SEARCH RESULTS

This paper aims to investigate whether and how enterprise risk management (ERM) quality may be influenced by national culture. Using a sample of 105 banks from 21 countries over the period of 2013-2020, we document that power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation are significantly associated with ERM quality. Our research contributes to the existing risk literature by highlighting how the dimensions of national culture impact ERM quality. The article also discusses how the cultural dimensions of a national culture embedded in the organizational values can influence the quality of bank’s risk management processes. This study helps banking regulators by providing a clear picture of how an informal institution, such as national culture, contributes to explaining differences in the quality of ERM implementation.

Starting from the 1990s, the New Public Management (NPM) has been the most inspiring principle of public sector reforms in Europe. The Higher Education (HE) sector is among the different fields in which the implementation of NPM reforms have been controversial. Based on the NPM framework, most HE reforms have focused on enhancing universities’ accountability and transparency through performance measurement and performance management (Rabovsky, 2014; Rebora and Turri, 2011). The effects of the implementation of this "calculative technologies" is, however, still under investigated (Arnaboldi et al., 2016). Using documentary analysis as research methodology, this paper investigates implementation trajectories of performance management system (PMS) in Italian universities (Marchi, 2015). Specifically, this is a longitudinal documentary analysis and it offers the results from a content analysis of the Performance Plan (PP) and the Performance Report (PR) of 66 Italian Universities in two periods, i.e. 2016 and 2018. Furthermore, the longitudinal documentary analysis adopts the matrix from a previous study (Dal Molin et al., 2017), which matches the "quality of PMS" and the "expected use of PMS". The main objective of this study is to investigate if the "implementation gap" (Ongaro and Valotti, 2008) highlighted in previous studies (e.g. Dal Molin et al., 2017) has been fulfilled and in which elements it is possible to observe such improvement. As main result, the study shows that the implementation gap is still strongly present, from 2012 until now, and a formal compliance with the law still persists (Allini et al., 2020). There are areas of improvement related to external accountability and compliance, however, this is not supported by an internal use based on internal accountability (Tieghi et al., 2018).

L’ambito delle missioni internazionali ha modificato la dimensione dell’ethos militare, introducendo elementi (es. tutela dei diritti umani) non espressamente previsti in Costituzione. Dal punto di vista filosofico, occorre comprendere se si tratti di espressioni etiche affatto nuove, ovvero di un ampliamento di valori-base già presenti nella tradizione militare nazionale. Dal punto di vista filosofico-giuridico, occorre comprenderne gli effetti nel quadro della regolazione vigente (nomos): codice, regolamenti, giustizia militare. L’articolo tenta una breve analisi di questa complessità a partire da alcuni luoghi caratteristici (sacralità della funzione difensiva, gerarchia e disciplina, spirito di corpo, onore, eroismo), affrontando poi la questione delle norme costituzionali e dell’attuale percezione dello status miliare.

Il saggio è dedicato all’analisi delle posizioni giuridiche soggettive del militare in servizio, da vagliare in rapporto ai limiti del potere decisionale dei superiori gerarchici. Si distinguono posizioni di diritto soggettivo ad esercizio condizionato e posizioni di interesse legittimo, oltre ad interessi di mero fatto. La qualificazione è necessaria al fine di stabilire la profondità del sindacato del giudice amministrativo sul contenuto delle decisioni. Sulla base della casistica esaminata, si formulano alcune considerazioni finali sulle caratteristiche del sindacato. Si reputa che l’attuale disciplina, per quanto finalizzata a garantire l’efficienza degli apparati militari, non sia del tutto coerente con i principi desumibili dagli artt. 24, 52 e 97 Cost.

European Defence projects have coexisted in the same geopolitical space. While the latter carries with it the preservation of the transatlantic link between nations of the old and the new world, and guarantees the principle of solidarity in the event of aggression of one of its members, the first one defines itself as a "global" organization capable of dealing not only with defence issues, but also and above all, of bringing together in its organization countries sharing the same European space around economic prosperity. Are these two institutions nevertheless today competitors or partners of the European defence project? This is what this article attempts to answer.

L’articolo ricostruisce i rapporti tra sicurezza e difesa, sottolineandone le differenti origini storiche e gli attuali profili di convergenza. A partire dall’analisi delle principali disposizioni costituzionali ed europee in materia, e delle differenti dimensioni ricollegate a tali concetti giuridici, vengono approfondite le più recenti tendenze evolutive nei rapporti tra sicurezza e difesa, anche alla luce delle attuali sfide sul piano globale (terrorismo internazionale, gestione delle crisi umanitarie, emergenza pandemica ed ambientale). Tale processo di convergenza può trovare nel concetto di "sicurezza nazionale" un primo approdo, anche alla luce della giurisprudenza costituzionale ed europea, oltre che dell’evoluzione che gli stessi servizi di sicurezza hanno avuto con la riforma attuata dalla legge n. 124/2007.

The article provides a critical analysis of the evolution of the Italian migrant reception system following the 2014 "refugee crisis". The aim is to demonstrate how the touted goal of discouraging so-called "bogus asylum seekers" or "fraudulent economic migrants" has been used to institutionalize the Emergency Reception Centres (CAS) as the ordinary place to host asylum seekers, while the ordinary reception system has been greatly weakened. Furthermore, this process to institutionalize the CASs has been accompanied by the progressive distancing of the regulations for these facilities from the decentralized and dispersed model sought in the ordinary reception system. The reflection is based on a comparative analysis of the tendering procedures to allocate the emergency reception services drawn up by the Prefectures of Florence, Siena and Arezzo between 2015 and 2019. This analysis is divided into three phases. The first refers to the years 2015-2017, when the CAS system was mainly regulated by ministerial circulars. The second phase analyses the period following the issuing of the Ministerial Decree of 7 March 2017 which introduced specific and more detailed regulations for these facilities for the first time. The final phase concentrates on the entry into force of Law no. 132/2018, which transformed the SPRAR system into SIPROIMI, and the Ministerial Decree of 20 November 2018 which modified the CAS system again.

L’articolo è il prodotto di un’indagine etnografica sviluppata sul territorio di confine della Frontera Sur, che separa l’Africa dall’Europa. L’etnografia è stata condotta sui due lati della frontiera, in Marocco e a Ceuta (Spagna), e ha riguardato l’osservazione e la partecipazione alla vita nei campi di sopravvivenza, di azione e di reclusione di un gruppo di migranti subsahariani in viaggio. Attraverso una metodologia etnografica di raccolta di storie di vita e di viaggio sono stati analizzati i discorsi e le pratiche elaborate dai migranti con lo scopo di pensare e agire lo spazio violento del confine: attraversamenti del muro frontaliero, superamento dei dispositivi di controllo e pratiche di vita negli spazi confinanti. I discorsi dei soggetti e il racconto comune dell’avventura migratoria hanno permesso di far emergere la presenza sociale e politica delle soggettività. Questa presenza è espressa dal grido Boza: categoria emica che permette ai migranti di significare l’agire dinamico, denso e mirato alla riuscita migratoria.

Drawing on fieldwork among refugees and asylum seekers in Northern Italy, this article examines how local policies of exclusion and the resulting accentuation on a system of stratification in the Italian northern border zone of South Tyrol target the exclusion of particular groups of refugees. In doing so, it indicates concrete policies of exclusion and exclusionary practices against refugees and potential asylum seekers in the Italian northern border zone. To manage and control mixed mi-gration flows, local authorities have extended the system of civic stratification in the province by denying fundamental rights to a particular group of refugees. The article adopts a qualitative research approach. Two research methods have been used to understand the complex research settings: semi-structured interviews with different actors operating in the research field and document analysis. The results of the analyses underline the importance of linking the labelling process with a broader discussion on civic stratification as a potential framework to understand a system of inequality based on the relationship between specific categories of individuals and local authorities and the rights denied by them.

The authors present an analysis of the History and Geography textbooks that were the most used in Italian secondary schools in the school year 2016-2017, aimed at investigating immigrant representation and migrations through images and texts. Indeed, textbooks are a kind of media that can impact on the public discourse while presenting a certain vision of society to those that are becoming the future citizens, conveying - explicitly and implicitly - value systems. In this sense, they can act as tools to build support for power or cultural resistance, an aspect that is reflected in the so called "Didactic Transposition Delay", which helps to understand the relationship between knowledge and values. Given their "political" nature, albeit cloaked in an institutional authority, it is important to reflect on this type of media in a critical manner, particularly with respect to the promotion of discrimination and stereotypes. Among the findings of the study, a narrative predominantly describing migrants as "victims" and as a resource (especially eco-nomic) for the country of destination, albeit not lacking representation in terms of problems, while barely making room for the subject of human rights. At the same time, the images convey a representation that is predominantly "male", tending to "veil" the presence of women, contrary to the data, but with certain elements which the authors consider as developments with respect to previous studies.

Le recenti iniziative di rivendicazione politica dei migranti evidenziano episodi di cittadinanza dal basso, all’interno dei quali è possibile osservare la presenza di movimenti collettivi o reti associative, quali, per esempio, Project20k e No Borders; ciò sembra rilevare una sovrapposizione tra aspetti volontaristici e aspetti relativi specificamente all’attivismo politico, prefigurando casi di cittadinanza mediata (Ambrosini, 2020a; Bartolotta, 2015). È possibile studiare questi casi attraverso il modello di attivismo prosociale, inteso come quella pluralità di forme attraverso le quali i cittadini si uniscono al fine di sostenere categorie sociali vulnerabili (Moro, 2010). Il presente lavoro mira ad analizzare tali processi di azione collettiva attraverso studi di caso di alcune reti di attivismo in difesa dei diritti dei migranti presenti in Sicilia, all’interno delle quali sono state condotte delle brevi campagne di interviste non strutturate rivolte ai membri del direttivo.