RISULTATI RICERCA

All experts agree on that a good scientific level is a requisite to maintain a sustainable and healthy economic system in a country. It has been shown by many experts that the countries lacking of a good research system have a weak and unstable economic base. On the contrary, the instauration of quality research systems has been key factors to induce economic development. On the other hand, governments need to know the results of the funds invested in research and the efficiency of the scientific policies. All these facts prompt many politicians to afford the objective of improving the scientific research in their countries or regions, and often the first thing they request is an evaluation of the research system in order to have a complete overview, determine its efficacy and its accountability and take the best decisions (Kind, 2004). At a smaller scale, deans and directors of universities and research institutions are interested in evaluate their respective research programs and performance to be able to take decisions based on the evidences. In general, the administrators of these institutions have to deal with the following questions: what resources should I apply in scientific research, in which areas, fields or problems? And, how can I measure the efficacy and the outputs of the investment? The research evaluation is a controversial issue, there is not a universally accepted standard procedure able to fit all the needs, and nowadays is getting even more difficult as the methods to publish the results are rapidly evolving towards digital formats and internet dissemination (Abramo e D’Angelo, 2011, Rodriguez-Navarro, 2012). However, there are some common points in which one can find general consensus and some evaluation models that have shown to be efficient in many different types of scenery. In this short paper we would like to show some procedures that we consider could be used for scientific production evaluation. We also indicate some common misconceptions that should be avoided. We do not pretend to write an evaluation guideline, but rather our particular opinion from our experience, particularly in the Spanish context.

In recent years, a new, literalist approach to managing the sustainability performanceof organizations has emerged, the makeup of which stands in stark contrastto the prevailing, incrementalist approach. Unlike the incrementalist approach,which is predicated on the view that progress in sustainability occurs whenevermarginal improvements in the social and environmental impacts of organizationsare made, the literalist approach takes a more rigorous stand. Under the literalistdoctrine (also known as context-based sustainability, or CBS), an organization’ssustainability performance is a function of what its social and environmental impactsare relative to specific norms, standards, or thresholds for what such impactsmust be in order to be sustainable. Here the literalist doctrine relies on the principleof sustainability context, or the general idea that sustainability performance assessmentsmust be made in light of social and ecological limits, and never withoutthem. Actual implementations of sustainability context in practice, however, arestill the exception, not the rule, mainly because generally-accepted guidelines forhow to do it do not yet exist. In response, this paper takes up the question of whatthe research and development needs and opportunities are in the field of CBS, andwhich must be addressed if moving sustainability context from the realm of theoryinto practice is to have any chance of succeeding. The authors begin by definingCBS, explaining the logic and epistemology behind it, and then continue by identifying and discussing specific issues of interest for further research and developmentin the social and environmental accounting domains.

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of the adaptation process for students with disabilities and identify factors influencing the effectiveness of their adaptation. The research was conducted at the Kyrgyz National University “J. Balasagyn” and the Kyrgyz State Technical University “I. Razzakov” from September 2023 to March 2024. The study involved 120 students with various forms of disabilities, studying in different courses and departments. The methodology included a comprehensive approach using psychodiagnostic methods, questionnaires, and structured interviews. Data analysis revealed that 68% of respondents experience difficulties in interacting with their peers. The universities involved in the study are ready to interact with students with disabilities; However, 72% of participants pointed out the insufficient accessibility of the educational environment, which complicates their social and academic adaptation. Additionally, 45% of respondents reported issues with self-esteem and confidence, which negatively affects their social activity and academic performance. A correlation was found between the level of socio-psychological adaptation and the availability of specialised support programmes at universities. Students who had access to psychological support and participated in social integration programmes demonstrated higher adaptation scores (30% higher) compared to those without such support. The research indicates that addressing the socio-psychological adaptation of this group of students requires a comprehensive approach aimed at improving their integration into the educational environment.

In the knowledge economy, corporate reputation is relevant in increasing financial and extra-financial performance of contemporary companies. Although corporate reputation represents a significant dimension of relational capital, included in the intellectual capital, its characteristics are not easy to measure in assessing company performance over the time. In this direction, the paper aims to analyze the corporate reputation as influential intangible asset of contemporary company to define its evaluation by completing the company performance measurement system. This paper uses an updated conceptualization of corporate reputation literature which focuses on the need to integrate and complete the value of company performance. Performing a literature review on corporate reputation allows us to build an adequate framework for a new, integrated and innovative way to evaluate this intangible asset in the future scientific contribution. So, the research aims to create an integrated literature framework on corporate reputation, including studies on the evaluation of corporate reputation as strategic asset, its relevance in the definition of company performance, its impact on stakeholders’ behavior.

During a decade of stagflation in the 1970s, a sea of changes on the interna-tional stage led to major macroeconomic imbalances that gave central bankers a different role in relation to governments and policy-makers. In Europe, this coin-cided with the relaunching of the project for European integration. The Italian case shows how governments and central bankers interacted in shaping adjustment strategies. The Bank of Italy had a pivotal role in shaping the country’s economic policies, relying on its capacity for economic analysis. The adjustment strategy formulated in the "Pandolfi Plan" of 1978 was conceived largely by an economist at the Bank of Italy, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa. Further developing analyses conducted jointly with Franco Modigliani the previous year, the plan focused on the macroeconomic effects of high labour costs in the wake of a full ("100% and plus") wage indexing and rising government deficits. The policy proposal revolved around a few targets, namely investments and economic growth, and an explicit principle of fairness in the labour market. The Pandolfi Plan pledged to Italy’s en-during participation in the European integration process by combining economic development with adhesion to the "European choice", which meant joining the European Monetary System (EMS). The European agreements governing EMS membership replaced the standard external economic constraints, i.e. the balance of payments and exchange rate, with a new kind of semi-legal external constraint ingrained in the governance structure of the European Community. The nature of this new semi-legal external constraint as a fiscal discipline mechanism eventually emerged more clearly with the Maastricht Treaty.

This paper addresses the residential patterns of four major ethnic minority groups in Milan, and discusses recent trends and transformations within the broader framework of housing studies and immigration in post-crisis Southern Europe. Before describing the main changes experienced in Milan in recent decades, we examine the Italian national scenario before focusing on the regional context of Lombardy. We found that the spatial distribution of immigrant populations, earlier characterized by low concentrations in some parts of the city, has been changing lately. Using Census data (2001-2011), we show that in ten years the "hotspots" of immigrant concentration had begun to expand towards the administrative boundaries of the city. Later, the paper discusses the residential patterns of Chinese, Egyptian, Filipino and Sri Lankan immigrants, which have adopted different strategies, highlighting the specificities of each ethnic group.

Il testo si interroga sul fenomeno dell’associazionismo comunitario a carattere residenziale negli Stati Uniti, di quelle aree residenziali (nel saggio indicate con Residential Private Enclaves) che, nel linguaggio comune, vengono prevalentemente definite con il termine di Gated Communities. E sono i ‘falsi miti’, le generalizzazioni errate che, nella percezione comune, proprio attorno alle Gated Communities si sono nel tempo stratificate (riducendo ai caratteri di queste un fenomeno invece ampiamente diversificato), che la prima parte del testo vuole cercare di mettere in discussione, dimostrando invece l’estrema varietà e complessità del fenomeno. Solo in questo modo, infatti, pare possibile cogliere appieno le sfide che questo modello insediativo pone alle tradizionali concezioni di città e di governo del territorio fondate sull’iniziativa pubblica, sfide sulle quali la seconda parte del saggio comincia tentativamente ad interrogarsi.