RISULTATI RICERCA

Le discipline sanitarie e le scienze sociali hanno descritto in maniere diverse le perdite in gravidanza. L’arte, con i propri linguaggi, ha catturato le emozioni vissute dalle coppie. Questo volume mette insieme queste diverse prospettive attraverso contributi che riflettono sulle perdite perinatali da un punto di vista storico, antropologico, medico, psicologico e statistico, rappresentando le esperienze di perdita anche attraverso la poesia e la fotografia.

The search for a composition between plurality and unity of psychology is developed here by articulating a reflection on three points concerning: the origins of the phenomenon of compartmentalization that can be traced back to a dual configuration - plural and fragmented - of psychology; characteristics that are connected but not coincidental; the acceptability of a trans-disciplinary approach to design a composition of psychology that respects its plural articulation; the choice of the area of health as the elective phenomenical field to test the possibility of composing the plurality and unity of psychology starting from a trans-disciplinary approach.

The paper presents an innovative approach to cropping scheme classification based on fad n data with two main goals. First, the identification at the regional level (NUTS 2) of land use patterns common to similar farms defined ‘group cropping scheme’. Second, the farm-level construction of farm cropping schemes, which expand the observed crop mix and identify suitable variation ranges considering the farm production context. The schemes are based on the observed behaviour of homogeneous farms and capture their common structural characteristics regarding land use.The schemes can be used at the territorial scale to analyse landuse trends and patterns over time. At the farm level, the method is designed to analyse short-term adaptations and is suitable to be used, together with other data, in mathematical programming models to run policy analysis exercises. At this latter scale, crop substitution within a scheme allows the set of eligible crops to be expanded while remaining linked to the observed behaviour on a spatial basis.The paper applies the methodology to identify and quantify the cropping schemes using FADN data on Italian farms specialising in annual field crops. An algorithm implemented in gams automates the process. Results confirm the validity of the method and open a field of research for future applications.

This empirical study examined generational cohort differences in perceptions of youth offending. Based on own-group bias, it was hypothesised that younger participants would be more tolerant of youth crime than the older generation, which would be shown by attitudes in favour of more lenient sentencing of offenders. Predicated on attribution theory, it was hypothesised that the provision of mitigating information about the offender would change individual’s attitudes, and in turn, behaviour towards the offender leading to less draconian sentencing. Sixty participants, divided into four groups (2 groups of 15 aged 18-24 year olds; 2 groups of 15 aged over 40) allocated appropriate sentences to offenders depicted in ten short vignettes, half were offences against the person and the remaining five were crimes against property. One younger and one older group of participants received vignettes depicting the bare facts of the offence and offender; the other two groups (one young, one older) had additional information on background of the offender. While there were no main effects of age or task, both groups viewed crimes against the person more seriously than those against property. Without additional information older participants were more punitive than younger participants as predicted by the theory of own-group bias. However, younger participants were less swayed by mitigating information than their older counterparts, with the latter awarding more lenient when such information was provided. Mitigating information about a youth offender did affect sentencing options but not with the younger participants. This has implications for the composition of juries in youth offender trials.

This study explores the attitudes and perceptions of preservice teachers regarding applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence, with particular reference to ChatGPT and their use in school. Functional elements emerge for professors, teachers’ trainers, instructional designers. There is interest and appreciation of the potential, caution in considering use in the classroom, and incomplete awareness of the specific characteristics. The ability to adapt texts  is not perceived. Instead, confidence emerges in the reliability of the results when searching for information with the disbelief that they can be alternative tools to traditional search engines. The participants agree on the need for systematic and widespread training, which should involve preservice teachers, in-service teachers, and students.

Il contributo teorico-clinico di riflessione sulla generatività e la maternità pre-senta delle situazioni cliniche in cui appare possibile elaborare un’assenza di desi-derio di maternità e storie di maternità automatiche che, troppo spesso soggette a dictat culturali ed agìte nell’inattuabilità di uno spazio di pensiero individuale e di coppia, rischiano di riflettersi sullo sviluppo infantile. La riflessione sulla pos-sibile incidenza, nella relazione primaria, della non accettazione del conflitto e dell’ambivalenza nel desiderio di maternità, suggerisce una lettura psicodinamica di un fenomeno a cui, in quanto rivendicazione di un diritto di non procreazione, fa paradossalmente da contraltare una genitorialità che si rivela, invece, necessaria al riconoscimento di sé in quanto individui, su un piano personale e sociale. Parole chiave: Gravidanza, Maternità, Agìto, Sviluppo infantile, Childfree.

This essay addresses the connection between the notion of social mechanism and a morphogenetic-relational approach to social theory, a connection which poses a fundamental puzzle. The principal thesis sustained is that "generativity" is the key concept through which it can be clarified. The focus is restricted to a specific aspect of the problem. The essay deals with some formal theoretical models of social mechanisms, to understand how they conceive of generativity and relationality. The main argument is that from the theory of counterfactuals through analytical sociology, to E-state structuralism, the concept of generativity gains momentum and ontological thickness. The remaining theoretical problems that make formal models poorly generative are then quickly outlined: (i) most SM theory is often still deterministic, since mechanisms are directly related to outcomes; (ii) social relationships are usually considered in a quite reductive way; (iii) the stratification of emergent mechanisms in the social realm is widely recognized, but seldom captured in systematic way; (iv) truly social (historical) time is also an enduring problem. The article concludes noting that different concepts of generativity correspond to different ways to conceive of social policy, and advocates the integration between formal models, historical and qualitative methods in sociological research.

It is undoubtedly complex to deal with adolescents and pre-adolescents without taking into account the changing and varied phenomenon of addictions: whether they are substances or behaviors, they impact, sometimes markedly, others more tangentially, in this age group, determining different developmental paths.The clinician, whether working privately or in the Public Service, is confronted with these issues and it is essential that he has the necessary tools to intervene early to prevent the chronicity of risky abusive behaviors and/or the development of an addiction.For these reasons, the aim of our work is to shed light on some lesser-known, but no less widespread, areas in the panorama of addictions.We will present new substances recently marketed, new methods of taking already known substances and some chemical modifications that make the already known substances different for their psychoactive characteristics.We will then focus on behavioral addictions such as gambling in its online mode and sex addiction.Finally, we will conclude with some reflections related to treatment that can help the therapist to hypothesize a specific intervention path or that can be integrated within clinical practice.

I ragazzi della generazione Z e l’attuale legislazione volta a facilitarne l’ingresso nel mondo del lavoro sembrano siano fatti apposta per non incontrarsi. A 50 anni esatti dallo Statuto dei lavoratori possiamo pensare ad un suo radicale rinnovamento? Ci provano con questo libro i due autori – da una parte l’uomo di azienda, dall’altra l’avvocato – prendendo in esame le caratteristiche della nuova generazione di giovanissimi e focalizzandosi poi sulla presentazione e la critica delle principali leggi rivolte all’accesso degli inoccupati al mercato del lavoro.

Come relazionarsi con i ragazzi appartenenti alla generazione dei nativi digitali? Questo volume approfondisce, con un approccio multidisciplinare, alcuni fenomeni attuali e critici in adolescenza: i disturbi alimentari, l’autolesionismo, l’abbandono scolastico, il rapporto con il tempo e il soddisfacimento immediato dei bisogni, l’impoverimento relazionale e il massiccio uso di smartphone. Una lettura utile per quanti desiderano comprendere i giovani senza demonizzarli e per le varie figure professionali che, a vario titolo, necessitano di strumenti operativi aggiornati e di una visione strutturata e agile del contesto clinico sociale italiano legato all’adolescenza.