RISULTATI RICERCA

L’articolo vuole essere un contributo al dibattito sulla psicologia dei fratelli gemelli e, in particolare, al problema della loro separazione. L’autrice esordisce con la narrazione di alcuni miti indoeuropei, per delineare lo sfondo archetipico della psicologia gemellare. Continua con l’analisi dei più importanti studi sui gemelli monozigoti da cui si evince che nella psiche dei gemelli il complesso fraterno si trova in primo piano rispetto a quelli materno e paterno: il trattamento analitico si trova dunque nella necessità di doverlo elaborare durante tutto il percorso. Concludono l’articolo alcune riflessioni sul processo di separazione ispirate da un caso clinico.

Agostino Gemelli, Cesare Musatti, and psychoanalysis. the Famous querelle between two friendly enemies. - The personal relationship between the two friendly enemies Cesare Musatti and Father Agostino Gemelli (two pioneers in Italian psychology) is historically reconstructed, particularly regarding the opinions of one towards the other. Gemelli’s point of view about Freudian theory (therefore about Musatti as an orthodox Freudian) is discussed in the context of his complex personality and of his "politics" before the diffusion of psychoanalysis. Although some of Gemelli’s observations can be accepted also by contemporary critics of Freudian metapsychology (whereas Musatti was mostly attached to it), his insuperable resistances against Freudian theory are due to a fundamentally ethical reason. Musatti himself offers an enlightening synthesis of these resistances, that are discussed together with Musatti’s replies. While the barriers between the two on the subject of ethics cannot be overcome, nevertheless they still represent a topical issue in psychoanalysis.

While childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been linked to a wide range of subsequent psychological problems in women, relatively few studies have included male CSA survivors; those that have typically have been limited by small sample sizes and/or failing to take into account population-based gender differences in symptom reporting. Gold et al. (1999) is one of the few exceptions. The aim of this study was to replicate, with a larger sample, the Gold et al. (1999) study by comparing levels of psychological distress and symptomatology reported by CSA survivors, adjusting for gender-specific population base rates. The Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was administered to 282 female and 51 male CSA survivors referred to a Scottish NHS psychotherapy service. SCL-90-R scores were analysed after adjusting for population norms. Male CSA survivors reported significantly higher levels of distress and more anxious and depressive symptoms than female CSA survivors, but only after adjusting for population base rates. Five out of the six significant subscale or summary scores were identical to those found in Gold et al. (1999).

Gender Auditing e Approccio delle Capacità: Teoria e Metodologia - In this paper we propose a model of Gender Auditing (GA) inspired by Amartya Sen’s capability approach. The methodological and normative assumptions and features of the model are outlined in order to list the relevant dimensions of human development. Then, the paper proposes indicators and a simple variation of the Gender Empowerment Measure to evaluate the impact of public policies on gender issues of equal opportunities between men and women.

JEL D63, I31, J16

Keywords: Economia di Genere, Politiche Pubbliche, Capacità, Well-being

This paper draws on a longitudinal dataset of 165,515 firms that were economically active between 1997 and 2012 in Milan (Italy) to study gender dif-ferences in business survival within and between different eighteen groups, formed on the basis of the country of birth of the entrepreneurs. Kaplan-Meier estimates and piecewise-constant exponential hazard models show that, holding a set of individual and business covariates constant, the risk of business closure is always higher for female single proprietors. The highest gender differences in business survival are found among entrepreneurs born in Bangladesh, Morocco, and Sene-gal. Conversely, for female single proprietors born in Italy and China median sur-vival time and the risk of business closure are quite similar to those of their male counterparts.

L’articolo esplora i dispositivi di gender equity e le azioni per il sostegno alle carriere femminili a partire dalla review sistematica degli studi empirici sul tema dell’ultimo ventennio (2000-2020). Sono stati analizzati centodieci contributi nazionali e internazionali. Le finalità della review sono contribuire a ricostruire lo stato dell’arte degli studi nazionali e internazionali su gender equity nei workplace, segregazioni di genere e work-life balance e offrire un quadro di sintesi rispetto alle proposte di intervento e ai dispositivi di supporto alle carriere femminili. L'obiettivo è individuare traiettorie di intervento utili a sviluppare modelli culturali ed educativi validi per coltivare processi di inclusione di genere nelle organizzazioni e nei contesti di lavoro

Infertility and fertility treatments, including the use of In-Vitro Fertilization, are highly gen-dered: women are more often confronted with infertility in daily life, due to the cultural meaning of motherhood, and women also bear the major (physical) burden of treatment, even when the man is the cause of the fertility problem, which in turn affects the way women and men relate and communicate with each other during treatment trajectories. While previously most infertility studies focused on women, in the last decade the number of infertility studies including both women and men is increasing. Doing joint interviews with couples raises methodological and ethical questions, which are rarely discussed in infertility studies. In this article, I address these issues, taking as example joint interviews I did with heterosexual infertile couples, as part of an extended ethnographic study in a Dutch clinic. I discuss the advantages and disadvantages of doing joint interviews with couples facing fertility problems and argue that the joint interviews provide particularly good insight in the sensitive issues at stake in this field, which are often related to the gendered nature of infertility and its treatment. I contend that researchers should be reflexive about how joint interviews may have affected the study process and results. Further, researchers have to be aware of potential sensitive issues in joint interviews with infertile couples and ethical concerns should guide the research procedures. Suggestions to address these issues may also be useful for other areas in which couples are studied and sensitive issues are at stake.

The purpose of this review was to examine existing literature on males’ attitudes towards menstruation and how this might affect the male coach-female athlete relationship and communication in the sporting environment. Menstruation can affect a number of physiolo-gical, psychological and emotional aspects of health and performance in female athletes. Evidence suggests that men do not often discuss menstruation, and in terms of the coach-athlete relationship, this too may be the case. The impact of this is reduced performance and less than optimal progression in both training and competition. Currently, there is limited evidence looking specifically at the male coach-female athlete relationship. The evidence that is available suggests an importance that the coach is able to address the cycle with their athletes, and that male coaches in particular could benefit from improving communication with their athletes to improve both health and performance in the female athlete.

This special issue aims to contribute to the debate on gender inequalities in academia and the gender equality policies that address them. In this introduction we offer an overview of the debate and of the main research issues and theoretical perspectives, showing how a multiplicity of approaches are needed for both understanding and transforming higher education institutions. Macro, meso and micro level approaches illuminate the gendered individual, cultural and institutional factors that constrain and enable academic life, with special attention paid to how the neoliberal turn, and its organizational consequences, exacerbates gender inequalities. Women, gender, care, and intersectionality approaches allow scholars to focus on the different gendered or intersectional relationships within academia. Policy-oriented approaches allow us to analyse and assess progress in institutional efforts to close the gap on gender inequalities in academia. Actor-centred studies expose the power struggles between actors that oppose or promote gender equality policies in academia.

The relevance of the subject under consideration is due to the presence of a wide range of issues that are rarely interrelated, as well as the blurring of the concepts of personal and gender identity. This study examines gender identity and its implica-tions for gender inequalities. The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of gender identity and its modern trends of change, with a focus on how they relate to gender inequalities and sustainable development in the context of Kazakhstan. The tasks involve identifying and considering issues related to gender identity, de-veloping an original approach to understanding personal identity, tracking and an-alysing how concepts and views on gender identity are currently changing, and evaluating the ideas of young men and women about issues of gender identity. It was revealed that for a long time the identity of the individual was studied thanks to three conceptual approaches; current trends indicate that identity is changeable, not permanent; two-thirds of the men surveyed hold patriarchal beliefs regarding the family sphere; all the interviewed girls have egalitarian beliefs regarding the role of women in the development of society, career growth, leadership, leadership and much more. The results obtained shed light on the persistence of gender stere-otypes and inequalities in Kazakh society, which have implications for sustainable development.

L’articolo propone alcune considerazioni sull’etica della cura di Joan Tronto, soprattutto a partire dal suo libro Confini morali. Nella prima parte si cerca di evidenziare il contributo che gli studi di Foucault possono fornire al pensiero di Tronto; nella seconda si tenta, invece, di mettere a fuoco quelli che appaiono i punti di forza e i limiti dell’etica della cura di Tronto, soprattutto in riferimento alla sua valenza critica e al suo rapporto con la teoria democratica.