RISULTATI RICERCA

La finalità del presente articolo consiste nel tentativo di dimostrare quali sono stati gli effetti prodotti dagli enti autorizzati nell’ambito dell’adozione internazionale e sull’esito della stessa, in seguito all’introduzione della L. 476/98 di Ratifica ed esecuzione della Convenzione de L’Aja volta a tutelare il superiore interesse del minore. Viene presentata un’indagine qualitativa condotta intervistando un gruppo di operatori di alcuni enti autorizzati e che ha avuto l’obiettivo principale di valutare gli indicatori di rischio legati ai fallimenti e i fattori di protezione delle adozioni portate a termine in seguito all’entrata in vigore della nuova normativa in materia di adozione internazionale. I risultati mostrano un’evidente convergenza con la letteratura più recente in merito al ruolo giocato dalle coppie adottanti, alle difficoltà di dialogo dei diversi soggetti istituzionali coinvolti nell’iter adottivo. Tra i fattori di protezione si può certamente annoverare il contributo degli enti autorizzati come potenziale risorsa dell’intero sistema.

In questo articolo vengono presentati per la prima volta in forma completa i dati relativi a 58 pazienti di area psicotica (32 schizofrenici e 26 con psicosi non schizofreniche) trattati da Mara Selvini Palazzoli e dalle sue équipe negli anni ’70-’80. Tali dati vengono confrontati con i risultati ottenuti dagli stessi terapeuti e negli stessi anni con una popolazione di anoressiche gravi e non gravi. Il modello sistemico mostra un’interessante efficacia con tutte le anoressie e con le psicosi non schizofreniche, mentre si dimostra inefficace nel trattamento delle schizofrenie. Le diverse varianti del modello sistemico vengono definite e confrontate. Infine viene proposta una nuova variante familiare-individuale del protocollo sistemico per il trattamento dei pazienti gravi, la cui efficacia sarà oggetto di future ricerche.

Una delle caratteristiche della terapia familiare cognitivo-comportamentale è la ristrutturazione degli schemi. I terapeuti cognitivo-comportamentali definiscono gli schemi come strutture cognitive che organizzano il pensiero e la percezione e che hanno un’influenza pregnante sulle emozioni e sui comportamenti. Il presente articolo esamina il ruolo degli schemi nel conflitto familiare e gli interventi specifici utilizzati per la loro ristrutturazione nel corso del trattamento. Vengono inoltre evidenziati i concetti di attribuzioni, assunti e norme familiari, nonché il ruolo che essi svolgono in terapia, come pure le dinamiche familiari globali. Viene anche suggerita una serie di passi per agevolare il processo di analisi degli schemi e di ristrutturazione del pensiero nel corso della terapia familiare in modo da facilitare un cambiamento permanente.

Consumption has always been made of material things. On an archetypal level, it is possession; and possession presupposes something tangible. It was like this until a few years ago, before that new forms and structural components of consumption started moving away from their original physical dimension and losing portions of materiality. With Internet, the entire consumption process has become virtual. Both society and economy, which are becoming virtual as well, find in the Web not only a natural sphere of development, but also an opportunity to test innovative models. Models that rely on the absence or reduction of the most important traits of consumer materiality.

This paper deals with experience as an immaterial aspect of consumption action and as a typical trait of contemporary society. First of all, it aims at exploring the uses of the concept of ‘experience’ in the tourist sector, which has characteristics that are suitable for an analysis from such a viewpoint. It thus examines how experience is regarded in tourist studies, from both a modern and postmodern perspective; and it reviews the applications of theories on experience that are brought in tourism by other disciplines, i.e. psychology and economics. In the second place, it intends to discuss the applicability of the concept of ‘consumption experience’ as developed by consumer researchers, by investigating the specificities of the construct as well as highlighting its limits.

New luxury is not related to status symbol anymore, but to values characterized by self-referred meanings. It appears, therefore, as the sublimation of individual choices directed to one’s fulfilment. Two different dynamics of luxury emerge. One, downward, is focussed on the esthetic/emotional valorisation of commodities and is addressed to a wide range of consumers, even though for sporadic purchases. The other, upward, is a synonym of exceptional and tailor made goods, as well as handcrafts masterpieces, and is a privilege of an extremely narrow target. A qualitative analysis of advertising campaigns shows that the communication strategies of a traditional market such as jewellery has embraced new languages and values, after considering emergent behaviours and targets, especially young people and men.

Historically, design has expressed itself having a concrete and stable physical consistency of objects as objective. This planning attitude corresponds to an aspiration to stability and immutability. An aspiration that belongs to a world developed within models of mechanic culture, and that appears out-of-date because of the revolution represented by electronics and virtuality, which has generated a symbolic propension towards immateriality. This process starts from the search for an autonomous identity of surface of industrial objects, and comes to new values, which have to be assigned to the transparency of the object.

It is not limited to factories anymore, but it has occupied the area of consumption and, above all, the dimension of imagery. Brands are undergoing a double transformation: the spreading of manufacturing on a global level and the capitalistic subsumption of both consumption and imagery. The production scale of brands is changing as well, for the reason that areas such as China and India are making the scene as vertical weaving factory and horizontal spaces of worldwide consumption. A new work division is thus created, where areas and districts of small enterprises are competing internationally. Trough the dynamic of districts it is possible to measure the issues stated previously and therefore to evaluate if transnationality can be faced, managed, and produced according to the product lifecycle as realized by districts.

The brand plays an important role in the relationships between imagery and everyday life. Until the ’80s it was a power instrument of imprinting new contents on consumer experiences, with seductive language. From the ’90s, the brand has been changing its nature and its project: it has been bringing, in its semantic space, new meanings coming from everyday life. The brand, therefore, has begun just like a semantic commutator that converts authentic meanings into new forms of communication. Through the instrument of tribal marketing, it extracts authenticity from sub-cultural lifestyles and converts it into a new form of advertising. In this complex cultural texture, brand embedding depends on the basic language it uses to communicate its world: a rhetoric that mainly works according to the logic figure of metonymy.