RISULTATI RICERCA

La responsabilità dei clienti di servizi sessuali a pagamento è emersa recentemente come questione centrale nel dibattito sulla prostituzione e sulle trasformazioni del mercato del sesso commerciale. Lo studio sulla rete informale La Ragazza di Benin City illumina la scena delle relazioni personali tra uomini bianchi e giovani donne nigeriane che prendono vita nella cosiddetta border land della prostituzione di strada. Oltre che unico nel panorama italiano, l’eccezionalità del "caso" sta nell’aver creato un luogo di emersione di esperienze ma-schili che comprendono, senza esaurirsi in essa, anche l’essere (o l’essere stati) clienti o fruitori di servizi sessuali a pagamento. L’obiettivo che li unisce è quello di rendere i clienti consapevoli delle condizioni in cui vivono le donne, spesso appena ragazze, da cui comprano sesso e di aiutare queste ultime ad uscire dalla prostituzione, spesso, attraverso il matrimonio

La competizione militare permanente e globale per l’egemonia in Europa che coincise con la seconda fase delle Guerre d’Italia (1536-1558) determinò la mobilitazione massiva delle risorse umane, finanziarie e cognitive a disposizione delle due dinastie concorrenti, gli Asburgo ed i Valois. I limiti anche organizzativi delle nascenti burocrazie statali inibirono la gestione centralizzata di uno sforzo bellico prolungato e imposero il ricorso ai patrimoni dei grandi casati fedeli alle monarchie e, soprattutto, alle loro reti di relazioni personali, orizzontali e verticali. Il saggio analizza la rilevanza militare del rapporto tra ‘patrono’ e ‘cliente’, delle connesse dinamiche di scambio di favori e servizi e dei riflessi di queste sulla struttura e le modalità di reclutamento di due tipologie di reparti - impegnati nella difesa del Ducato di Milano agli albori della dominazione asburgica -, la compagnia di cavalleria pesante e la compagnia di fanteria italiana.

In questo lavoro gli Autori presentano la figura di W. Clifford Scott, psichiatra e psicoanalista canadese (1903-1997) e propongono la traduzione di un capitolo della sua autobiografia, che narra della sua formazione come analista presso la Società Britannica di Psicoanalisi nella Londra degli anni ’30, dove egli fu il primo allievo in analisi didattica con Melanie Klein. Con lei, che fu anche sua supervisore e insegnante, Scott mantenne per lungo tempo un rapporto stretto ma in cui non mancarono gli elementi conflittuali e contribuì, sia attraverso il materiale portato in analisi che attraverso i suoi scritti, agli studi della Klein sui pazienti psicotici e alla nascita del concetto di identificazione proiettiva.

Climate and ecological emergencies are already adversely affecting individuals and com-munities globally. In this UK based study, both academics and young people contributed ex-amples of environmental and wider social challenges. The final lists capture many varied ex-amples reflecting both climate change (e.g., changing weather patterns) and wider ecological emergencies (e.g., biodiversity loss; pollution). The wider social challenges list captures other important issues (e.g., poverty, inequality). The paper reminds us both that the climate and ecological emergencies contain more than just climate change alone and that individuals and communities face pressing wider social challenges that may limit their ability to focus on cli-mate change. The discussion highlights the potential role of critical consciousness and the im-portance of focusing at macro levels of change.

One of the most visible innovations in the energy sector has been the development of unconventional gas extraction. At the same time, climate change appears to be one of the biggest societal challenges of this century. It is thus natural to wonder what is the relation between climate change and natural gas availability. Drawing from recent research, this paper reviews this relation availing of large scale energy economy models. We show that even if gas was available in vast supply, it would have limited impact on emissions and other determinants of climate change. Whether gas can facilitate the transition towards a low carbon world is shown to depend on a variety of factors, such as the stringency of the climate objective, policy support to renewables, and energy efficiency policies.

In the current context of climate change, and despite the general acceptance of the urgency of actions, accounting disclosure fails to outline financial climate-related risks. In this regard, considering the different environmental and sustaina-bility frameworks, this paper adopts the Task force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) framework because it encompasses the potential substantial risks to financial results stemming from a corporation’s climate dependency. It is noteworthy to investigate the changing role of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) as climate-related disclosures are constructed and reported based on TCFD require-ments, as transposed by the EU’s recommendations. Based on these premises, this study analyzes the reporting requirements provided by the TCFD for the voluntary disclosure on climate change that must be addressed by contemporary CFOs. Considering the required disclosure, it is possible to identify the competencies that CFOs must acquire in the immediate future (in terms, e.g., of environmental-managerial metrics that must be measured) and the soft skills that are required to collaborate with scientific experts who provide the technical side of the disclosed data. The authors develop a content analysis of the most recent, available Non-Financial Declarations of Italian listed companies and then disentangle the results into distinct categories. This study expands the field of knowledge of a key future issue and, in so doing, it emphasizes the role of accounting in fostering/contrasting the necessary actions to manage climate change.

Climate change involves fundamental international asymmetries in terms of its sources and impacts. The World Development Report 2010 presents an optimistic picture of the possibilities for tackling global warming, its optimism rather at odds with the gloomy prospects that may well be in store for the world, and which the Report itself documents with a wealth of findings and projections from climatology and social-scientific studies. Its central message is the need for "climate-smart policies" i.e. those that enhance development, reduce vulnerability, and finance transition to low-carbon growth paths. While it may be readily conceded that climate- smart choices can enhance development, there is no warrant for the claim that growth per se, particularly when it is inequitable, is not part of the problem.

The Paris Agreement has created a double bifurcation. First, from top-down approach (with an emissions limit imposed from above) to a bottom-up approach based on national emissions reduction pledges. And second, from a mitigation-centered policy to a more balanced mitigation and adaptation efforts. The following work proposes, however, that further steps must be taken to bring the theme of development back to the center of the fight against climate change. The article is divided into four parts. First is a reflection on the fact that mitigation has captured much of the attention during the past twenty years, but that adaptation is progressively gaining importance in policies to combat climate change. The next section explains why, starting from the Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, the objective of the "stabilization of greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" has led first to define the increase of 2 ° C as the limit not to be exceeded, then to the search for an equivalent level of CO2 concentration and last to the related carbon budget. The third part shows why the goal of not exceeding the 2 ° C temperature increase is illusory when considering the discrepancy between actual mitigation policies and theoretical commitments required based on the data presented by the IPCC. Even salvation coming from negative emission technologies at the moment seems more theoretical than real. The final conclusions state that, given the insufficiency of the mitigation tools, adaptation must be taken seriously - not as a passive solution, but as a conception of a different kind of development, which is required not only to fight climate change, but also for other purposes. .

During the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump promised to "cancel" the Paris Agreement. On 1 June 2017, he announced his intention to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. More generally, the new Trump administration has been vocal about changing US climate and environmental policies. This paper reviews these proposed changes, potential obstacles, and possible future paths. These include US membership in the Paris Agreement, the US NDC submitted to the Paris Agreement, and US domestic policies such as the EPA "Clean Power Plan" and other agency rules. So far, the Trump administration has taken some steps, but it has not made final policy changes. Its attempts at policy changes will take time, perhaps several years to withdraw from Paris and to conduct new agency rulemakings. They may be challenged by others, such as in other countries, in Congress, in the States, and in court. Litigation could seek to require agencies to justify their policy changes, to carry out statutory responsibilities, to use a social cost of carbon, and to protect the public trust. The effects of potential policy changes on the economy, emissions, and international relations remain to be seen. Beyond policy changes that may be made by the Trump administration, EPA and other agencies, another path may be through new legislative action in Congress. One avenue to seek bipartisan support for legislation in Congress might be a deal to remove EPA regulatory authority over greenhouse gases while also simultaneously adopting a new carbon tax. Climate policy is not determined by a single decision maker, but evolves in a complex web of institutions, with moves and countermoves by multiple actors

Sostenibilità, mitigazione, adattamento, energie rinnovabili, low-carbon transition, post-disaster planning: sono alcune delle nuove parole che affollano il dibattito in seno alla disciplina urbanistica. Il volume nasce dalla necessità di affrontare tali questioni, con un nuovo approccio di governance della città e del territorio, in grado di coinvolgere i diversi ambiti delle pubbliche amministrazioni, attivare processi di innovazione degli strumenti, delle priorità, degli attori e delle strutture organizzative: un nuovo modello per affrontare e gestire le sfide del cambiamento climatico verso una dimensione urbanistica climate proof.