The mediating effect of the impact of quality of life on the relationship between job satisfaction and perceived stress of professional caregivers

Journal title PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE
Author/s Silvia Platania, Sabrina Castellano, Maria Cristina Petralia, Giuseppe Santisi
Publishing Year 2019 Issue 2019/1 Language Italian
Pages 20 P. 64-83 File size 320 KB
DOI 10.3280/PDS2019-001004
DOI is like a bar code for intellectual property: to have more infomation click here

Below, you can see the article first page

If you want to buy this article in PDF format, you can do it, following the instructions to buy download credits

Article preview

FrancoAngeli is member of Publishers International Linking Association, Inc (PILA), a not-for-profit association which run the CrossRef service enabling links to and from online scholarly content.

The work of professional caregivers is characterized by stress events that can negatively affect the perceived quality of life, thus reducing the efficacy of the professional service. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the stress perceived by professional caregivers, who are exposed to stressing events, and their career’s duration on some parameters of professional satisfaction (compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress e burnout) in workers exposed. We also verified if the subjectively perceived quality of life affects the relationship between the stress and the professional satisfaction. 321 professional caregivers (130 man, 40.5%; 191 woman, 59.5%) were recruited in both public and private clinics. The following tools were used: ProQoL, Mesure du Stress Psychologique e Satisfac-tion With Life Scale. Results demonstrated that the quality of life perceived by professional caregivers affects their stress management ability, thus highlighting the need to improve both their overall wellbeing and the patients’ compliance.

Keywords: Caregiver, health professions, stress, compassion satisfaction, quality with life

  1. Adelman R.D., Tmanova L.L., Delgado D., Dion S. and Lachs M.S. (2014). Caregiver burden: a clinical review, JAMA, 311 (10): 1052-6.
  2. Arbuckle J.L. and Wothke W. (1999). AMOS 4.0 user’s guide. Chicago, IL: SmallWaters.
  3. Diener E., Oishi S. and Lucas R.E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54: 403-425.
  4. Diener E., Sandvik E., Seidlitz L. and Diener M. (1993). The relationship between income subjective well-being: Relative or absolute? Social Indicators Research, 28: 195-223. DOI: 10.1007/BF0107901
  5. Duarte J. (2017). Professional quality of life in nurses: Contribution for the validation of the Portuguese version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 (ProQOL-5). Análise Psicológica, 35 (4): 529-542.
  6. Fiabane E., Giorgi I., Sguazzin C. and Argentero P. (2013). Work engagement and occupational stress in nurses and other healthcare workers: The role of organisational and personal factors. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(17/18): 2614-2624.
  7. Field A. (2000). Discovering statistics using spss for windows. London-Thousand Oaks-New Delhi: Sage Publications.
  8. Field A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: SAGE.
  9. Figley C.R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: Toward a new understanding of the costs of caring. In Stamm B.H. (ed.), Secondary traumatic stress: Self-care issues for clinicians, researchers, and educators. Baltimore, MD, US: The Sidran Press, pp. 3-28.
  10. Figley C.R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. New York, NY: Brunnwe-Maze.
  11. Figley C.R. and Roop R.G. (2006). Compassion Fatigue in the Animal-Care Community. Washington: Humane Society Press.
  12. Francis R. (2013). Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust public inquiry. London, England: The Stationary Office.
  13. George D. and Mallery M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  14. Giannetti E. e Tesi A. (2016). Benessere lavorativo in operatori sociali: le richieste e le risorse lavorative e personali emerse da una indagine esplorativa [Working well-being in social workers: requests and work and personal resources emerged from an exploratory survey]. Psicologia della Salute, 2: 5-26. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2016-00200
  15. Given C.W., Given B., Stommel M., Collins C., King S. and Franklin S. (1992). The Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) for Caregivers to persons with chronic physical and mental impairments. Research in Nursing and Health, 15: 271-83.
  16. Gravetter F. and Wallnau L. (2014). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  17. Hacker E.D. (2010). Technology and quality of life outcomes. Seminar in Oncology Nursing, 26 (1): 47-58.
  18. Halpern J. (2016). Maintaining helper wellness and competence in a shared trauma reality. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 5(1): 38.
  19. Han K., Trinkoff A. M. and Geiger-Brown J. (2014). Factors associated with work-related fatigue and recovery in hospital nurses working 12- hour shifts. Workplace Health & Safety, 62 (10): 409-414. DOI: 10.3928/21650799-20140826-0
  20. Hayes A. F. and Scharkow M. (2013). The relative trustworthiness of tests of indirect effects in statistical mediation analysis. Does method really matter? Psychological Science, 24: 1918-1927. DOI: 10.1177/095679761348018
  21. Higginson I.J. and Carr A.J. (2001). Measuring quality of life: using quality of life measures in the clinical setting. British Medical Journal, 322(7297): 1297-1300.
  22. Koinis A., Giannou V., Drantaki V., Angelaina S., Stratou E. and Saridi M. (2015). The Impact of Healthcare Workers Job Environment on Their Mental-emotional Health. Coping Strategies: The Case of a Local General Hospital. Health Psychology Research, 3 (1): 1984.
  23. Lee Y. and Seomun G. (2016). Role of compassion competence among clinical nurses in professionalquality of life. International Nursing Review 63: 381-387.
  24. Lemyre L., Tessier R. and Fillion L. (1990). Mesure du stress psychologique MSP [Measuring psychological stress M.S.P]. Brossard-Québec: Behaviora.
  25. Litta R. (2013). Il caregiver: Ruolo, rischi, supporto [The caregiver: Role, risks, support]. In Bonino S. (a cura di), Aspetti psicologici nella sclerosi multipla, [Psychological aspects in multiple sclerosis]. Milano: Springer.
  26. Marcelli S., Antinori G., Rocchi R., Di Tuccio S., Giuli C., Postacchini D., Rasetti C., Gregorini M., Iustini M. e Santarelli A. (2015). Il burden of care dei caregivers formali e il relative stress scale: le risposte umane di badanti e figure terze [The burden of care of formal caregivers and related stress scales: the human responses of carers and third parties] Geriatria, 27(1-2): 15-20.
  27. Mardia K.V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57: 519-530. DOI: 10.2307/233477
  28. Maslach C. and Leiter M.P. (2000). Burnout e organizzazione. Modificare i fattori strutturali della demotivazione al lavoro [Burnout and organization. Change the structural factors of demotivation at work]. Trento: Erickson.
  29. Mauri A., Tomas M., Ongaro G. e Riccato O. (2018). Benessere percepito e pratiche mindfulness in pazienti ospedalieri [Perceived well-being and mindfulness practices in hospital patients]. Psicologia della salute, 1: 146-159. DOI: 10.3280/PDS2018-00100
  30. Niero M. e Bertin G. (a cura di) (2012). Vulnerabilità e fragilità sociale. Una teoria delle disuguaglianze di salute. [Vulnerability and social fragility. A theory of health inequalities]. Milano: Franco Angeli.
  31. Nobili G, Massaia M, Isaia G, Cappa G, Pilon S, Mondino S, Mondino S., Bo M. e Isaia C.G. (2011) Valutazione dei bisogni del caregiver di pazienti affetti da demenza: esperienza in una unità di valutazione Alzheimer [Evaluation of the caregiver’s needs of dementia patients: experience in an Alzheimer assessment unit]. Giornale di Gerontologia, 59: 71-74.
  32. Nuzzo M.D., Scarafiotti C., Raspo S., Bonati A. e Pregliasco F. (2012). Motivazione lavorativa e stress del caregiver formale in RSA [Working motivation and stress of professional caregivers in nursing homes]. Giornale di Gerontologia, 60: 28-35.
  33. Khamisa N., Peltzer K., Ilic D. and Oldenburg B. (2017). Effect of personal and work stress on burnout, job satisfaction and general health of hospital nurses in South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid, 22: 252-258.
  34. Joreskög K.G. and Sörbom D. (1984). LISREL VI user’s guide (3rd ed.). Mooresville: Scientific Software.
  35. Jang I., Kim Y. and Kim K. (2016). Professionalism and professional quality of life for oncology nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25(19-20): 2835-2845.
  36. James L.R., Mulaik S.A. and Brett J.M. (2006). A tale of two methods. Organizational Research Methods, 9: 233-244. DOI: 10.1177/109442810528514
  37. Hinderer K.A., VonRueden K.T., Friedmann E., McQuillan K.A., Gilmore R., Kramer B. and Murray M. (2014). Burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress in trauma nurses. Journal of Trauma Nursing, 21(4): 160-169.
  38. Diener E., Oishi S. and Lucas R.E. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In Snyder C.R. and Lopez S.J. (eds.), The handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 63-73.
  39. Diener E., Emmons R.A., Larsen R.J. and Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49: 71-75.
  40. Di Nuovo S., Rispoli L. e Genta E. (2000). Misurare lo stress. Il test MSP e altri strumenti per una valutazione integrata [Measure stress. The MSP test and other tools for integrated evaluation]. Milano: Franco Angeli/Linea test.
  41. Deighton R.M., Gurris N. and Traue H. (2007). Factors affecting burnout and compassion fatigue in psychotherapists treating torture survivors: is the therapist’s attitude to working through trauma relevant? Journal Trauma Stress, 20 (1): 63-75.
  42. Cummins R.A., (2005). Moving from the quality of life concept to a theory. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10): 699-706.
  43. Craven R.F. and Hirnle C.J., (2013). Principi fondamentali dell’assistenza infermieristica [Fundamental principles of nursing care], edizione italiana a cura di Nebuloni G. Milano: Casa editrice Ambrosiana.
  44. Clarke C.L. (1999). Family care-giving for people with dementia: some implications for policy and professional practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29: 712-20.
  45. Carr A.J., Thompson P.W. and Kirwan J.R. (1996). Quality of life measures. British Journal of Rheumatology, 35 (3): 275-281.
  46. Sprang G., Clark J.J. and Whitt-Woosley A. (2007). Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction, and Burnout: Factors Impacting a Professional’s Quality of Life. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 12: 259-280. DOI: 10.1080/1532502070123809
  47. Stamm B.H. (2002). Measuring Compassion Satisfaction as Well as Fatigue: Developmental History of the Compassion Fatigue and. Satisfaction Test. In Figley C.R. (ed.), Treating Compassion Fatigue. New York: Brunner/Mazel, pp. 107-119.
  48. Stamm B.H. (2005). The professional quality of life scale: Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue/secondary trauma scales. Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press.
  49. Stamm B.H. (2008), The ProQOL Test Manual, 2nd Ed. Towson, Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press.
  50. Stamm B.H. (2009). The concise manual for the professional quality of life scale: the ProQOL. Pocatello, ID: ProQOL.org.
  51. Stamm B.H., Figley C.R. and Figley K.R. (2010). Provider Resiliency: A Train-the-Trainer Mini Course on Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue. Quebeque, Canada: International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
  52. Steiger J.H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25: 214-12.
  53. Theofilou P. (2013). Quality of Life: definition and measurement. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 9 (1): 150-162.
  54. Tol A., Tavassoli E., Shariferad G. R. and Shojaeezadeh D. (2013). Health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life among undergraduate students at school of health, Isfahan university of medical sciences. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2: 11. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9531.10800
  55. Trochim W. M. and Donnelly J. P. (2006). The research methods knowledge base (3rd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Atomic Dog.
  56. Van der Cingel M. (2014). Compassion: The missing link in quality of care. Nurse Education Today, 34:1253–1257.
  57. Veenhoven R. (2014). Quality of Life (QOL), an Overview. In: Michalos A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Dordrecht: Springer.
  58. WHOQOL (1995). The World health organization quality of life assessment, Position paper from the World health organization, Social science and medicine, 41(10): 1405.
  59. Yadollahi M., Razmjooei A., Jamali K, Niakan M.H. and Ghahramani Z. (2016). The Relationship Between Professional Quality of Life (ProQol) and General Health in Rajaee Trauma Hospital Staff of Shiraz, Iran, Shiraz. E-Med Journal, 17 (9): 1-5.
  60. Yu H., Jiang A. and Shen J. (2016). Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57: 28-38.
  61. Buscemi A., Rapisarda A., Platania S., Maida F., Brancat D., Petralia M.C., Di Nuovo S., Salvatore G., Caldarella L., Blandino M.G., Grillo G., Barbagallo G., Coco O., Perciavalle V., Perciavalle V., Armenia G., Coco M. (2016). The woman in pregnancy: Body care by knowing of alternative medicine. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 32(4): 953-958. DOI: 10.19193/0393-6384_2016_4_11
  62. Byrne B.M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. New York: Erlbaum, Mahwah.
  63. Brown J.L.C., Ong J., Mathers J.M. and Decker J.T. (2017). Compassion fatigue and mindfulness: comparing mental health professionals and MSW student interns. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 14 (3): 119-30. DOI: 10.1080/23761407.2017.1302859
  64. Bride B.E., Radey M. and Figley C.R. (2007). Measuring Compassion Fatigue. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35: 155-163.
  65. Bray L., O’Brien M.R., Kirton J., Zubairu K. and Christiansen A. (2014). The role of professional education in developing compassionate practitioners: A mixed methods study exploring the perceptions of health professionals and pre-registration students. Nurse Education Today, 34 (3): 480-486.
  66. Bovier P.A. and Perneger T.V. (2004). Predictors of work satisfaction among physicians. European Journal of Public Health, 13: 299-305.
  67. Bollen K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: John Wiley.
  68. Bevans M. F., and Sternberg E. M. (2012). Caregiving Burden, Stress, and Health Effects Among Family Caregivers of Adult Cancer Patients. Jama, 307(4): 398-403.
  69. Bentler P.M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107: 238-246.
  70. Barcaccia B., Esposito G., Matarese M., Bertolaso M., Elvira M. and De Marinis M.G. (2013). Defining Quality of Life: A Wild-Goose Chase? Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 9 (1): 185-203.
  71. Aviely H., Ben-David S. and Levy I. (2015). Predicting professional quality of life among professional and volunteer caregivers. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, & Policy, 8(1): 80-87.
  72. Orlandini A. (2007). L’esperienza emotiva degli operatori di fronte alla violenza. Traumatizzazione secondaria e trauma da tradimento: chi traumatizza chi? Relazione presentata al convegno La Prevenzione della Violenza contro le donne [The emotional experience of the operators facing violence. Secondary trauma and betrayal trauma: who traumatizes who? Report presented at the conference The Prevention of Violence against Women], La Salle (AO), 18-19 Maggio.
  73. Palestini L., Prati G., Pietrantoni L. e Cicognani E. (2009). La qualità della vita professionale nel lavoro di soccorso: un contributo alla validazione italiana della Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) [The quality of professional life in the rescue work: a contribution to the Italian validation of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL)]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 15(2): 205-227.
  74. Papadopoulos I. and Ali S. (2016). Measuring compassion in nurses and other healthcare professionals: An integrative review. Nurse Education Practice, 16 (1): 133-139.
  75. Pavor W. G., and Diener E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5: 164-172. DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.16
  76. Pearlman L.A. and Caringi J. (2009). Living and working self-reflectively to address vicarious trauma. In Courtois C.A. and Ford J.D. (eds.), Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 202-224.
  77. Petralia M.C., Coco M., Ramaci T., Minissale C., Concetta D.P., D’Orto G., Maria S.B., Donato E., Maniaci M., Commodari E., Di Nuovo S., Perciavalle V., Di Corrado D., Guarnera M., Pirrone C., Castellano S., Platania S., Ramaci T., Bellomo M., Maggio C., Sehili A., Coco Lucio S.G., Napolitano S., Ascione A., Perciavalle V., Buscemi A. (2018). Successfully aging. Choice of life or life that choices? Acta Medica Mediterranea, 34 (1): 1197-1201.
  78. Platania S., Gruttadauria S., Citelli G., Giambrone L. e Di Nuovo S. (2017) Associations of Thalassemia Major and satisfaction with quality of life: The mediating effect of social support. Health Psychology Open, 4(2): 1-9. DOI: 10.1177/205510291774205
  79. Robinson B.C. (2005). Exploring Career Satisfaction, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue as Indicators of the Quality of Career Engagement of Public School Educators. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Counseling, Rehabilitation Counseling, and Counseling Psychology.
  80. Rossi A., Cetrano G., Pertile R., Rabbi L., Donisi V., Grigoletti L., Curtolo C., Tansella M., Thornicroft G. and Amaddeo F. (2012). Burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction among staff in community-based mental health services. Psychiatry Research, 200 (2-3): 933-938.
  81. Schermelleh-Engel K., Moosbrugger H. and Muller H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and goodness-of-fit models. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8: 23-74.
  82. Shrout P.E. and Bolger N. (2002). Mediation in Experimental and Non experimental Studies: New Procedures and Recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7 (4): 422-445 DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.42
  83. Sinclair S., Norris J.M., McConnell S.J., Chochinov H.M., Hack T.F., Hagen N.A., McClement S. and Bouchal S.R. (2016). Compassion: a scoping review of the healthcare literature. BMC Palliative Care. 15: 6-20.
  84. Sirgy M., Michalos A., Ferriss A., Easterlin R., Patrick D. and Pavot W. (2006). The Quality-of-Life (QOL) Research Movement: Past, Present, and Future. Social Indicators Research, 76 (3): 343-466. -- Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27522565

  • Health Occupation and Job Satisfaction: The Impact of Psychological Capital in the Management of Clinical Psychological Stressors of Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Era Pasquale Caponnetto, Silvia Platania, Marilena Maglia, Martina Morando, Stefania Valeria Gruttadauria, Roberta Auditore, Caterina Ledda, Venerando Rapisarda, Giuseppe Santisi, in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health /2022 pp.6134
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106134
  • The Effect of Psychosocial Safety Climate on Engagement and Psychological Distress: A Multilevel Study on the Healthcare Sector Silvia Platania, Martina Morando, Alice Caruso, Vittorio Edoardo Scuderi, in Safety /2022 pp.62
    DOI: 10.3390/safety8030062
  • Dispositional Resilience as Mediator in Psychological Stress on Healthcare Workers: A Multi-Group Analysis of Frontline and Non-Frontline Workers Silvia Platania, Stefania Valeria Gruttadauria, Martina Morando, in European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education /2022 pp.1285
    DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12090089
  • Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Italian Version of the Job Satisfaction Scale Silvia Platania, Pasquale Caponnetto, Martina Morando, Marilena Maglia, Roberta Auditore, Giuseppe Santisi, in European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education /2021 pp.1073
    DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030080

Silvia Platania, Sabrina Castellano, Maria Cristina Petralia, Giuseppe Santisi, L’effetto mediatore dell’impatto della qualità della vita nella relazione tra qualità di vita professionale e stress percepito dei caregiver formali in "PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE" 1/2019, pp 64-83, DOI: 10.3280/PDS2019-001004