common political, socio-economic and environmental problems that determine the unity of vision of the diversity of interrelated components of the environment. The growing activity of the countries of the Caspian region, associated with the development of natural resource and transport and communication potentials, is accompanied by an increase in the violation of the ecological balance. Preservation of the integrity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea is possible through the formation of a single economic space. Modern approaches are outlined on the basis of the use of comparative, structural and functional research methods, as well as the development of political and environmental mechanisms for studying the most important factors and conditions according to the criteria of commonality of homogeneous components of the natural environment and resource base, political and other conditions. The program management of these processes is predicted by the author both on an interstate basis and at the national level. As a result of the analysis, the political mechanism for ensuring the geo-environmental security of the Northern Caspian is considered, which is characterized by a complex of regional features, the main of which is the recognition of the unity of the ecological system of the Caspian Sea.

The article aims to highlight energy efficiency improvements in Ukraine's household sector through green energy adoption. Utilizing graphical, analytical, and predictive methods, including polynomial regression, the study analyzed data from 2014 to 2022 on generation, consumption of renewable energy sources (RES), and renewable energy tariffs. The research spanned 8 quarters and identified solar power as the favored RES choice among households due to attractive tariffs and easy installation. Projections suggest a biennial doubling of plant numbers and capacity, leading to increased household income from solar energy sales. These findings encourage further exploration of payback periods and economic viability for diverse RES options across Ukrainian regions.

The organic farming industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by increasing consumer demand for healthier and sustainably produced food products. This case study explores the opportunities, challenges, and technological solutions within the organic farming sector. With an annual growth rate of 16.25 percent projected for organic farming, aspiring entrepreneurs are presented with a promising market to venture into. Learning from successful case studies, such as Whole Foods Market (WFM) provides valuable insights into the problems and challenges faced by organic stores, enabling entrepreneurs to make informed decisions and capitalize on this expanding industry. One of the key challenges in organic farming is traceability, as consumers are becoming more conscious about the sourcing and rearing of their food. Blockchain technology offers a potential solution by providing a transparent and immutable system for tracking products from farm to fork. Implementing accurate labeling processes and integrating blockchain across the value chain can enhance transparency, build consumer trust, and mitigate traceability issues. Additionally, automation plays a vital role in streamlining organic farming processes. By reducing human intervention and minimizing errors, automation enhances efficiency, productivity, and overall operational effectiveness. By embracing these technological solutions, entrepreneurs can meet consumer demands for organic products while promoting transparency, traceability, and health-conscious practices in the organic farming and retail sector.

This scientific article presents a comprehensive study of the role of diasporas in the modern world, with a focus on connections with the topic of population migration. In a world where globalization and modern technology play a key role, diasporas are becoming important actors in the development of economic, human, social and cultural capital, both in countries of origin and in countries of residence. The article highlights that diasporas have a significant impact on the economy, education and cultural exchange, and this is confirmed by World Bank data on remittances, which exceed foreign direct investment and foreign aid. Kazakhstan serves as an example of a country that actively interacts with the Kazakh diaspora abroad and brings back ethnic Kazakhs (Kandas) in order to increase their contribution to the development of the country. However, the article also highlights that the potential of diasporas is underutilized. To address this problem, the study proposes a number of recommendations and policy approaches. The purpose of the study is to examine policies that influence interaction with diasporas and the integration of gender equality aspects into this process. The research methodology includes an analysis of literature, strategic and regulatory documents, as well as data available on the websites of authorized government bodies and public organizations. The results of the analysis formulate problems and provide recommendations for developing strategies for more effective interaction with diasporas, including aspects of gender equality. The article concludes that while more research is needed, there are several key areas of concern, including the lack of clear diaspora policies and programs to transfer knowledge and skills. Overall, the article proposes a strategic plan for increasing the contribution of diasporas to socio-economic development and integrating gender equality dimensions into these interactions.

In today’s market economy and evolving society, it is essential to update legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in civil transactions. Tort law plays a vital role in regulating compensation for damage caused by rights violations. It is aimed at assisting victims, establishing liability, and preventing harmful acts, usually resulting in monetary compensation as a form of redress. This article aims to study the current state of tort law in Ukraine, identify problematic aspects in this area, and determine the prospects for its development and improvement in the context of European integration. To achieve the goals and objectives of the study, the author uses a combination of general theoretical and unique scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method.

The study aims to develop a theoretical model of “satisfaction-loyalty-involvement” in modern HRM-architecture to create a mechanism to strengthen employee involvement in the production process. The study statistically determined the socio-psychological factors influencing satisfaction, loyalty, and involvement in professional activity. It was found that an employee’s attitude (on the example of respondents from Russia) to a company (satisfaction-loyalty-involvement) depends on gender: correlation coefficient 0.631, (p < 0.05), age: 0.690 (p < 0.05), total years in office: 0.572 (p < 0.05), but the greatest – on the level of education – 0.807 (p < 0.05), and does not depend on marital status (0.241), having children (0.041) and level of wages (0.062). According to the results of the correlation analysis the individual psychological features influencing the level of satisfaction were determined. The received information is important for managers and executives to take constructive action and manage their workforce intelligently.

The article analyzes the religious situation in Kazakhstan during the pandemic. In the new conditions of the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is spreading at an unprecedented speed and causing significant damage to human health and national security, new challenges and solutions are required in the activities of public and state structures. The new living conditions led to changes in the activities of all religious associations, which were primarily associated with prohi- bitions and restrictions on worship and mass religious events in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards. It should be taken into account that the epidemiological situation in the country also had a very serious impact on the activities of state bodies, including those authorized to perform functions in terms of religious policy. New epidemiological requirements strongly influenced state-confessional re- lations and interfaith interactions in Kazakhstan, despite the stable religious situation in the country.

Some individual funding schemes aim at recognizing excellence of early and/or mid-career researchers, allowing them to boost their potential via munificent endowments, autonomy, and employment security. In Italy, this is the case of “Futuro in Ricerca” (FIRB), which is in many regards similar to the European Research Council (ERC) scheme. Both schemes are supposed to make excellence thrive, which is understood also in terms of publishing in leading journals and establishing international collaborations. The paper checks whether FIRB recipients are thereafter more performative in terms of quality of publication (ranking of target journals and international co-authorships), testing against a randomly extracted control group of Italian academics of similar age, rank and discipline. The study tests also against ERC recipients active in Italy. Results of difference-in-difference tests show that i) FIRB recipients improve their capacity to publish in highly ranked journals, similarly to what ERC recipients do; ii) these schemes do not incentivize international co-authorships; iii) FIRB is not conducive of notable changes within non-bibliometric disciplines.

Simultaneous with the rise of Labour Process Theory (LPT), Italy was the centre of a parallel and prominent theorisation of the labour process in an overlapping intellectual and social context: operaismo. Both have undergone a recent resurgence. This paper provides a critical commentary on the development and claims of operaismo, drawing out some comparisons with LPT. Diversity in the operaist traditions and trajectories are recognised, but the paper focuses on areas where contrasts and conflicts between LPT and aspects of operaismo continue to have salience. There are similarities in the ideas and goals of the two approaches, with both focusing on the dynamic interplay between labour and capital in the hidden abode of production. But operaismo is also an explicitly political project in that it seeks to identify privileged class subjects that can act as the vanguard of broader social transformation. Through an examination of a range of issues concerning changing workplace regimes and how to study them, we find this and other differences have significant analytical, normative and methodological dimensions.

In the last decade, several sectors of the Italian labour market have witnessed a rise in conflictual union activities carried out mostly by subcontracted migrant workers. Taking two grassroots unions in the North Italian meat processing sector as case studies (SICobas and ADLCobas), this paper investigates why and how migrant workers organise themselves through rank-and-file unions. In particular, the paper aims at understanding whether and how migrant workers’ mobility power interplays with and influences their associational power, shedding light on the nexus between labour mobility and its mobilisation. After illustrating how grassroots unions develop in the Italian context, the paper analyses how migrant workers enhance their mobility power through rank-and-file unions and how these unions, in turn, utilise members’ mobility as a resource to broaden their organisations. In conclusion, the paper argues that the presence of a highly mobile labour force does not weaken and could even strengthen mobilisations. Consequently, mobility power can be conceptualised not only as an individual strategy but also as a collective resource.

L'articolo ricostruisce criticamente la traiettoria del dibattito sulla Labour Process Theory (LPT) da Braverman in poi. Analizza i classici della seconda ondata e i principali fondamenti della cosiddetta ‘core theory’ del LPT. Descrive il dibattito suscitato dalla formalizzazione della core theory rispetto al cambiamento delle strutture produttive. Individua alcuni filoni di proficuo dibattito interno, cruciali per l'analisi delle attuali tendenze e trasformazioni del lavoro: il soggetto mancante, il ‘connectivity gap’ e il ruolo della tecnologia. Il modo in cui il dibattito interno alla LPT ha affrontato queste questioni è promettente e riafferma la rilevanza della LPT come quadro analitico che rimane cruciale nell'attuale sociologia del lavoro.

This article suggests that Labour Process Theory (LPT) could engage more substantially with the spheres of ecology and social reproduction. By drawing on ecological and feminist Marxist literatures, it seeks to recast a materialist analysis of the capitalist labour process, which is reconstructed as an ecological process as well as a process structurally shaped by spaces and institutions where the social reproduction of workers and the working class take place. Drawing from the collective and individual work done over the last few years within these areas, the article translates abstract observations in more operative analytical categories by reinstating the relevance of socio-ecological indeterminacy of the labour process, the materiality of the body, the commodity and the workplace, the intertwining between exploitation and disciplining and by introducing the notion of reproductive subsumption.